Real‐World Evaluation Study of Azvudine for the Treatment of Patients With COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Abiden Kapar, Huling Li, Qian He, Dandan Lin, Dandan Tang, Kai Peng, Yida Wang, Kai Wang
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, doi:10.1155/cjid/3645253
Background: Azvudine, as an antiviral drug, has been approved for the treatment of COVID-19, and multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies have been conducted. Tis study aimed to systematically evaluate the efcacy and safety of Azvudine in treating COVID-19 patients. Methods: As of December 1, 2023, we searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, ICTRP, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, MedRxiv, and Springer Link for relevant RCTs and retrospective cohort studies. EndNote X9 was used for literature screening and management, and R software was employed for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 1142 COVID-19 patients from fve RCTs were included, with 575 patients receiving Azvudine treatment. Azvudine signifcantly reduced the hospitalization time and the time to nucleic acid conversion to negative in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. However, compared to the control group, Azvudine did not signifcantly reduce the incidence of adverse events (AEs) (risk ratio: 0.89, 95% confdence interval [CI]: 0.80, 1.00). Additionally, eight ongoing clinical trials were included to evaluate the efcacy and safety of Azvudine. In fourteen retrospective cohort studies, a total of 6602 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, with 3118 patients receiving Azvudine treatment. Azvudine signifcantly reduced all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.63). Te incidence of AEs in the Azvudine group and the Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir group was 4.13% (60/1453) and 5.08% (67/1319), respectively, indicating that Azvudine signifcantly reduced the incidence of AEs compared to Nirmatrelvir/ Ritonavir (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). Conclusions: Azvudine signifcantly reduced the hospitalization time and the time to nucleic acid conversion to negative in COVID-19 patients and signifcantly lowered all-cause mortality (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]: high-certainty evidence). In terms of safety, Azvudine demonstrated a favorable safety profle (GRADE: moderate-certainty evidence because of suspected publication bias and residual confounding). Further large-scale studies are needed to validate its efcacy and safety.
Ethics Statement Te authors have nothing to report.
Consent Te authors have nothing to report.
Conflicts of Interest Te authors declare no conficts of interest.
Author Contributions Kai Wang, Huling Li, Qian He, Dandan Tang, and Dandan Lin conceived and designed the study. Abiden Kapar, Kai Peng, and Yida Wang performed the main data collection and analyses under the supervision of Huling Li, Qian He, and Dandan Lin. Kai Wang, Qian He, and Huling Li helped with the analyses. Abiden Kapar wrote the draft of the manuscript. All authors have contributed to, seen, and approved the fnal, submitted version of the manuscript.
Supporting Information Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section. (Supporting Information) Figure S1 -S5. Sensitivity analysis of adverse events in RCTs. Figure S6 -S10. Sensitivity analysis of serious adverse events in RCTs. Figure S11 -S24. Sensitivity analysis of all-cause mortality in retrospective cohort studies. Figure S25 -S38. Sensitivity analysis of composite disease progression in retrospective cohort studies. Figure S39 -S52. Sensitivity analysis of adverse events in retrospective cohort studies. Figure S53 -S71. Sensitivity analysis of adverse events in all included studies. Table S1 . Quality assessment of included RCTs. Table S2 . Quality assessment of included retrospective cohort studies. Table S3 . Severity of COVID-19 upon admission of patients. Figure S72 . Stacked graph of..
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"abstract": "<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Azvudine, as an antiviral drug, has been approved for the treatment of COVID‐19, and multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies have been conducted. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Azvudine in treating COVID‐19 patients.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> As of December 1, 2023, we searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, ICTRP, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, MedRxiv, and Springer Link for relevant RCTs and retrospective cohort studies. EndNote X9 was used for literature screening and management, and R software was employed for meta‐analysis.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> A total of 1142 COVID‐19 patients from five RCTs were included, with 575 patients receiving Azvudine treatment. Azvudine significantly reduced the hospitalization time and the time to nucleic acid conversion to negative in patients with mild to moderate COVID‐19. However, compared to the control group, Azvudine did not significantly reduce the incidence of adverse events (AEs) (risk ratio: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 1.00). Additionally, eight ongoing clinical trials were included to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Azvudine. In fourteen retrospective cohort studies, a total of 6602 COVID‐19 patients were analyzed, with 3118 patients receiving Azvudine treatment. Azvudine significantly reduced all‐cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.63). The incidence of AEs in the Azvudine group and the Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir group was 4.13% (60/1453) and 5.08% (67/1319), respectively, indicating that Azvudine significantly reduced the incidence of AEs compared to Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> Azvudine significantly reduced the hospitalization time and the time to nucleic acid conversion to negative in COVID‐19 patients and significantly lowered all‐cause mortality (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]: high‐certainty evidence). In terms of safety, Azvudine demonstrated a favorable safety profile (GRADE: moderate‐certainty evidence because of suspected publication bias and residual confounding). Further large‐scale studies are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.</jats:p>",
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