Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All vitamin D studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin DVitamin D (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Anti-inflammatory and Nutritional Interventions Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review

Mu et al., Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422
Sep 2024  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,700+ studies for 95 treatments. c19early.org
Review of anti-inflammatory and nutritional interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Authors emphasize the importance of a healthy immune response in reducing the severity of COVID-19, especially in high-risk groups like the elderly and those with comorbidities. Inflammation and oxidative stress can exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infections, and the cytokine storm seen in severe cases can lead to organ damage and death. Early and consistent nutritional interventions are proposed as potentially effective prevention and recovery strategies. Multi-nutrient combinations including vitamin D, zinc, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, flavonoids, and peptides may provide a comprehensive immune boost and reduce inflammation better than isolated nutrients. The antioxidant properties of nutrients like selenium are noted to be especially beneficial in the elderly by reducing viral replication and supporting immune cell function.
Reviews covering vitamin D for COVID-19 include1-30.
Review covers diet, probiotics, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc.
Mu et al., 16 Sep 2024, peer-reviewed, 4 authors. Contact: liangying498@163.com.
This PaperVitamin DAll
Anti-inflammatory and Nutritional Interventions Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review
Jianfei Mu, Otobong D Akan, Qinlu Lin, Ying Liang
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422
Highlights 1. Inflammation and oxidative stress exacerbate the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. 2. Timely recovery from infection is attributed to effective immune response (which is absent in risk groups). 3. Elderly individuals and those with health comorbidities are most vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. 4. Early and consistent nutritional interventions may provide effective prevention and recovery strategies for COVID-19.
Abbreviations Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2; Corona Virus Disease Ethical Approval Not applicable. Consent to participate Not applicable. Consent to publish All authors read and approved the publishing of this article. Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. [ 125, 126] Vitamin B Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) aids the energy metabolism of all cells [127] Treatment with Vitamin B3 inhibits neutrophil infiltration into the lungs and has a strong anti- [128] J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f inflammatory effect during ventilator-induced lung injury. Vitamin B6 aids many tissue metabolisms, including protein metabolism, and strengthens the body's immune system. [24] Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in metabolic processes, cardiovascular and circulatory systems, and the control and antiviral activity of the immune system. [129] Vitamin C Vitamin C aids collagen synthesis in connective tissues, acts as an antioxidant, supports immune functions, and protects against infection caused by coronaviruses. [130] Vitamin D Vitamin D stimulates the maturation of immune cells and boosts response to acute infections in age-associated inflammatory disorders. [137] Resveratrol aids in the enhancement of NK cell cytotoxicity and has anti-inflammatory effects. [138] J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ..
References
Adhikari, Hashmi, Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Intravenous Vitamin C for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Two Harmonized Randomized Clinical Trials, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21407
Akasov, Khaydukov, Andreyuk, Riboflavin for COVID-19 Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Mental Health Disorders: Observational Study, Front Pharmacol, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.755745
Alam, Czajkowsky, SARS-CoV-2 infection and oxidative stress: Pathophysiological insight into thrombosis and therapeutic opportunities, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.001
Aliper, Jellen, Cortese, Towards natural mimetics of metformin and rapamycin, Aging, doi:10.18632/aging.101319
Almasaud, Chalabi, Arfaj, Association of Serum Zinc and Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15020340
Almasaud, Chalabi, Arfaj, Qarni, Alkroud et al., Association of Serum Zinc and Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15020340
Alshammari, Fatima, Alraya, Selenium and COVID-19: A spotlight on the clinical trials, inventive compositions, and patent literature, J Infect Public Health, doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.011
Andreakos, Papadaki, Serhan, Dexamethasone, pro-resolving lipid mediators and resolution of inflammation in COVID-19, Allergy, doi:10.1111/all.14595
Angelidi, Kokkinos, Katechaki, Mediterranean diet as a nutritional approach for COVID-19, Metabolism, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154407
Annweiler, Beaudenon, Gautier, High-dose versus standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in older adults with COVID-19 (COVIT-TRIAL): A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled superiority trial, PLoS Med, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003999
Attaway, Scheraga, Bhimraj, Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.n436
Baarz, Rink, Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system -A special focus on zinc, Ageing Res Rev, doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541
Baladia, Pizarro, Rada, Vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol, med Rxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.20083360
Barco, Valerio, Ageno, Age-sex specific pulmonary embolismrelated mortality in the USA and Canada, 2000-18: an analysis of the WHO Mortality Database and of the CDC Multiple Cause of Death database, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30417-3
Barrett, Youssef, Shah, Vitamin D Status and Mortality from SARS CoV-2: A Prospective Study of Unvaccinated Caucasian Adults, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14163252
Bischof, Siow, Zhavoronkov, The potential of rapalogs to enhance resilience against SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce the severity of COVID-19, Lancet Healthy Longev, doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30068-4
Biswas, Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, doi:10.1155/2016/5698931
Blagosklonny, Rejuvenating immunity: anti-ageing drug today eight years later, Oncotarget, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3740
Blanco-Melo, Nilsson-Payant, Liu, Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives the development of COVID-19, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026
Booth, Matukas, Tomlinson, Clinical features and shortterm outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area, Journal of American Medical Association, doi:10.1001/jama.289.21.JOC30885
Calder, Carr, Gombart, Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System is an Important Factor to Protect Against Viral Infections, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12041181
Calder, Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019, Proc Nutr Soc, doi:10.1017/S0029665123004792
Cao, COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy, Nature Reviews, doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3
Carabelli, Peacock, Thorne, SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness, Nat Rev Microbiol, doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00841-7
Carr, Rosengrave, Bayer, Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes, Critical Care, doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y
Cascella, Rajnik, Cuomo, Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Chan, Ng, Chan, Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Thorax, doi:10.1136/thorax.58.8.686.JournalPre-proof
Channappanavar, Fehr, Vijay, Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected Mice, Cell Host and Microbe, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.007
Chaplin, Overview of the Immune Response, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.980
Chen, Hamano, Subleski, Expression of Costimulatory TNFR2 Induces Resistance of CD4+FoxP3-Conventional T Cells to Suppression by CD4+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells, Journal of Immunology, doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903548
Chen, Klein, Garibaldi, Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention, Ageing Res Rev, doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205
Chen, Ling, Mo, Restoration of leukomonocyte counts is associated with viral clearance in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, Preprint at medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.20030437
