Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 8]], 'date-time': '2024-04-08T12:36:12Z', 'timestamp': 1712579772204}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'The Endocrine Society', 'issue': '3', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 27]], 'date-time': '2020-10-27T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1603756800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100004587', 'name': 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['PI18/00762']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100003329', 'name': 'Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 8]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of ' 'debate.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized ' 'patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease ' 'severity.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Retrospective case–control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 ' 'population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association ' 'of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, ' 'requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were ' 'analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean\u2005±\u2005standard deviation 25OHD levels ' 'were 13.8\u2005±\u20057.2 ng/mL, compared with 20.9\u2005±\u20057.4 ng/mL in controls (P\u2005' '&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was ' 'found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005' '.0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P\u2005=\u2005.013) and D-dimer ' 'levels (P\u2005=\u2005.027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence ' 'of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as ' 'well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels ≥20 ng/mL. No ' 'causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a ' 'combined endpoint or as its separate components.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in ' 'population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did ' 'not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the ' 'severity of the disease.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1210/clinem/dgaa733', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 7]], 'date-time': '2020-11-07T10:21:28Z', 'timestamp': 1604744488000}, 'page': 'e1343-e1353', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 182, 'title': 'Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection', 'prefix': '10.1210', 'volume': '106', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-8847', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'José L', 'family': 'Hernández', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de ' 'Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain'}, {'name': 'University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Daniel', 'family': 'Nan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de ' 'Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain'}, {'name': 'University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Marta', 'family': 'Fernandez-Ayala', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de ' 'Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Mayte', 'family': 'García-Unzueta', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Marqués de ' 'Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Miguel A', 'family': 'Hernández-Hernández', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Intensive Care, Hospital Marqués de ' 'Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Marcos', 'family': 'López-Hoyos', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Immunology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, ' 'Santander, Spain'}]}, { 'given': 'Pedro', 'family': 'Muñoz-Cacho', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Gerencia de 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