October 2026
Convalescent plasma COVID-19 outcomes
StudyImprovementRR ยท 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Libster (DB RCT)50%0.50 ยท 0.09โ2.65death2/804/80INFANT-COVID-19
Libster (DB RCT)50%0.50 ยท 0.09โ2.65ventilation2/804/80INFANT-COVID-19
Libster (DB RCT)67%0.33 ยท 0.07โ1.60ICU2/806/80INFANT-COVID-19
Libster (DB RCT)48%0.52 ยท 0.29โ0.94progression13/8025/80INFANT-COVID-19
Balcells (RCT)โ247%3.47 ยท 0.35โ11.88death5/282/30
Balcells (RCT)โ163%2.63 ยท 0.43โ9.10ventilation5/282/30
Balcells (RCT)โ23%1.23 ยท 0.56โ1.89progression13/2812/30
Van Hise (RCT)โ441%5.41 ยท 0.29โ101hosp.3/490/23
Korley (RCT)โ396%4.96 ยท 0.58โ42.15death5/2501/248C3PO
Korley (RCT)10%0.90 ยท 0.64โ1.26hosp.51/25756/254C3PO
Korley (RCT)6%0.94 ยท 0.72โ1.22progression77/25781/254C3PO
Alemany (DB RCT)80%0.20 ยท 0.01โ4.14death0/1882/188CONV-ERT
Alemany (DB RCT)โ5%1.05 ยท 0.60โ1.84hosp.22/18821/188CONV-ERT
Alemany (DB RCT)โ5%1.05 ยท 0.85โ1.30no recov.188 (n)188 (n)CONV-ERT
Alemany (DB RCT)โ4%1.04 ยท 0.97โ1.11viral load188 (n)188 (n)CONV-ERT
Alemany (DB RCT)4%0.96 ยท 0.88โ1.05viral load188 (n)188 (n)CONV-ERT
Gharbharan (DB RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.06โ16.04death1/2071/209CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)67%0.33 ยท 0.01โ8.16ventilation0/2071/209CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)14%0.86 ยท 0.59โ1.22progression207 (n)209 (n)CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)42%0.58 ยท 0.33โ1.02progression123 (n)103 (n)CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)39%0.61 ยท 0.28โ1.34hosp.10/20718/209CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)โ50%1.50 ยท 0.40โ5.64hosp. time207 (n)209 (n)CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.88โ1.16no recov.137/207137/209CoV-Early
Gharbharan (DB RCT)โ8%1.08 ยท 0.00โ88003recov. time207 (n)209 (n)CoV-Early
Hoffmann (RCT)51%0.49 ยท 0.05โ5.27death1/592/58COVIC-19
Hoffmann (RCT)91%0.09 ยท 0.01โ1.60death/hosp.0/595/58COVIC-19
Hoffmann (RCT)89%0.11 ยท 0.01โ2.00death/hosp.0/594/58COVIC-19
Hoffmann (RCT)67%0.33 ยท 0.01โ7.97ICU0/591/58COVIC-19
Li (RCT)35%0.65 ยท 0.27โ1.39death8/5112/50
Li (RCT)15%0.85 ยท 0.53โ1.18no improv.25/5229/51
Li (RCT)76%0.24 ยท 0.07โ0.64viral+4/2615/23
Avendaรฑo-Solร (RCT)88%0.12 ยท 0.01โ2.11death0/384/43ConPlas-19
Avendaรฑo-Solร (RCT)93%0.07 ยท 0.00โ1.19progression0/387/43ConPlas-19
Avendaรฑo-Solร (RCT)92%0.08 ยท 0.00โ1.40progression0/386/43ConPlas-19
Agarwal (RCT)โ7%1.07 ยท 0.73โ1.58death34/23531/229PLACID
Agarwal (RCT)โ7%1.07 ยท 0.73โ1.58progression44/23541/229PLACID
Agarwal (RCT)1%0.99 ยท 0.54โ1.81ventilation19/22719/224PLACID
Agarwal (RCT)28%0.72 ยท 0.55โ0.95viral+56/17376/169PLACID
Bajpai (RCT)โ323%4.23 ยท 0.43โ41.60death3/141/15ILBS-COVID-02
Bajpai (RCT)โ114%2.14 ยท 0.22โ21.10death2/141/15ILBS-COVID-02
Bajpai (RCT)โ221%3.21 ยท 0.38โ27.40ventilation3/141/15ILBS-COVID-02
Bajpai (RCT)25%0.75 ยท 0.54โ1.04hosp. time14 (n)15 (n)ILBS-COVID-02
Bajpai (RCT)33%0.67 ยท 0.41โ1.10viral load14 (n)15 (n)ILBS-COVID-02
AlQahtani (RCT)50%0.50 ยท 0.05โ5.08death1/202/20
AlQahtani (RCT)33%0.67 ยท 0.22โ2.01ventilation4/206/20