Chen, Wu, Guo, Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease-2019, Journal of Clinical Investigation, doi:10.1172/JCI137244
Childs, Calder, Miles, None, Diet and Immune Function, doi:10.3390/nu11081933
Choi, Chau, Tsang, Outcomes and prognostic factors in 267 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong, Annals of J o u r n a l P r e -p r, o o f Internal Medicine, doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00005
Corrales-Medina, Musher, Shachkina, Acute pneumonia and the cardiovascular system, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61266-5
De Diego, Nieto-Torres, Regla-Nava, Inhibition of NF-B-Mediated Inflammation in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Mice Increases Survival, Journal of Virology, doi:10.1128/JVI.02576-13)
De La Cruz-Enríquez, Rojas-Morales, Ruíz-García, SARS-CoV-2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by oxidative stress/inflammation in leukocytes of COVID-19 patients, Free Radic Res, doi:10.1080/10715762.2021.2005247
Diao, Wang, Tan, Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364
Dong, Guan, Xu, Disentangling the age-related manner in the associations between gut microbiome and women's health: a multi-cohort microbiome study, Gut Microbes, doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2290320
Esam, Akhavan, Lotfi, Molecular docking and dynamics studies of Nicotinamide Riboside as a potential multi-target nutraceutical against SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and transcription: A new insight, J Mol Struct, doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131394
Fialkow, Wang, Downey, Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as signalling molecules regulating neutrophil function, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.030.JournalPre-pr
Filardo, Di Pietro, Mastromarino, Therapeutic potential of resveratrol against emerging respiratory viral infections, Pharmacol Ther, doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107613.JournalPre-p
Forcados, Muhammad, Oladipo, Metabolic Implications of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.654813
Forsgård, Rode, Lobenius-Palmér, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response in healthy adults: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, Gut Microbes, doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2229938
Fowler, Truwit, Hite, Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure: the CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial, Journal of American Medical Association, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.11825
Franceschi, Garagnani, Parini, Inflammaging: a new immunemetabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases, Nat Rev Endocrinol, doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4
Fu, Cheng, Wu, Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools, Virologica Sinica, doi:10.1007/s12250-020-00207-4
Gu, Korteweg, Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, American Journal of Pathology, doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.061088
Guan, Ni, Hu, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.JournalPre-proof
Guillin, Vindry, Ohlmann, Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu11092101
Guo, Cao, Hong, The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreakan update on the Status, Military Medical Research, doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0
Guo, Cao, Hong, The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreakan update on the Status, Military Medical Research, doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0
Gutiérrez-Castrellón, Gandara-Martí, Abreu, Abreu, Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, Gut Microbes, doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899
He, Alu, Lei, A recombinant spike-XBB.1.5 protein vaccine induces broad-spectrum immune responses against XBB.1.5-included Omicron J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f variants of SARS-CoV-2, MedComm, doi:10.1002/mco2.263
Hoffmann, Kleine-Weber, Schroeder, SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
Hoffmann, Kleine-Weber, Schroeder, SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.Jour
Hong, Choi, Hong, Predictors of mortality in the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Thorax, doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209313
Huang, Wang, Li, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Iddir, Brito, Dingeo, Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12061562
J O U R N A L P R E, None
Jayawardena, Misra, Balanced diet is a major casualty in COVID-19, Diabetes Metab Syndr, doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.001
Jayawardena, Sooriyaarachchi, Chourdakis, Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, Clinical Research & Reviews, doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015
Jiang, He, Weinstein, Lineage structure of the human antibody repertoire in response to influenza vaccination, Science Translational Medicine, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004794
Karam, Moreno, Koh, Oxidative stress and inflammation as central mediators of atrial fibrillation in obesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular Diabetology, doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0604-9.JournalPre-proof
Karki, Sharma, Tuladhar, Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock Syndromes, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025
Kofahi, Badran, Nimer, Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response to COVID-19 Vaccine, Vaccines (Basel), doi:10.3390/vaccines11091509
Kumar, Pandey, Free radicals: health implications and their mitigation by herbals, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, doi:10.1155/2017/8416763
Kunnumakkara, Sailo, Banik, Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked?, Journal of Translational Medicine, doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2
Kusnadi, Ramírez-Suástegui, Fajardo, Severely ill COVID-19 patients display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells, Sci Immunol, doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abe4782
Kwok, Riley, Perera, Relative incidence and individual-level severity of seasonal influenza A H3N2 compared with 2009 pandemic H1N1, BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2432-7
Leontieva, Demidenko, Blagosklonny, Dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitors suppress cellular geroconversion (a senescence program), Oncotarget, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.4836
Li, CoVID-19 DashBoard
Li, Fan, Lai, Coronavirus Infections and Immune Responses, Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.25685
Li, Guan, Wu, Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia, New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
Lordan, Grant, Preventing the Adverse Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 through Diet, Supplements, and Lifestyle, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14010115
López-Otín, Blasco, Partridge, Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001
Maloir, Ghysen, Frenckell, Acute respiratory distress revealing anti-synthetase syndrome, Revue Medicale de Liege
Mazidimoradi, Alemzadeh, Alemzadeh, The effect of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f polyunsaturated fatty acids on the severity and mortality of COVID patients: A systematic review, Life Sci, doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120489
Mazza, Palladini, Lorenzo, Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up, Brain Behav Immun, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.021
Meng, Abdullahi, Ferreira, Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity, Nature, doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x
Meo, Alowikan, Al-Khlaiwi, Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, doi:10.26355/eurrev_202002_20379
Midha, Kumar, Kumar, Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid-19 illness in resource-limited settings, Rev Med Virol, doi:10.1002/rmv.2204
Milani, Macchi, Guz-Mark, Vitamin C in the Treatment of COVID-19, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13041172
Mitchell, Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?, Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2
Moatasim, Kutkat, Osman, Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112777
Mogilenko, Shchukina, Artyomov, Immune ageing at single-cell resolution, Nat Rev Immunol, doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00646-4
Mubarak, Alturaiki, Hemida, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Infection, Immunological Response, and Vaccine Development, Journal of Immunology Research, doi:10.1155/2019/6491738
Neves, Pott-Junior, Yamashita, Do the oxidative stress biomarkers predict COVID-19 outcome? An in-hospital cohort study, Free Radic Biol Med, doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.026
Ng, Tilg, COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye, Gut, doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195
Nieman, Wentz, The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defence system, Journal of Sport Health Science, doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009
