A Retrospective Cohort Observational Study to Assess the Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

Background: There are no studies examining the use of monoclonal antibodies in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients within the Indian population. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort observational study was conducted from June 2021 to March 2022 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The study included two cohorts of COVID-19 patients-a study group that received casirivimab/imdevimab infusion and a control group that did not receive monoclonal antibodies. The primary outcome measure was the assessment of the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO 2 ) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ratio. Secondary outcome measures included the need for the intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation, duration of hospital stay, and inhospital mortality. Results: The mean SpO 2 on admission and discharge, as well as the mean SpO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, were comparable between the two groups. No significant differences were found in the requirements for oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), invasive ventilation, ICU admission, registered respiratory therapist (RRT) needs, or mortality rates between the two groups. Additionally, the median duration of hospital and ICU stay did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Casirivimab/imdevimab therapy did not show a beneficial effect on the outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.