Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-03-01T17:29:54Z', 'timestamp': 1709314194645}, 'reference-count': 32, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-03-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1616025600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-03-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1616025600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) owing to its ' 'immunomodulatory effects is believed to influence outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a ' 'prospective, observational study of patients, hospitalized with COVID-19. Serum 25-OHD ' 'level\u2009&lt;\u200920\xa0ng/mL was considered VDD. Patients were classified as having mild ' 'and severe disease on basis of the WHO ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI). Of the ' '410 patients recruited, patients with VDD (197,48.2%) were significantly younger and had ' 'lesser comorbidities. The levels of PTH were significantly higher in the VDD group (63.5\u2009' '±\u200954.4 vs. 47.5\u2009±\u200942.9\xa0pg/mL). The proportion of severe cases (13.2% ' 'vs.14.6%), mortality (2% vs. 5.2%), oxygen requirement (34.5% vs.43.4%), ICU admission (14.7% ' 'vs.19.8%) was not significantly different between patients with or without VDD. There was no ' 'significant correlation between serum 25-OHD levels and inflammatory markers studied. Serum ' 'parathormone levels correlated with D-dimer (r 0.117, p- 0.019), ferritin (r 0.132, p-0.010), ' 'and LDH (r 0.124, p-0.018). Amongst VDD patients, 128(64.9%) were treated with oral ' 'cholecalciferol (median dose of 60,000\xa0IU). The proportion of severe cases, oxygen, or ICU ' 'admission was not significantly different in the treated vs. untreated group. In conclusion, ' 'serum 25-OHD levels at admission did not correlate with inflammatory markers, clinical ' 'outcomes, or mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Treatment of VDD with ' 'cholecalciferol did not make any difference to the outcomes.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-85809-y', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-03-18T16:47:41Z', 'timestamp': 1616086061000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 42, 'title': 'Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality ' 'in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '11', 'author': [ {'given': 'Ganesh', 'family': 'Jevalikar', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ambrish', 'family': 'Mithal', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anshu', 'family': 'Singh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Rutuja', 'family': 'Sharma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Khalid J.', 'family': 'Farooqui', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shama', 'family': 'Mahendru', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Arun', 'family': 'Dewan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sandeep', 'family': 'Budhiraja', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 18]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '85809_CR1', 'unstructured': 'Coronavirus Update (Live): 63,198,955 Cases and 1,467,506 Deaths from ' 'COVID-19 Virus Pandemic—Worldometer. 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