Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All vitamin D studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Association of vitamin D status with hospital morbidity and mortality in adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Charoenngam et al., Endocrine Practice, doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013
Mar 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 34% Improvement Relative Risk Ventilation 37% ICU admission 23% Mortality (b) 58% Vitamin D  Charoenngam et al.  Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective 287 patients in the USA Lower mortality (p=0.26) and ventilation (p=0.17), not sig. c19early.org Charoenngam et al., Endocrine Practice, Mar 2021 Favorsvitamin D Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 287 hospitalized patients in the USA showing significantly lower mortality with vitamin D sufficiency in elderly patients and patients without obesity; and lower mortality for all patients but not reaching statistical signifance.
This is the 54th of 209 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 293,154,636 vigintillion).
risk of death, 34.1% lower, RR 0.66, p = 0.26, high D levels 12 of 100 (12.0%), low D levels 29 of 187 (15.5%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >=30ng/mL.
risk of mechanical ventilation, 37.2% lower, RR 0.63, p = 0.17, high D levels 14 of 100 (14.0%), low D levels 34 of 187 (18.2%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >=30ng/mL.
risk of ICU admission, 23.1% lower, RR 0.77, p = 0.28, high D levels 25 of 100 (25.0%), low D levels 56 of 187 (29.9%), NNT 20, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >=30ng/mL.
risk of death, 58.1% lower, RR 0.42, p = 0.05, high D levels 7 of 57 (12.3%), low D levels 25 of 79 (31.6%), NNT 5.2, adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >65 years old, >=30ng/mL.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Charoenngam et al., 8 Mar 2021, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
This PaperVitamin DAll
Association of Vitamin D Status With Hospital Morbidity and Mortality in Adult Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
MD Nipith Charoenngam, MD, PhD Arash Shirvani, MBBS Niyoti Reddy, MD Danica M Vodopivec, MD Caroline M Apovian, PhD, MD Michael F Holick
Endocrine Practice, doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre -including this research content -immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
Disclosure M.F.H. is a consultant for Quest Diagnostics, Inc, Biogena, Inc, and Ontometrics, Inc, and on the speaker's bureau for Abbott, Inc. C.M.A. reports receiving personal fees from Nutrisystem, Zafgen, Sanofi-Aventis, Orexigen, EnteroMedics, GI Dynamics, Scientific Intake, Gelesis, Novo Nordisk, SetPoint Health, Xeno Biosciences, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, and Takeda outside of the funded work, reports receiving grant funding from Aspire Bariatrics, GI Dynamics, Orexigen, Takeda, the Vela Foundation, Gelesis, Energesis, Coherence Lab, and Novo Nordisk outside of the funded work, and reports past equity interest in ScienceSmart, LLC. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest.
References
Amrein, Schnedl, Holl, Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency: the VITdAL-ICU randomized clinical trial, JAMA
Aygun, Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Bikle, Schwartz, Vitamin D binding protein, total and free vitamin D levels in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, Front Endocrinol
Boonstra, Barrat, Crain, Heath, Savelkoul et al., 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(þ) T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells, J Immunol
Castillo, Costa, Barrios, Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol
Charoenngam, Holick, Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease, Nutrients
Charoenngam, Shirvani, Holick, Vitamin D for skeletal and non-skeletal health: what we should know, J Clin Orthop Trauma
Charoenngam, Shirvani, Reddy, None, Endocrine Practice
De Haan, Groeneveld, De Geus, Egal, Struijs, Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis, Crit Care
Gibson, Davis, Zhu, Dietary vitamin D and its metabolites nongenomically stabilize the endothelium, PLoS One
Hars, Mendes, Serratrice, Sex-specific association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 mortality in older patients, Osteoporos Int
Hern Andez, Nan, Fernandez-Ayala, Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Holick, Binkley, Bischoff-Ferrari, Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Holick, Vitamin D deficiency, N Engl J Med
Hussain, Mahawar, Xia, Yang, El-Hasani, Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis, Obes Res Clin Pract
Jain, Gautam, Naseem, Acute-phase proteins: as diagnostic tool, J Pharm Bioallied Sci
Kaufman, Niles, Kroll, Bi, Holick, SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, PLOS ONE
Khunti, Singh, Pareek, Hanif, Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?, BMJ
Kim, Meza, Clarke, Kim, Hickner, Vitamin D and endothelial function, Nutrients
Kroll, Bi, Garber, Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in the United States, PLOS ONE
Lemire, Archer, Beck, Spiegelberg, Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions, J Nutr
Liu, Stenger, Li, Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin Dmediated human antimicrobial response
Maghbooli, Sahraian, Ebrahimi, Vitamin D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection, PLOS ONE
Martineau, Jolliffe, Hooper, Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data, BMJ
Meltzer, Best, Zhang, Vokes, Arora et al., Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results, JAMA Network Open
Migliaccio, Nisio, Mele, Obesity and hypovitaminosis D: causality or casualty?, Int J Obes Suppl
Ortega, Serrano, Pujol, Rangel, Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: an in silico analysis, EXCLI J
Radujkovic, Hippchen, Tiwari-Heckler, Dreher, Boxberger, Vitamin D deficiency and outcome of COVID-19 patients, Nutrients
Romero Starke, Petereit-Haack, Schubert, The age-related risk of severe outcomes due to COVID-19 infection: a rapid review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, Int J Environ Res Public Health
Rudnicka, Napierała, Podfigurna, Me ˛czekalski, Smolarczyk et al., The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing, Maturitas
Shahmiri, Enciso, Adda, Smith, Perugini et al., Membrane core-specific antimicrobial action of cathelicidin LL-37 peptide switches between pore and nanofibre formation, Sci Rep
