Zinc and selenium status in coronavirus disease 2019
Liding Fan, Yanshuo Cui, Zonghao Liu, Jiayue Guo, Xiaohui Gong, Yunfei Zhang, Weihao Tang, Jiahe Zhao, Qingjie Xue
BioMetals, doi:10.1007/s10534-023-00501-0
We systematically analyzed and attempted to discuss the possibility that deficiencies of zinc or selenium were associated with the incidence and severity of COVID-19. We searched for published and unpublished articles in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane up to 9 February 2023. And we selected healthy individuals, mild/severe, and even deceased COVID-19 patients to analyze their serum data. Data related to 2319 patients from 20 studies were analyzed. In the mild/severe group, zinc deficiency was associated with the degree of severe disease (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.68, I 2 = 50.5%) and we got an Egger's test of p = 0.784; but selenium deficiency was not associated with the degree of severe disease (SMD = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.98-0.93, I 2 = 96.7%). In the surviving/death group, zinc deficiency was not associated with mortality of COVID-19 (SMD = 1.66, 95%CI − 1.42-4.47), nor was selenium (SMD = − 0.16, 95%CI − 1.33-1.01). In the risk group, zinc deficiency was positively associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 (SMD = 1.21, 95% CI 0.96-1.46, I 2 = 54.3%) and selenium deficiency was also positively associated with the prevalence of it (SMD = 1.16, 95% CI 0.71-1.61, I 2 = 58.3%). Currently, serum zinc and selenium deficiencies increase the incidence of COVID-19 and zinc deficiency exacerbates the disease; however, neither zinc nor selenium was associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Nevertheless, our conclusions may change when new clinical studies are published.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s10534-023-00501-0. Author contributions QX conceived ideas, analyzed data; LF drafted the manuscript, contributed towards the conception; YC, ZL, JG, XG, YZ, WT, and JZ made great efforts to polish and revise the manuscript. All the authors provided critical review and approved the final manuscript before submission.
Funding
Data availability The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the PubMed, Embase and, WOS repository.
Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval Not applicable. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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'ISSN': ['0966-0844', '1572-8773'],
'subject': [ 'Metals and Alloys', 'General Agricultural and Biological Sciences',
'General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology', 'Biomaterials'],
'container-title-short': 'Biometals',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 20]]},
'assertion': [ { 'value': '28 November 2022',
'order': 1,
'name': 'received',
'label': 'Received',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{ 'value': '3 April 2023',
'order': 2,
'name': 'accepted',
'label': 'Accepted',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{ 'value': '20 April 2023',
'order': 3,
'name': 'first_online',
'label': 'First Online',
'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}},
{'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}},
{ 'value': 'The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.',
'order': 2,
'name': 'Ethics',
'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}},
{ 'value': 'Not applicable.',
'order': 3,
'name': 'Ethics',
'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethical Approval'}},
{ 'value': 'This content has been made available to all.',
'name': 'free',
'label': 'Free to read'}]}