Pedersen, Ho, SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging, Journal of Clinical Investigation
Pinto, Park, Beltramello, Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody, Nature, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2349-y
Ponzo, Pellegrini, D'eusebio, Mediterranean Diet and SARS-COV-2 Infection: Is There Any Association? A Proof-of-Concept Study, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13051721
Pormohammad, Monych, Turner, Zinc and SARS-CoV-2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and 3C-like proteinase enzymes, Int J Mol Med, doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790
Qin, Zhou, Hu, Dysregulation of immune responses in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Clinical Infectious Disease, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa248
Raoult, Zumla, Locatelli, Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses, Cell Stress, doi:10.15698/cst2020.04.216
Riley, Kwok, Wu, Epidemiological characteristics of 2009 (H1N1) pandemic influenza based on paired sera from a longitudinal community cohort study, PLoS Medicine, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000442
Ristic-Medic, Petrovic, Arsic, Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition, World J Gastroenterol, doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682
Rothe, Schunk, Sothmann, Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany, New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001468
Russo, Valle, Malaguarnera, Comparison of Vitamin D and Resveratrol Performances in COVID-19, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu15112639
Santoro, Bientinesi, Monti, Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?, Ageing Res Rev, doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422
Scrivo, Vasile, Bartosiewicz, Inflammation as "common soil" of the multifactorial diseases, Autoimmune Review, doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006
Sharma, Di Castelnuovo, Cerletti, Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies, Adv Nutr, doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.006
Shen, Xiong, Wu, Precise Epitope Organization with Selfadjuvant Framework Nucleic Acid for Efficient COVID-19 Peptide Vaccine Construction, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, doi:10.1002/anie.202301147
Shi, Tan, Chen, Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China, doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.20034736
Singh, Baldwin, Daynes, Respiratory sequelae of COVID-19: pulmonary and extrapulmonary origins, and approaches to clinical care and rehabilitation, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00159-5
Su, Yuan, Chen, Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014
Tana, Moffa, Falasca, Approach to COVID-19 in older adults and indications for improving the outcomes, Ann Med, doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2265298.JournalPre-proof
Tang, Nicolle, Klettner, Airflow Dynamics of Human Jets: Sneezing and Breathing -Potential Sources of Infectious Aerosols, PloS One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059970.JournalPre-pr
Tortorici, Veesler, Structural insights into coronavirus entry, Advance Virus Research, doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.08.002
Uyeki, Hui, Zambon, None, Influenza, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00982-5
Van Der Made, Netea, Van Der Veerdonk, Clinical implications of host genetic variation and susceptibility to severe or critical COVID-19, Genome Med, doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01100-3
Van-Erp, Van-Kampen, Van-Kasteren, Viral Infection of Human Natural Killer Cells, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v11030243
Velazquez-Salinas, Pauszek, Stenfeldt, Increased virulence of an epidemic strain of vesicular stomatitis virus is associated with interference of the innate response in pigs, Frontiers in Microbiology, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01891
Verity, Okell, Dorigatti, Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis, The Lancet Infectious Disease, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
Wang, Fang, Cai, Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis, Research, doi:10.34133/2020/2402961
Wang, Hu, Hu, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, Journal of the American Medical Association, doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104821
Wang, Xu, Gao, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens, Journal of American Medical Association, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786
Wu, Lewis, Pae, Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance, Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Journal of the American Medical Association, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Xian, Liu, Nilsson, Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation, Immunity, doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.004.JournalPre-pr
Xu, Li, Zhu, Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent faecal viral shedding, Nature Medicals, doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4
Xu, Shi, Wang, Pathological findings of Covid-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
Yang, Xiong, Zhang, Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors, The Biochemical Journal, doi:10.1042/BJ20050698
Yang, Yu, Xu, Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centre, retrospective, observational study, The Lancet, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
Yin, Wunderink, Mers, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia, Respirology, doi:10.1111/resp.13196
Yisimayi, Song, Wang, Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting, Nature, doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06753-7
Yu, Kan, Ji, Identification of tuna protein-derived peptides as potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, Food Chem, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128366
Zeller, Cottin, GDF15: an emerging modulator of immunity and a strategy in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism, Trends Endocrinol Metab, doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.011
Zhang, Geng, Tana, New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110195
Zhang, Liu, Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systemic Review, Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.25707
Zhao, Simon, Seluanov, DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation, Nat Rev Immunol, doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00751-y
Zhao, To, Lam, A trifunctional peptide broadly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in hamsters, Cell Discov, doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00428-9
Zhavoronkov, Inhibitors of mTOR in ageing and cancer, Oncotarget, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6878
Zheng, Gao, Wang, Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2
Zhou, Fu, Zheng, Aberrant pathogenic GM-CSF+ T cells and inflammatory CD14+CD16+ 1 monocytes 2 in severe pulmonary syndrome patients of a new coronavirus, doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.945576
Zhou, Yu, Du, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
Zhu, Gebo, Abraham, Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f study, Lancet Microbe, doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00171-4
Zhu, Gebo, Abraham, Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort study, Lancet Microbe, doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00171-4
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 19]], 'date-time': '2024-09-19T04:14:03Z', 'timestamp': 1726719243822}, 'reference-count': 140, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-09-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1725148800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-09-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1725148800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-09-16T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1726444800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 15, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100019081', 'name': 'Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'id': [{'id': '10.13039/501100019081', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100012165', 'name': 'Key Technologies Research and Development Program', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'id': [{'id': '10.13039/501100012165', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'id': [{'id': '10.13039/501100001809', 'id-type': 'DOI', 'asserted-by': 'publisher'}]}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-09-17T22:43:55Z', 'timestamp': 1726613035000}, 'page': '101422', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Anti-inflammatory and Nutritional Interventions Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'author': [ {'given': 'Jianfei', 'family': 'Mu', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Otobong D.', 'family': 'Akan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Qinlu', 'family': 'Lin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ying', 