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Early, very high-titre convalescent plasma therapy in clinically vulnerable individuals with mild COVID-19: an international, randomised, open-label trial

Hoffmann et al., eBioMedicine, doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105613, COVIC-19, NCT05271929
Feb 2025  
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Mortality 51% Improvement Relative Risk Death/hospitalization, d.. 91% Death/hospitalizatio.. (b) 89% ICU admission 67% Conv. Plasma  COVIC-19  EARLY TREATMENT  RCT Is early treatment with convalescent plasma beneficial for COVID-19? RCT 117 patients in multiple countries (April 2022 - November 2023) Lower death/hosp. with convalescent plasma (p=0.027) c19early.org Hoffmann et al., eBioMedicine, February 2025 Favorsconv. plasma Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
RCT 117 immunocompromised patients with mild COVID-19 showing lower hospitalization or death with early administration of very high-titre COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). The trial was terminated early due to declining enrollment.
risk of death, 50.8% lower, RR 0.49, p = 0.62, treatment 1 of 59 (1.7%), control 2 of 58 (3.4%), NNT 57, day 180.
risk of death/hospitalization, 91.0% lower, RR 0.09, p = 0.03, treatment 0 of 59 (0.0%), control 5 of 58 (8.6%), NNT 12, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 28.
risk of death/hospitalization, 89.0% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.06, treatment 0 of 59 (0.0%), control 4 of 58 (6.9%), NNT 14, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 14.
risk of ICU admission, 66.9% lower, RR 0.33, p = 0.50, treatment 0 of 59 (0.0%), control 1 of 58 (1.7%), NNT 58, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 28.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Hoffmann et al., 27 Feb 2025, Randomized Controlled Trial, multiple countries, peer-reviewed, median age 57.0, 33 authors, study period 11 April, 2022 - 27 November, 2023, trial NCT05271929 (history) (COVIC-19). Contact: h.schrezenmeier@blutspende.de.
This PaperConv. PlasmaAll
Early, very high-titre convalescent plasma therapy in clinically vulnerable individuals with mild COVID-19: an international, randomised, open-label trial
Simone Hoffmann, Eva Schrezenmeier, Maxime Desmarets, Fabian Halleck, Antoine Durrbach, Lynn Peters, Anna-Teresa Tremmel, Alina Seidel, Marita Führer, Friederike Bachmann, Jens Schrezenmeier, Jochen Greiner, Sixten Körper, Henrike Hofmann, Carolin Ludwig, Christiane Vieweg, Bernd Jahrsdörfer, Klemens Budde, Michael Schmidt, Jan Münch, Nizar Joher, Etienne Daguindau, Beate Grüner, Gaëlle Brunotte, Charline Vauchy, Erhard Seifried, Daniel Bradshaw, Lise J Estcourt, David J Roberts, Eric Toussirot, Bart Rijnders, Pierre Tiberghien, Hubert Schrezenmeier
eBioMedicine, doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105613
Background COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is a treatment option for COVID-19. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of early, very high-titre CCP in immunocompromised individuals with mild COVID-19. Methods This randomised, controlled, open-label trial assessed CCP in immunocompromised patients (n = 120) with mild COVID-19 in 10 clinical trial centres across Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either standard of care (SoC) alone (SoC group) or SoC and 2 units of CCP. Most patients (89.7%) had received ≥3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. The primary endpoint was hospitalisation for progressive COVID-19 symptoms or death by day 28 after randomisation, analysed on a modified intention-to-treat basis (117 patients). The safety analysis included the full analysis set. The trial is registered with EudraCT 2021-006621-22, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05271929. Findings Between April 11, 2022 and November 27, 2023, 120 patients were enrolled. Patients in the CCP group received a median of 559 ml CCP from convalescent, vaccinated donors with very high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (median 81,810 IU/ml) at a median 4 days after symptom onset. The primary outcome occurred in 5/58 patients (8.6%) in the SoC group and in 0/59 patients (0%) in the CCP group, difference -8.6% (95% confidence interval of difference -19% to -0.80%; p-value 0.027; Fisher's exact test). The course of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the patients
Contributors Conceptualisaton: LJE, DJR, DB, CV, PT, MD, and HS generated the study design and wrote the study protocol. Project administration: SH, SK, CV, GB, MD, PT, ET, BR, and HS coordinated the trial. Supervision: HS, AD, and ET, and BR: Principal Investigators in Germany, France, and Netherlands. Formal analysis: MD trial statistician, developed the statistical analysis plan and performed the statistical analysis. The first three authors and the last author wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All the authors contributed to subsequent drafts. The authors vouch for the completeness and accuracy of the data and for the fidelity of the trial to the protocol. All authors contributed to interpretation of data, manuscript writing and approved the manuscript. Data sharing statement Anonymised data will be available upon request for independent review panel-approved research proposals with a signed data sharing agreement. The data will be available after approval and data sharing agreement is in place until 3 years after publication. The data can be obtained by request to maxime.desmarets@univ-fcomte.fr. Declaration of interests PT is an employee of Établissement Français du Sang, the blood establishment responsible for blood collection, qualification and supply in France. HS, SH, SK, HH, MS are, and ESe was an employee of the German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen (or its affiliates), the establishment responsible for blood collection,..
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