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Impact of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Level on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Turkey

Karahan et al., J. Nutr. Health Aging, doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1479-0
Oct 2020  
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Mortality 83% Improvement Relative Risk Vitamin D for COVID-19  Karahan et al.  Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective 149 patients in Turkey Lower mortality with higher vitamin D levels (p<0.000001) c19early.org Karahan et al., J. Nutr. Health Aging, Oct 2020 Favorsvitamin D Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,000+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 149 COVID-19 patients, 69.1% with vitamin D deficiency, showing lower vitamin D levels associated with higher mortality.
This is the 17th of 208 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 474,562,620 vigintillion).
risk of death, 82.5% lower, RR 0.17, p < 0.001, high D levels 5 of 46 (10.9%), low D levels 64 of 103 (62.1%), NNT 2.0, >20nmol/L.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Karahan et al., 5 Oct 2020, retrospective, Turkey, peer-reviewed, 2 authors.
This PaperVitamin DAll
IMPACT OF SERUM 25(OH) VITAMIN D LEVEL ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 IN TURKEY
Serkan Karahan, F Katkat
Background: Because of the lack of sufficient data, we aimed to investigate the role of serum 25(OH) vitamin D level on COVID severity and related mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Data, including sociodemographic features, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data, and 25(OH) vitamin D levels were recorded for each study participant. Patients were stratified into different vitamin D groups; Normal (Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level >30 ng/mL), Vitamin D insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL), and deficiency (<20 ng/ mL). The severity of COVID was classified according to the Chinese Clinical Guideline for classification of COVID-19 severity. Mortality data were determined for participants. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Results: Overall, 149 COVID-19 patients (females 45.6%, mean age 63.5 ± 15.3 (range 24-90 years) years) were included. Fortyseven patients (31.5%) had moderate COVID-19, whereas 102 patients (68.5%) had severe-critical COVID-19. The mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was 15.2 ± 10.3 ng/mL. Thirty-four (22.8%) and 103 (69.1%) patients had vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. Mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients with severe-critical COVID-19 compared with moderate COVID-19 (10.1 ± 6.2 vs. 26.3 ± 8.4 ng/mL, respectively, p<0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 93.1% of the patients with severe-critical COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, serum albumin and, 25(OH) vitamin D level were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was independently associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical standards: The study protocol was approved by the Hospital Clinical Studies Ethical Committee (2020.06.1.01.072 and 12 June 2020).
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