'family': 'Liang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '497', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5', 'article-title': 'Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in ' 'Wuhan, China', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Huang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '149', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025', 'article-title': 'Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ Triggers Inflammatory Cell Death, Tissue ' 'Damage, and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cytokine Shock ' 'Syndromes', 'volume': '184', 'author': 'Karki', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2', 'article-title': 'Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked?', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Kunnumakkara', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Translational Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0', 'article-title': 'The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease ' '2019(COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the Status', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Guo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Military Medical Research'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib5', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel ' 'coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China', 'volume': '157', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of the American Medical Association'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '148', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-023-06753-7', 'article-title': 'Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune ' 'imprinting', 'volume': '625', 'author': 'Yisimayi', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib7', 'unstructured': 'G. L. Li, Database Group. CoVID-19 DashBoard Tsinghua Database Research ' 'Group Qatar Computing Research institute, 30 (2024). ' 'https://ncov.deepeye.tech/.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '913', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.02576-13', 'article-title': 'Inhibition of NF-B-Mediated Inflammation in Severe Acute Respiratory ' 'Syndrome Coronavirus-Infected Mice Increases Survival', 'volume': '88', 'author': 'De Diego', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Virology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib9', 'first-page': 'e263', 'article-title': 'A recombinant spike-XBB.1.5 protein vaccine induces broad-spectrum ' 'immune responses against XBB.1.5-included Omicron variants of ' 'SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'He', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'MedComm'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12250-020-00207-4', 'article-title': 'Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From ' 'Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools', 'author': 'Fu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Virologica Sinica'}, { 'journal-title': 'Biorxiv preprint', 'article-title': 'Aberrant pathogenic GM-CSF+ T cells and inflammatory CD14+CD16+ 1 ' 'monocytes 2 in severe pulmonary syndrome patients of a new coronavirus', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Zhou', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib11'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a ' 'clinically proven protease inhibitor', 'author': 'Hoffmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '337', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12879-017-2432-7', 'article-title': 'Relative incidence and individual-level severity of seasonal influenza ' 'A H3N2 compared with 2009 pandemic H1N1', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Kwok', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'BMC Infectious Diseases'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1000442', 'article-title': 'Epidemiological characteristics of 2009 (H1N1) pandemic influenza based ' 'on paired sera from a longitudinal community cohort study', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Riley', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu11081933', 'article-title': 'Diet and Immune Function', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Childs', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '115', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14010115', 'article-title': 'Preventing the Adverse Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 ' 'through Diet, Supplements, and Lifestyle', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Lordan', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12061562', 'article-title': 'Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative ' 'Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 ' 'Crisis', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Iddir', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120489', 'article-title': 'The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the severity and mortality ' 'of COVID patients: A systematic review', 'volume': '299', 'author': 'Mazidimoradi', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Life Sci'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2022.755745', 'article-title': 'Riboflavin for COVID-19 Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Mental ' 'Health Disorders: Observational Study', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Akasov', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2101', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu11092101', 'article-title': 'Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Guillin', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1085', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.001', 'article-title': 'Balanced diet is a major casualty in COVID-19', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Jayawardena', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab Syndr'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '340', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15020340', 'article-title': 'Association of Serum Zinc and Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of ' 'COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Almasaud', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1155/2016/5698931', 'article-title': 'Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation ' 'Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?', 'volume': '2016', 'author': 'Biswas', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '438', 'DOI': '10.9734/BJMMR/2015/16284', 'article-title': 'Free radicals: health implications and their mitigation by herbals', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Kumar', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '44', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.001', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 infection and oxidative stress: Pathophysiological insight ' 'into thrombosis and therapeutic opportunities', 'volume': '63', 'author': 'Alam', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cytokine Growth Factor Rev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '153', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.030', 'article-title': 'Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as signalling molecules regulating ' 'neutrophil function', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Fialkow', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Free Radical Biology and Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib27', 'article-title': 'Metabolic Implications of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in ' 'SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Forcados', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front Cell Infect Microbiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '982', 'DOI': '10.1080/10715762.2021.2005247', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by ' 'oxidative stress/inflammation in leukocytes of COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'De la Cruz-Enríquez', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Free Radic Res'}, { 'journal-title': 'Preprint at medRxiv', 'article-title': 'Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in ' 'Guangzhou, China', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Shi', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib29'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '479', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25707', 'article-title': 'Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systemic ' 'Review', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Medical Virology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1136', 'DOI': '10.2353/ajpath.2007.061088', 'article-title': 'Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome', 'volume': '170', 'author': 'Gu', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'American Journal of Pathology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib32', 'first-page': '2', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy', 'author': 'Cao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature Reviews'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib33', 'first-page': '162', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Carabelli', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Microbiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI137647', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging', 'author': 'Pedersen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Clinical Investigation'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '243', 'DOI': '10.3390/v11030243', 'article-title': 'Viral Infection of Human Natural Killer Cells', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'van-Erp', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Viruses'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1708', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2002032', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Guan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib37', 'first-page': '2012', 'article-title': 'Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical ' 'characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Meo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '130', 'DOI': '10.1111/resp.13196', 'article-title': 'MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Yin', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Respirology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'W. Wang, Y. Xu, R. Gao, et al., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different ' 'types of clinical specimens, Journal of American Medical Association ' '2020 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786.', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.3786'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Z. Wu, J. M. McGoogan, Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the ' 'Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a ' 'Report of 72314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and ' 'Prevention, Journal of the American Medical Association (2020) E1-E4. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648.', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.2648'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '502', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential ' 'evidence for persistent faecal viral shedding', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Xu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature Medicals'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib42', 'unstructured': 'M. Cascella, M. Rajnik, A. Cuomo, et al., Features, Evaluation and ' 'Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19), Treasure Island (2020). ' 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1199', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001316', 'article-title': 'Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel ' 'Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '970', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2001468', 'article-title': 'Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in ' 'Germany', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Rothe', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'New England Journal of Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib45', 'article-title': 'Airflow Dynamics of Human Jets: Sneezing and Breathing - Potential ' 'Sources of Infectious Aerosols', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Tang', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'PloS One'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1054', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with ' 'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '693', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00982-5', 'article-title': 'Influenza', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Uyeki', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1036', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026', 'article-title': 'Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives the development of ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Blanco-Melo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib49', 'first-page': '420', 'article-title': 'Pathological findings of Covid-19 associated with acute respiratory ' 'distress syndrome', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Xu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '93', 'DOI': '10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.08.002', 'article-title': 'Structural insights into coronavirus entry', 'volume': '105', 'author': 'Tortorici', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Advance Virus Research'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib51', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '290', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-020-2349-y', 'article-title': 'Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV ' 'antibody', 'volume': '583', 'author': 'Pinto', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib52', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0', 'article-title': 'The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease ' '2019(COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the Status', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Guo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Military Medical Research'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib53', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '706', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x', 'article-title': 'Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and ' 'fusogenicity', 'volume': '603', 'author': 'Meng', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib54', 'article-title': 'Severely ill COVID-19 patients display impaired exhaustion features in ' 'SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Kusnadi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci Immunol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib55', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a ' 'clinically proven protease inhibitor', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'Hoffmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib56', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI137244', 'article-title': 'Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus ' 'disease-2019', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Clinical Investigation'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib57', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S3', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.980', 'article-title': 'Overview of the Immune Response', 'volume': '125', 'author': 'Chaplin', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology'}, { 'journal-title': 'medRxiv', 'article-title': 'Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Diao', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib58'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1891', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2018.01891', 'article-title': 'Increased virulence of an epidemic strain of vesicular stomatitis virus ' 'is associated with interference of the innate response in pigs', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Velazquez-Salinas', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Frontiers in Microbiology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '174', 'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.0903548', 'article-title': 'Expression of Costimulatory TNFR2 Induces Resistance of CD4+FoxP3- ' 'Conventional T Cells to Suppression by CD4+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells', 'volume': '185', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Immunology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '181', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.007', 'article-title': 'Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage ' 'responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected Mice', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Channappanavar', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Cell Host and Microbe'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '881', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014', 'article-title': 'Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae', 'volume': '185', 'author': 'Su', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib63', 'unstructured': 'WHO, Report of the WHO–China Joint Mission on coronavirus disease 2019 ' '(COVID-19), (2020). ' 'https://www.who.int/publications-detail/report-of-the-who-china-joint-mission-on-coronavirus-disease-2019-(COVID-19).