c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchCOVID-19 treatments

Evaluating the Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma in Symptomatic Outpatients Infected With COVID-19

Van Hise et al., NCT04438057, NCT04438057, Aug 2021
Early treatmentRCT · NCT04438057 · 103 patients · USA
Conv. Plasma for COVID-19
Van Hise et al. NCT04438057 · August 2021
Outcome
Improvement
Relative Risk · 95% CI
Hospitalization
-441%5.41 · 0.29 to >9
00.511.52+
← Convalescent
Plasma reduces riskIncreased risk →
Higher hospitalization with treatment
Not statistically significant · p = 0.55
RCT 72 outpatients in the USA showing no significant difference with convalescent plasma treatment.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
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OutcomeImprovementEffect · pTreatmentControl
risk of hospitalization 440.8% higher · RR 5.41 · p = 0.55 440.8% higherRR 5.41p = 0.55 3 of 49 (6.1%) 0 of 23 (0.0%) treatment 3 of 49 (6.1%), control 0 of 23 (0.0%)continuity correction due to zero events

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates.

Van Hise et al., 12 Aug 2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04438057 (history). Contact: vanhise@midcusa.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Nigeria Taiwan Fiji Zambia Bosnia-Herzegovina Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Republic Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Iceland New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel Haiti North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Taiwan Fiji Zambia Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Rep. Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Sri Lanka Bulgaria Greece Slovakia New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%