AlQahtani (RCT)22%0.78 ยท 0.57โ1.07hosp. time20 (n)20 (n)
Simonovich (RCT)4%0.96 ยท 0.50โ1.83death25/22812/105PlasmAr
Simonovich (RCT)19%0.81 ยท 0.50โ1.317-point status228 (n)105 (n)PlasmAr
Ray (RCT)33%0.67 ยท 0.30โ1.50death10/4014/40
Horby et al. (RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.94โ1.08death1,622/5,7951,610/5,763RECOVERY
Horby et al. (RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.93โ1.07death1,399/5,7951,408/5,763RECOVERY
Horby et al. (RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.97โ1.06no disch.1,963/5,7951,941/5,763RECOVERY
Gonzalezโ7%1.07 ยท 0.76โ1.50death60/13026/60OT1
Gonzalezโ1%1.01 ยท 0.76โ1.34death70/13032/60OT1
Pouladza.. (SB RCT)40%0.60 ยท 0.16โ2.29death3/305/30
Pouladza.. (SB RCT)โ30%1.30 ยท 0.99โ1.71hosp. time30 (n)30 (n)
Bennett-.. (DB RCT)19%0.81 ยท 0.36โ1.86death16/595/15
Bennett-.. (DB RCT)11%0.89 ยท 0.34โ2.31death14/594/15
Bennett-.. (DB RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.75โ1.32no improv.47/5912/15
Elhadi (ICU)โ16%1.16 ยท 0.88โ1.54death16/23265/442ICU patients
Teofili (RCT)โ100%2.00 ยท 0.16โ24.33death1/41/8LIFESAVER
Gharbharan (RCT)4%0.96 ยท 0.25โ2.41death6/4311/43ConCoVid-19
Gharbharan (RCT)12%0.88 ยท 0.49โ1.60no disch.43 (n)43 (n)ConCoVid-19
Choโ4%1.04 ยท 0.64โ1.62death402 (n)4,642 (n)
Sekine (RCT)โ38%1.38 ยท 0.73โ2.63death18/8013/80PLACOVID
Sekine (RCT)โ100%2.00 ยท 0.72โ5.59death10/805/80PLACOVID
Sekine (RCT)โ11%1.11 ยท 0.74โ1.66no improv.31/8028/80PLACOVID
Sekine (RCT)โ67%1.67 ยท 0.01โ470hosp. time80 (n)80 (n)PLACOVID
Kirenga (RCT)โ21%1.21 ยท 0.51โ2.89death10/698/67COVIDIT
Kirenga (RCT)9%0.91 ยท 0.38โ2.16progression9/417/29COVIDIT
Kirenga (RCT)โ50%1.50 ยท 0.81โ2.77viral time67 (n)67 (n)COVIDIT
Hsue (DB RCT)โ212%3.12 ยท 0.14โ71.70death1/160/18CAPRI
Hsue (DB RCT)โ12%1.12 ยท 0.08โ16.55death1/161/18CAPRI
Hsue (DB RCT)โ425%5.25 ยท 0.27โ102ventilation2/160/18CAPRI
Hsue (DB RCT)โ425%5.25 ยท 0.27โ102progression2/160/18CAPRI
Hsue (DB RCT)โ425%5.25 ยท 0.27โ102progression2/160/18CAPRI
Devos (RCT)1%0.99 ยท 0.52โ1.88death320 (n)163 (n)DAWn-plasma
Devos (RCT)โ8%1.08 ยท 0.65โ1.80ventilation320 (n)163 (n)DAWn-plasma
Devos (RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.74โ1.34ICU320 (n)163 (n)DAWn-plasma
Bรฉgin (RCT)โ13%1.13 ยท 0.88โ1.45death156/62569/313CONCOR-1
Bรฉgin (RCT)โ12%1.12 ยท 0.86โ1.46death141/61463/307CONCOR-1
Bรฉgin (RCT)โ16%1.16 ยท 0.94โ1.43death/int.199/61486/307CONCOR-1
Kรถrper (RCT)37%0.63 ยท 0.33โ1.22death11/5317/52CAPSID
Kรถrper (RCT)14%0.86 ยท 0.34โ2.20death7/538/52CAPSID
Kรถrper (RCT)16%0.84 ยท 0.62โ1.14no recov.30/5335/52CAPSID
Abayomi (DB RCT)โ17%1.17 ยท 0.58โ2.35death7/116/11LACCPT
Menichetti (RCT)23%0.77 ยท 0.39โ1.49death14/23119/240TSUNAMI
Menichetti (RCT)โ4%1.04 ยท 0.62โ1.75ventilation25/23125/240TSUNAMI
Menichetti (RCT)12%0.88 ยท 0.59โ1.33progression59/23167/239TSUNAMI
Holm (RCT)45%0.55 ยท 0.11โ2.84death2/173/14COP20
Holm (RCT)69%0.31 ยท 0.01โ7.09ventilation0/171/14COP20
Holm (RCT)19%0.81 ยท 0.25โ2.64progression4/164/13COP20
Holm (RCT)โ57%1.57 ยท 0.52โ4.74oxygen time17 (n)14 (n)COP20
Holm (RCT)โ62%1.62 ยท 0.76โ3.46hosp. time17 (n)14 (n)COP20