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib64', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12933-017-0604-9', 'article-title': 'Oxidative stress and inflammation as central mediators of atrial ' 'fibrillation in obesity and diabetes', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Karam', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Cardiovascular Diabetology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib65', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '369', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006', 'article-title': 'Inflammation as “common soil” of the multifactorial diseases', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Scrivo', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Autoimmune Review'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '424', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25685', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus Infections and Immune Responses', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Medical Virology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e692', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00171-4', 'article-title': 'Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by ' 'vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort study', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Zhu', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Microbe'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib68', 'first-page': '370', 'article-title': 'Acute respiratory distress revealing anti-synthetase syndrome', 'volume': '73', 'author': 'Maloir', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Revue Medicale de Liege'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib69', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1155/2019/6491738', 'article-title': 'Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Infection, ' 'Immunological Response, and Vaccine Development', 'volume': '2019', 'author': 'Mubarak', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Immunology Research'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib70', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '135', 'DOI': '10.1042/BJ20050698', 'article-title': 'Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS ' 'coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors', 'volume': '392', 'author': 'Yang', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'The Biochemical Journal'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib71', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'C. Qin, L. Zhou, Z. Hu, et al., Dysregulation of immune responses in ' 'patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Clinical Infectious Disease ' '(2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248.', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa248'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib72', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110195', 'article-title': 'New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the ' 'respiratory system', 'volume': '127', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib73', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '533', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2', 'article-title': 'Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Zheng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cellular and Molecular Immunology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib74', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e692', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00171-4', 'article-title': 'Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by ' 'vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort study', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Zhu', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Microbe'}, { 'journal-title': 'The Lancet', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 ' 'pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centre, retrospective, ' 'observational study', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Yang', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib75'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib76', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '201', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009', 'article-title': "The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defence " 'system', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Nieman', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Journal of Sport Health Science'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib77', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '484', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41577-021-00646-4', 'article-title': 'Immune ageing at single-cell resolution', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Mogilenko', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib78', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '496', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61266-5', 'article-title': 'Acute pneumonia and the cardiovascular system', 'volume': '381', 'author': 'Corrales-Medina', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib79', 'first-page': '372', 'article-title': 'Severe covid-19 pneumonia: pathogenesis and clinical management', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Attaway', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib80', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '96', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13073-022-01100-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical implications of host genetic variation and susceptibility to ' 'severe or critical COVID-19', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'van der Made', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Genome Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib81', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '138', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.021', 'article-title': 'Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 ' 'survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'Mazza', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib82', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7', 'article-title': 'Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based ' 'analysis', 'author': 'Verity', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'The Lancet Infectious Disease'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib83', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '715', 'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-139-9-200311040-00005', 'article-title': 'Outcomes and prognostic factors in 267 patients with severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong', 'volume': '139', 'author': 'Choi', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Annals of Internal Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib84', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '286', 'DOI': '10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209313', 'article-title': 'Predictors of mortality in the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)', 'volume': '73', 'author': 'Hong', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Thorax'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib85', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '75', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41577-022-00751-y', 'article-title': 'DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Zhao', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib86', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '576', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4', 'article-title': 'Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Franceschi', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Endocrinol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib87', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1080/19490976.2023.2290320', 'article-title': 'Disentangling the age-related manner in the associations between gut ' "microbiome and women's health: a multi-cohort microbiome study", 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Dong', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Gut Microbes'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib88', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '171', 'DOI': '10.1126/scitranslmed.3004794', 'article-title': 'Lineage structure of the human antibody repertoire in response to ' 'influenza vaccination', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Jiang', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Science Translational Medicine'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib89', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205', 'article-title': 'Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Chen', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ageing Res Rev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib90', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2801', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.289.21.JOC30885', 'article-title': 'Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in ' 'the greater Toronto area', 'volume': '289', 'author': 'Booth', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Journal of American Medical Association'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib91', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '686', 'DOI': '10.1136/thorax.58.8.686', 'article-title': 'Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in ' 'adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Chan', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Thorax'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib92', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '243', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001', 'article-title': 'Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe', 'volume': '186', 'author': 'López-Otín', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'journal-title': 'Preprint at medRxiv', 'article-title': 'Restoration of leukomonocyte counts is associated with viral clearance ' 'in COVID-19 hospitalized patients', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Chen', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib93'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib94', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '33', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30417-3', 'article-title': 'Age-sex specific pulmonary embolism-related mortality in the USA and ' 'Canada, 2000-18: an analysis of the WHO Mortality Database and of the ' 'CDC Multiple Cause of Death database', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Barco', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib95', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '709', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00159-5', 'article-title': 'Respiratory sequelae of COVID-19: pulmonary and extrapulmonary origins, ' 'and approaches to clinical care and rehabilitation', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Singh', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib96', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological ' 'features and hypotheses', 'author': 'Raoult', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Stress'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib97', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '973', 'DOI': '10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Ng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Gut'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib98', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541', 'article-title': 'Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Baarz', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Ageing Res Rev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib99', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '340', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15020340', 'article-title': 'Association of Serum Zinc and Inflammatory Markers with the Severity of ' 'COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Almasaud', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0029665123004792', 'article-title': 'Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Calder', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Proc Nutr Soc'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib101', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1080/07853890.2023.2265298', 'article-title': 'Approach to COVID-19 in older adults and indications for improving the ' 'outcomes', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Tana', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Ann Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib102', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12041181', 'article-title': 'Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System is an ' 'Important Factor to Protect Against Viral Infections', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Calder', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib103', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1003999', 'article-title': 'High-dose versus standard-dose vitamin D supplementation in older ' 'adults with COVID-19 (COVIT-TRIAL): A multicenter, open-label, ' 'randomized controlled superiority trial', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Annweiler', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib104', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '300', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y', 'article-title': 'Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients ' 'despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Carr', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Critical Care'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib105', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1745', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2023.21407', 'article-title': 'Intravenous Vitamin C for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Two ' 'Harmonized Randomized Clinical Trials', 'volume': '330', 'author': 'Adhikari', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib106', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2', 'article-title': 'Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?', 'author': 'Mitchell', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology'}, { 'journal-title': 'med Rxiv', 'article-title': 'Vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review ' 'protocol', 'year': '2020', 'author': 'Baladia', 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib107'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib108', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1261', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2019.11825', 'article-title': 'Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of ' 'inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe ' 'acute respiratory failure: the CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '322', 'author': 'Fowler', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Journal of American Medical Association'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib109', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160', 'article-title': 'Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, ' 'Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Frontiers in Immunology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '367', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015', 'article-title': 'Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on ' 'COVID-19: A review', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Jayawardena', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib111', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2245', 'DOI': '10.18632/aging.101319', 'article-title': 'Towards natural mimetics of metformin and rapamycin', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Aliper', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Aging'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib112', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '45010', 'DOI': '10.18632/oncotarget.6878', 'article-title': 'Inhibitors of mTOR in ageing and cancer', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Zhavoronkov', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Oncotarget'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib113', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '23238', 'DOI': '10.18632/oncotarget.4836', 'article-title': 'Dual mTORC1/C2 inhibitors suppress cellular geroconversion (a ' 'senescence program)', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Leontieva', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Oncotarget'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib114', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19405', 'DOI': '10.18632/oncotarget.3740', 'article-title': 'Rejuvenating immunity: anti-ageing drug today eight years later', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Blagosklonny', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Oncotarget'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib115', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '62', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41421-022-00428-9', 'article-title': 'A trifunctional peptide broadly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron ' 'variants in hamsters', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Zhao', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Cell Discov'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib116', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128366', 'article-title': 'Identification of tuna protein-derived peptides as potent SARS-CoV-2 ' 'inhibitors via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation', 'volume': '342', 'author': 'Yu', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Food Chem'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib117', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1002/anie.202301147', 'article-title': 'Precise Epitope Organization with Self-adjuvant Framework Nucleic Acid ' 'for Efficient COVID-19 Peptide Vaccine Construction', 'volume': '62', 'author': 'Shen', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Angew Chem Int Ed Engl'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib118', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422', 'article-title': 'Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related ' 'diseases or longevity?', 'volume': '71', 'author': 'Santoro', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ageing Res Rev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib119', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'X. Wang, X. Fang, Z. Cai, et al., Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute ' 'Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and ' 'Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis, ' 