Snowden, Graaf, COVID-19, social determinants past, present, and future, and African Americans' health, J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
Tang, Zhou, Luger, Calcitriol suppresses antiretinal autoimmunity through inhibitory effects on the Th17 effector response, J Immunol
Vanlint, Vitamin D and obesity, Nutrients
Wacker, Holick, Sunlight and vitamin D: a global perspective for health, Dermatoendocrinol
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 2]], 'date-time': '2024-04-02T15:00:03Z', 'timestamp': 1712070003078}, 'reference-count': 34, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'issue': '4', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 4, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-04-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1617235200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/100000062', 'name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/100000002', 'name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': ['aacejournalendocrinepractice.org', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 10]], 'date-time': '2021-03-10T01:09:44Z', 'timestamp': 1615338584000}, 'page': '271-278', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 54, 'title': 'Association of Vitamin D Status With Hospital Morbidity and Mortality in Adult Hospitalized ' 'Patients With COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '27', 'author': [ {'given': 'Nipith', 'family': 'Charoenngam', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Arash', 'family': 'Shirvani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Niyoti', 'family': 'Reddy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Danica M.', 'family': 'Vodopivec', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Caroline M.', 'family': 'Apovian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michael F.', 'family': 'Holick', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2097', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12072097', 'article-title': 'Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Charoenngam', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '266', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMra070553', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency', 'volume': '357', 'author': 'Holick', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'N\xa0Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1082', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jcot.2019.07.004', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D for skeletal and non-skeletal health: what we should know', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Charoenngam', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Orthop Trauma'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1911', 'DOI': '10.1210/jc.2011-0385', 'article-title': 'Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an ' 'Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Holick', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '12', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40615-020-00923-3', 'article-title': 'COVID-19, social determinants past, present, and future, and African ' 'Americans’ health', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Snowden', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Racial Ethn Health Disparities'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'm1548', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m1548', 'article-title': 'Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?', 'volume': '369', 'author': 'Khunti', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '51', 'DOI': '10.4161/derm.24494', 'article-title': 'Sunlight and vitamin D: a global perspective for health', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Wacker', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Dermatoendocrinol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '38184', 'DOI': '10.1038/srep38184', 'article-title': 'Membrane core-specific antimicrobial action of cathelicidin LL-37 ' 'peptide switches between pore and nanofibre formation', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Shahmiri', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '5768', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1770', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.1123933', 'article-title': 'Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human ' 'antimicrobial response', 'volume': '311', 'author': 'Liu', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1157', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00210-020-01911-4', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage', 'volume': '393', 'author': 'Aygun', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib11', 'first-page': '410', 'article-title': 'Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the ' 'human ACE2 receptor: an in silico analysis', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Ortega', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'EXCLI J'}, { 'issue': '6 Suppl', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib12', 'first-page': '1704S', 'article-title': 'Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential ' 'inhibition of Th1 functions', 'volume': '125', 'author': 'Lemire', 'year': '1995', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Nutr'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4624', 'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.0801543', 'article-title': 'Calcitriol suppresses antiretinal autoimmunity through inhibitory ' 'effects on the Th17 effector response', 'volume': '182', 'author': 'Tang', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Immunol'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4974', 'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4974', 'article-title': '1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(+) T ' 'cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'Boonstra', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Immunol'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0140370', 'article-title': 'Dietary vitamin D and its metabolites non-genomically stabilize the ' 'endothelium', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Gibson', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '575', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12020575', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and endothelial function', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Kim', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'i6583', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i6583', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract ' 'infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual ' 'participant data', 'volume': '356', 'author': 'Martineau', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '660', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-014-0660-4', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and ' 'mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'de Haan', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care'}, { 'issue': '16', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5974', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph17165974', 'article-title': 'The age-related risk of severe outcomes due to COVID-19 infection: a ' 'rapid review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Romero Starke', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '295', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.orcp.2020.07.002', 'article-title': 'Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Hussain', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Obes Res Clin Pract'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '20', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41367-019-0010-8', 'article-title': 'Obesity and hypovitaminosis D: causality or casualty?', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Migliaccio', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Int J Obes Suppl'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '949', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu5030949', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and obesity', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Vanlint', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '6', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.018', 'article-title': 'The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing', 'volume': '139', 'author': 'Rudnicka', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Maturitas'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0239252', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating ' '25-hydroxyvitamin D levels', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Kaufman', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'PLOS ONE'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722', 'article-title': 'Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with ' 'COVID-19 test results', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Meltzer', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Network Open'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0239799', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL ' 'reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 ' 'infection', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Maghbooli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLOS ONE'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2757', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12092757', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency and outcome of COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Radujkovic', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2495', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00198-020-05677-6', 'article-title': 'Sex-specific association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 ' 'mortality in older patients', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Hars', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Osteoporos Int'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e1343', 'DOI': '10.1210/clinem/dgaa733', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'volume': '106', 'author': 'Hernández', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Clin Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105751', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751', 'article-title': 'Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best ' 'available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among ' 'patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'Entrenas Castillo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1520', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2014.13204', 'article-title': 'Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in critically ' 'ill patients with vitamin D deficiency: the VITdAL-ICU randomized ' 'clinical trial', 'volume': '312', 'author': 'Amrein', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '118', 'DOI': '10.4103/0975-7406.76489', 'article-title': 'Acute-phase proteins: as diagnostic tool', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Jain', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'J\xa0Pharm Bioallied Sci'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '317', 'DOI': '10.3389/fendo.2019.00317', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D binding protein, total and free vitamin D levels in different ' 'physiological and pathophysiological conditions', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Bikle', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Front Endocrinol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013_bib35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0118108', 'article-title': 'Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone ' 'in the United States', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Kroll', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'PLOS ONE'}], 'container-title': 'Endocrine Practice', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1530891X21000574?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1530891X21000574?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-05-22T19:16:12Z', 'timestamp': 1653246972000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1530891X21000574'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4]]}, 'references-count': 34, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '4', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['S1530891X21000574'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1530-891X'], 'subject': ['Endocrinology', 'General Medicine', 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'], 'container-title-short': 'Endocrine Practice', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 4]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Association of Vitamin D Status With Hospital Morbidity and Mortality in Adult ' 'Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, {'value': 'Endocrine Practice', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.013', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2021 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit