Supplementary Data — Casirivimab/imdevimab reduced COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 34 studies

October 2026

Casirivimab/imdevimab COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Regeneron (RCT)38%0.62 · 0.29–1.33recov. time92 (n)91 (n) Regeneron (RCT)54%0.46 · 0.19–1.13recov. time92 (n)91 (n) Regeneron (RCT)71%0.29 · 0.17–0.48death/hosp.18/1,35562/1,341 Regeneron (RCT)70%0.30 · 0.13–0.68death/hosp.7/73624/748 Regeneron (RCT)29%0.71 · 0.60–0.85recov. time1,355 (n)1,341 (n) Regeneron (RCT)29%0.71 · 0.60–0.85recov. time736 (n)748 (n) Weinreich (RCT)50%0.50 · 0.09–2.72death2/2,0914/2,089 Weinreich (RCT)67%0.33 · 0.03–3.17death1/1,3553/1,341 Weinreich (RCT)−2%1.02 · 0.06–16.22death1/7361/748 Weinreich (RCT)71%0.29 · 0.17–0.48death/hosp.18/1,35562/1,341 Weinreich (RCT)70%0.30 · 0.13–0.68death/hosp.7/73624/748 Weinreich (RCT)29%0.71 · 0.58–0.87recov. time1,355 (n)1,341 (n) Weinreich (RCT)29%0.71 · 0.58–0.87recov. time736 (n)748 (n) Webb98%0.02 · 0.00–0.27death0/11557/5,536 Webb91%0.09 · 0.01–0.63hosp.1/115538/5,536 Cooper77%0.23 · 0.03–1.65death1/1,14833/8,534 Cooper48%0.52 · 0.23–1.20ICU6/1,14885/8,534 Cooper52%0.48 · 0.35–0.64hosp.45/1,148703/8,534 Kakinoki58%0.42 · 0.17–0.92progression13/5522/53 Komagamine77%0.23 · 0.01–4.63ventilation0/532/75 Komagamine92%0.08 · 0.00–1.32ICU0/537/75 Komagamine68%0.32 · 0.13–0.68progression8/5333/75 Komagamine29%0.71 · 0.58–0.87hosp. time53 (n)75 (n) Suzuki (PSM)−200%3.00 · 0.12–73.25death1/2220/222 Suzuki60%0.40 · 0.05–3.45death1/3145/635 Suzuki (PSM)45%0.55 · 0.31–0.96progression17/22231/222 Suzuki50%0.50 · 0.31–0.80progression34/31470/365 O'Brien (DB RCT)85%0.15 · 0.01–2.78hosp.0/1003/104 O'Brien (DB RCT)92%0.08 · 0.00–1.37hosp./ER0/1006/104 O'Brien (DB RCT)33%0.67 · 0.43–0.98symp. case29/10044/104 O'Brien (DB RCT)40%0.60 · 0.45–0.81viral load100 (n)104 (n) Shopen−46%1.46 · 0.73–2.67severe case24/11626/243 Osugi24%0.76 · 0.23–2.49hosp.4/3015/74 Wei61%0.39 · 0.26–0.60death/hosp.23/1,11627/5,291 Wei61%0.39 · 0.30–0.51hosp.59/3,28075/16,284 Wilden82%0.18 · 0.05–0.50hosp.n/an/a Faraone92%0.08 · 0.00–1.24death0/118/23 Faraone94%0.06 · 0.00–0.76oxygen0/1115/23 Miyashita33%0.67 · 0.11–3.97ventilation2/4613/461 Miyashita46%0.54 · 0.35–0.82oxygen30/46156/461 Levey31%0.69 · 0.07–7.37ICU1/362/50 Levey7%0.93 · 0.16–5.26oxygen2/363/50 Levey−108%2.08 · 0.81–5.33hosp.9/366/50 Kneidinger97%0.03 · 0.00–0.38severe case0/334/215 Williams−21%1.21 · 0.14–9.86oxygen1/886/676 Williams−1%1.01 · 0.12–8.01severe case1/887/676 Williams14%0.86 · 0.10–6.63hosp.1/888/676 Gershengorn−95%1.95 · 0.86–4.18hosp.369 (n)5,915 (n) Gershengorn (PSM)−105%2.05 · 1.23–3.42hosp.21/36941/1,476 Gershengorn (PSM)−100%2.00 · 0.99–4.06hosp.11/21322/852 Gershengorn (PSM)−111%2.11 · 1.00–4.44hosp.10/15619/624 Hussein (PSM)60%0.40 · 0.38–0.42death/hosp.population-based cohort Kip46%0.54 · 0.41–0.71death/hosp.61/1,479227/2,954 Shahnawaz86%0.14 · 0.01–2.71death0/853/84 Shahnawaz48%0.52 · 0.27–0.97progression12/8523/84 Shahnawaz31%0.69 · 0.56–0.86viral time85 (n)84 (n) Horby (RCT)3%0.97 · 0.90–1.06death1,124/4,8391,203/4,946RECOVERY Horby (RCT)6%0.94 · 0.86–1.02death943/4,8391,029/4,946RECOVERY Horby (RCT)−1%1.01 · 0.90–1.14ventilation484/4,556488/4,642RECOVERY Horby (RCT)21%0.79 · 0.69–0.91death396/1,633452/1,520RECOVERY Horby (RCT)13%0.87 · 0.73–1.05ventilation190/1,599202/1,484RECOVERY Somersa.. (DB RCT)3%0.97 · 0.56–1.69death804 (n)393 (n) Somersa.. (DB RCT)36%0.64 · 0.44–0.93death59/80445/393 Somersa.. (DB RCT)−57%1.57 · 0.93–2.64death44/11013/51 Somersa.. (DB RCT)3%0.97 · 0.53–1.76death13/237/12 Somersa.. (DB RCT)31%0.69 · 0.50–0.95death/int.82/80458/393 Somersa.. (DB RCT)30%0.70 · 0.52–0.94no disch.90/80463/393 McCreary (PSM)93%0.07 · 0.01–0.51death1/65229/1,304 McCreary (PSM)56%0.44 · 0.28–0.68death/hosp.22/652101/1,304 McCreary (PSM)48%0.52 · 0.33–0.82hosp.22/65285/1,304 McCreary (PSM)40%0.60 · 0.43–0.85hosp./ER40/652133/1,304 Iustila-Maran (ICU)−16%1.16 · 0.53–2.54death14/507/29ICU patients Shah−14%1.14 · 0.45–2.91death8/507/50 Shah0%1.00 · 0.41–2.46ventilation8/508/50 Shah14%0.86 · 0.54–1.39ICU19/5022/50 Shah−43%1.43 · 0.00–1565ICU50 (n)50 (n) Shah4%0.96 · 0.63–1.45oxygen23/5024/50 Shah12%0.88 · 0.60–1.28hosp. time50 (n)50 (n) Chua (PSM)80%0.20 · 0.01–3.77ventilation0/323/96 Chua (PSM)84%0.16 · 0.01–2.86ICU0/324/96 Chua (PSM)31%0.69 · 0.31–1.53oxygen6/3226/96 Regeneron (RCT)94%0.06 · 0.00–1.10symp. case0/1868/223 Regeneron (RCT)48%0.52 · 0.25–1.07cases10/18623/223 Regeneron (DB RCT)92%0.08 · 0.00–1.36hosp.0/8416/842 Regeneron (DB RCT)81%0.19 · 0.12–0.30cases20/841108/842 Regeneron (DB RCT)82%0.18 · 0.08–0.41cases7/84138/842 Regeneron (DB RCT)89%0.11 · 0.01–2.06hosp./ER0/7534/752 Regeneron (DB RCT)81%0.19 · 0.10–0.35symp. case11/75359/752 Regeneron (DB RCT)62%0.38 · 0.23–0.61recov. time753 (n)752 (n) Regeneron (DB RCT)69%0.31 · 0.17–0.55viral time753 (n)752 (n) Isa (DB RCT)93%0.07 · 0.01–0.28symp. case3/72913/240 Isa (DB RCT)93%0.07 · 0.01–0.28cases0/72910/240 Bes-Berlandier−67%1.67 · 0.69–4.06progression5/1713/74 Isa (RCT)−37%1.37 · 0.57–3.32symp. case35/2455/48 Ohtani88%0.12 · 0.02–0.71cases14 (n)38 (n)
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← Casirivimab/
imdevimab
reduces risk
Casirivimab/
imdevimab
increases risk →
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.