Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Ben-Eltriki et al.,
Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of..,
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.1951891 (meta analysis)
Meta analysis of 24 observational studies with 3,637 participants, showing low vitamin D status associated with a higher risk of death and a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Currently there are
107 vitamin D studies and meta analysis shows:
Ben-Eltriki et al., 31 Aug 2021, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
Abstract: Journal of the American College of Nutrition
ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uacn20
Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk
of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection: A MetaAnalysis of Observational Studies
Mohamed Ben-Eltriki, Robert Hopefl, James M. Wright & Subrata Deb
To cite this article: Mohamed Ben-Eltriki, Robert Hopefl, James M. Wright & Subrata Deb (2021):
Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19 Infection:
A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, DOI:
10.1080/07315724.2021.1951891
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1951891
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Published online: 31 Aug 2021.
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Journal of the American College of Nutrition
https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1951891
Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Developing Severe
COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Mohamed Ben-Eltrikia,b, Robert Hopeflc, James M. Wrighta,b,d, and Subrata Debc
Cochrane Hypertension Review Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; bTherapeutics Initiative, Department of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; cDepartment of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, Florida, USA; dDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
a
ABSTRACT
ARTICLE HISTORY
Objective: The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D), the surrogate marker
for vitamin D3, serum concentration and COVID-19 has come to the forefront as a potential
pathway to improve COVID-19 outcomes. The current evidence remains unclear on the impact
of vitamin D status on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. To explore possible
association between low 25(OH)D levels and risk of developing severe COVID-19 (i.e. need for
invasive mechanical ventilation, the length of hospital stay, total deaths). We also aimed to
understand the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated inflammatory and
cardiac biomarkers.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive electronic literature search for any original research
study published up to March 30, 2021. For the purpose of this review, low vitamin D status
was defined as a range of serum total 25(OH)D levels of <10 to <30 ng/ml. Two independent
investigators assessed study eligibility, synthesized evidence, analyzed, critically examined, and
interpreted herein.
Results: Twenty-four observational studies containing 3637 participants were included in the
meta-analysis. The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years old; 56% were male. Low vitamin
D status was statistically associated with higher risk of death (RR, 1.60 (95% CI, 1.10–2.32),
higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 pneumonia (RR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10–2.05). COVID-19
patients with low vitamin D levels had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular
diseases, abnormally high serum troponin and peak D-dimer levels, as well as elevated
interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein than those with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/ml.
Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we found a..
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