Ortigoza (DB RCT)12%0.88 ยท 0.63โ1.20death59/46271/462CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)1%0.99 ยท 0.66โ1.47death35/46339/463CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)8%0.92 ยท 0.74โ1.16WHO scale468 (n)473 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)6%0.94 ยท 0.75โ1.18WHO scale468 (n)473 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)โ2%1.02 ยท 0.77โ1.37PASC141 (n)140 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)5%0.95 ยท 0.54โ1.67PASC141 (n)140 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)โ15%1.15 ยท 0.59โ2.25PASC141 (n)140 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)18%0.82 ยท 0.44โ1.51PASC141 (n)140 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Ortigoza (DB RCT)โ18%1.18 ยท 0.71โ1.95PASC141 (n)140 (n)CONTAIN COVID-19
Bar (RCT)81%0.19 ยท 0.04โ0.84death40 (n)39 (n)PennCCP2
Bar (RCT)44%0.56 ยท 0.24โ1.29no improv.40 (n)39 (n)PennCCP2
Bar (RCT)51%0.49 ยท 0.18โ1.30ventilation5/4010/39PennCCP2
Sullivan (DB RCT)86%0.14 ยท 0.01โ2.75death0/5923/589CSSC-004
Sullivan (DB RCT)25%0.75 ยท 0.17โ3.32ICU3/5924/589CSSC-004
Sullivan (DB RCT)54%0.46 ยท 0.26โ0.80hosp.17/59237/589CSSC-004
Jalili (RCT)โ45%1.45 ยท 0.74โ2.87death16/6011/60
Jalili (RCT)โ8%1.08 ยท 0.72โ1.63ICU27/6025/60
Jalili (RCT)โ250%3.50 ยท 0.76โ16.17ARDS7/602/60
Jalili (RCT)โ10%1.10 ยท 0.89โ1.36hosp. time60 (n)60 (n)
Baldeรณn (DB RCT)12%0.88 ยท 0.37โ2.11death7/6312/95
van den Berg (RCT)17%0.83 ยท 0.41โ1.68death11/5213/51PROTECT-Patient
van den Berg (RCT)67%0.33 ยท 0.04โ3.04ventilation1/523/51PROTECT-Patient
van den Berg (RCT)5%0.95 ยท 0.55โ1.63no improv.16/4718/50PROTECT-Patient
van den Berg (RCT)โ3%1.03 ยท 0.62โ1.71no disch.18/4619/50PROTECT-Patient
Mesinaโ29%1.29 ยท 0.70โ2.36death18/6514/65
Mesinaโ60%1.60 ยท 0.96โ2.65hosp. time65 (n)65 (n)
De Santis (RCT)13%0.87 ยท 0.48โ1.56death11/3625/71
De Santis (RCT)12%0.88 ยท 0.42โ1.82death8/3618/71
Bajpai (RCT)โ14%1.14 ยท 0.76โ1.69death42/20037/200COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)โ19%1.19 ยท 0.69โ2.06death25/20021/200COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)โ12%1.12 ยท 0.67โ1.88ventilation27/20024/200COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)โ2%1.02 ยท 0.90โ1.15ICU200 (n)200 (n)COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.91โ1.09hosp. time200 (n)200 (n)COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)6%0.94 ยท 0.71โ1.24no recov.64/20068/200COPLA-II
Bajpai (RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.98โ1.05viral+200 (n)200 (n)COPLA-II
Rojas (SB RCT)โ220%3.20 ยท 0.64โ16.00death46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Rojas (SB RCT)38%0.62 ยท 0.40โ0.97no disch.46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Rojas (SB RCT)โ25%1.25 ยท 0.36โ4.33viral+46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Rojas (SB RCT)โ16%1.16 ยท 0.33โ4.08viral+46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Rojas (SB RCT)โ51%1.51 ยท 0.33โ6.98viral+46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Rojas (SB RCT)โ12%1.12 ยท 0.16โ7.84viral+46 (n)45 (n)CP-COVID-19
Song (RCT)โ52%1.52 ยท 0.70โ3.27death22/877/42COOP-COVID-19-MCTI
Lacombe (RCT)49%0.51 ยท 0.20โ1.32death7/6012/60CORIPLASM
Lacombe (RCT)64%0.36 ยท 0.14โ0.97death4/2211/27CORIPLASM
Lacombe (RCT)โ68%1.68 ยท 0.74โ3.35progression13/608/60CORIPLASM
Lacombe (RCT)โ4%1.04 ยท 0.61โ1.78progression19/6020/60CORIPLASM
Lacombe (RCT)โ7%1.07 ยท 0.00โ9700hosp. time60 (n)60 (n)CORIPLASM
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ76%1.76 ยท 0.62โ5.01death15/984/46CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ88%1.88 ยท 0.56โ6.33death12/983/46CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ72%1.72 ยท 0.50โ5.87death11/983/46CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ64%1.64 ยท 0.36โ7.60death7/982/46CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ735%8.35 ยท 0.47โ148death5/980/46CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ37%1.37 ยท 0.29โ6.52ventilation6/942/43CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ31%1.31 ยท 0.45โ3.82ICU12/894/39CCAP-2
Thorlaci.. (DB RCT)โ41%1.41 ยท 0.72โ2.097-point status98 (n)46 (n)CCAP-2
Manzini (DB RCT)โ25%1.25 ยท 0.61โ2.57death14/6012/60PLACO COVID
Manzini (DB RCT)โ10%1.10 ยท 0.61โ1.95death/int.17/5914/56PLACO COVID
Manzini (DB RCT)โ6%1.06 ยท 0.70โ1.61viral time60 (n)60 (n)PLACO COVID
Self (DB RCT)โ3%1.03 ยท 0.73โ1.44death89/48280/465PassItOn
Self (DB RCT)โ26%1.26 ยท 0.81โ1.90death63/48248/465PassItOn
Self (DB RCT)โ4%1.04 ยท 0.82โ1.337-point status487 (n)473 (n)PassItOn
Higgins (RCT)1%0.99 ยท 0.86โ1.14death370/944324/790REMAP-CAPICU patients
Denkinger (RCT)8%0.92 ยท 0.75โ1.11death68 (n)66 (n)
Denkinger (RCT)โ2%1.02 ยท 0.59โ1.77ventilation19/6818/66
Denkinger (RCT)22%0.78 ยท 0.52โ1.167-point status68 (n)66 (n)
Baksh (DB RCT)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.94โ1.09no recov.381/538381/532
Baksh (DB RCT)โ4%1.04 ยท 0.79โ1.39PASC533 (n)528 (n)
Baksh (DB RCT)9%0.91 ยท 0.60โ1.37PASC232 (n)234 (n)
Baksh (DB RCT)โ18%1.18 ยท 0.80โ1.74PASC301 (n)294 (n)
Alshamrani (PSM)โ14%1.14 ยท 0.79โ1.45death24/41108/205
Alshamrani (PSM)โ17%1.17 ยท 0.93โ1.28progression34/41154/205
Alshamrani (PSM)โ43%1.43 ยท 1.13โ1.80ICU37 (n)166 (n)
Alshamrani (PSM)โ32%1.32 ยท 1.07โ1.63hosp. time41 (n)205 (n)
Krishnanโ270%3.70 ยท 0.90โ15.80deathcase-control study
Kastenโ4%1.04 ยท 0.49โ2.21death7/1911/31
Kastenโ17%1.17 ยท 0.43โ3.15death5/197/31
Gauiran (RCT)โ400%5.00 ยท 0.25โ98.53death2/220/22Co-CLARITY
Gauiran (RCT)โ100%2.00 ยท 0.20โ20.49ICU2/221/22Co-CLARITY
Gauiran (RCT)โ7%1.07 ยท 0.77โ1.50hosp. time22 (n)22 (n)Co-CLARITY
Lewandowskiโ62%1.62 ยท 0.88โ2.98death430 (all patients)
Khawaja (DB RCT)โ154%2.54 ยท 0.11โ59.64death1/370/20CP_COVID-19
Khawaja (DB RCT)73%0.27 ยท 0.03โ2.80ventilation1/372/20CP_COVID-19
Khawaja (DB RCT)46%0.54 ยท 0.12โ2.43ICU3/373/20CP_COVID-19
Iasella (PSM)โ26%1.26 ยท 0.93โ1.71death73/29058/290
Iasella (PSM)โ1%1.01 ยท 0.86โ1.17ventilation155/290154/290
Iasella (PSM)0%1.00 ยท 0.82โ1.22progression118/290118/290
Shaheen (RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.43โ2.31death8/308/30
Cao (RCT)โ224%3.24 ยท 1.03โ10.20death36 (n)36 (n)
Cao (RCT)0%1.00 ยท 0.07โ15.38severe case1/361/36
Cao (RCT)โ40%1.40 ยท 0.58โ3.37cases36 (n)36 (n)
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