'Research 2020 (2020) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/2402961.', 'DOI': '10.34133/2020/2402961'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154407', 'article-title': 'Mediterranean diet as a nutritional approach for COVID-19', 'volume': '114', 'author': 'Angelidi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Metabolism'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib121', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1721', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13051721', 'article-title': 'Mediterranean Diet and SARS-COV-2 Infection: Is There Any Association? ' 'A Proof-of-Concept Study', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Ponzo', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib122', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1596', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.006', 'article-title': 'Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic ' 'Review of Observational Studies', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Sharma', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib123', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1080/19490976.2023.2229938', 'article-title': 'Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 ' 'specific antibody response in healthy adults: a randomized, ' 'triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Forsgård', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Gut Microbes'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib124', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899', 'article-title': 'Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 ' 'outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Gutiérrez-Castrellón', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Gut Microbes'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib125', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1002/rmv.2204', 'article-title': 'Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid-19 illness ' 'in resource-limited settings', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Midha', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Rev Med Virol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib126', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1509', 'DOI': '10.3390/vaccines11091509', 'article-title': 'Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response ' 'to COVID-19 Vaccine', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Kofahi', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Vaccines (Basel)'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131394', 'article-title': 'Molecular docking and dynamics studies of Nicotinamide Riboside as a ' 'potential multi-target nutraceutical against SARS-CoV-2 entry, ' 'replication, and transcription: A new insight', 'volume': '1247', 'author': 'Esam', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J Mol Struct'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib128', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2777', 'DOI': '10.3390/microorganisms11112777', 'article-title': 'Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute ' 'Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ' 'Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Moatasim', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Microorganisms'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib129', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1172', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13041172', 'article-title': 'Vitamin C in the Treatment of COVID-19', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Milani', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib130', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3252', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14163252', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D Status and Mortality from SARS CoV-2: A Prospective Study of ' 'Unvaccinated Caucasian Adults', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Barrett', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib131', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '194', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.026', 'article-title': 'Do the oxidative stress biomarkers predict COVID-19 outcome? An ' 'in-hospital cohort study', 'volume': '207', 'author': 'Neves', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Free Radic Biol Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib132', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '626', 'DOI': '10.1111/all.14595', 'article-title': 'Dexamethasone, pro-resolving lipid mediators and resolution of ' 'inflammation in COVID-19', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'Andreakos', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Allergy'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib133', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1225', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jiph.2022.09.011', 'article-title': 'Selenium and COVID-19: A spotlight on the clinical trials, inventive ' 'compositions, and patent literature', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Alshammari', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Public Health'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib134', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5682', 'DOI': '10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682', 'article-title': 'Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, ' 'antioxidants and nutrition', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Ristic-Medic', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'World J Gastroenterol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib135', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '326', 'DOI': '10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790', 'article-title': 'Zinc and SARS-CoV-2: A molecular modeling study of Zn interactions with ' 'RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and 3C-like proteinase enzymes', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'Pormohammad', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib136', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '875', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.011', 'article-title': 'GDF15: an emerging modulator of immunity and a strategy in COVID-19 in ' 'association with iron metabolism', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Rochette', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Trends Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib137', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107613', 'article-title': 'Therapeutic potential of resveratrol against emerging respiratory viral ' 'infections', 'volume': '214', 'author': 'Filardo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol Ther'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib138', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2639', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu15112639', 'article-title': 'Comparison of Vitamin D and Resveratrol Performances in COVID-19', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Russo', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib139', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e105', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30068-4', 'article-title': 'The potential of rapalogs to enhance resilience against SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection and reduce the severity of COVID-19', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Bischof', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Healthy Longev'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422_bib140', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1463', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.004', 'article-title': 'Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates ' 'NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation', 'volume': '54', 'author': 'Xian', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Immunity'}], 'container-title': 'Journal of Agriculture and Food Research', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666154324004599?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666154324004599?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 9, 18]], 'date-time': '2024-09-18T09:26:11Z', 'timestamp': 1726651571000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666154324004599'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9]]}, 'references-count': 140, 'alternative-id': ['S2666154324004599'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2666-1543'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Journal of Agriculture and Food Research', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 9]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Anti-inflammatory and Nutritional Interventions Against SARS-CoV-2: A ' 'Comprehensive Review', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Journal of Agriculture and Food Research', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101422', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '101422'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit