Zinc Supplementation Associated With a Decrease in Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 11]], 'date-time': '2023-06-11T04:17:48Z', 'timestamp': 1686457068368}, 'reference-count': 30, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 10]]}, 'DOI': '10.7759/cureus.40231', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-06-10T20:27:10Z', 'timestamp': 1686428830000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Zinc Supplementation Associated With a Decrease in Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A ' 'Meta-Analysis', 'prefix': '10.7759', 'author': [ {'given': 'Spencer Z', 'family': 'Rheingold', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Chirag', 'family': 'Raval', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Antonio M', 'family': 'Gordon', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Patrick', 'family': 'Hardigan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'unstructured': 'WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. (2022). Accessed. August 14, 2022: ' 'https://covid19.who.int/.'}, { 'key': 'ref2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with ' 'COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Zhou F', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al.. Clinical course and risk factors for ' 'mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a ' 'retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020, 395:1054-62. ' '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.1585', 'article-title': 'Zinc supplementation associated with a decrease in mortality in ' 'COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Wang D', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al.. Zinc supplementation associated with a ' 'decrease in mortality in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020, ' '323:1061-9. 10.1001/jama.2020.1585', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': 'ref4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.008', 'article-title': 'Analysis of the predictive factors for a critical illness of COVID-19 ' 'during treatment－relationship between serum zinc level and critical ' 'illness of COVID-19', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Yasui Y', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Yasui Y, Yasui H, Suzuki K, et al.. Analysis of the predictive factors ' 'for a critical illness of COVID-19 during treatment－relationship between ' 'serum zinc level and critical illness of COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. ' '2020, 100:230-6. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.008', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': 'ref5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu9060624', 'article-title': 'Zinc in infection and inflammation', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Gammoh NZ', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Gammoh NZ, Rink L. Zinc in infection and inflammation. Nutrients. 2017, ' '9:624. 10.3390/nu9060624', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': 'ref6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1017/s0029665100000781', 'article-title': 'Zinc and the immune system', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Rink L', 'year': '2000', 'unstructured': 'Rink L, Gabriel P. Zinc and the immune system. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000, ' '59:541-52. 10.1017/s0029665100000781', 'journal-title': 'Proc Nutr Soc'}, { 'key': 'ref7', 'article-title': 'Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, ' 'Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, ' 'Vanadium, and Zinc', 'author': 'Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients', 'year': '2001', 'unstructured': 'Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference ' 'Intakes: Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, ' 'Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. ' 'National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 2001.'}, { 'key': 'ref8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature01523', 'article-title': 'The voltage dependence of NADPH oxidase reveals why phagocytes need ' 'proton channels', 'volume': '422', 'author': 'DeCoursey TE', 'year': '2003', 'unstructured': 'DeCoursey TE, Morgan D, Cherny VV. The voltage dependence of NADPH ' 'oxidase reveals why phagocytes need proton channels. Nature. 2003, ' '422:531-4. 10.1038/nature01523', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': 'ref9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/1522-7243(200009/10)15:5<321::AID-BIO605>3.0.CO;2-O', 'article-title': 'Effects of zinc on the reactive oxygen species generating capacity of ' 'human neutrophils and on the serum opsonic activity in vitro', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Hasegawa H', 'year': '2000', 'unstructured': 'Hasegawa H, Suzuki K, Suzuki K, et al.. Effects of zinc on the reactive ' 'oxygen species generating capacity of human neutrophils and on the serum ' 'opsonic activity in vitro. Luminescence. 2000, 15:321-7. ' '10.1002/1522-7243(200009/10)15:5&lt;321::AID-BIO605&gt;3.0.CO;2-O', 'journal-title': 'Luminescence'}, { 'key': 'ref10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.011', 'article-title': 'The SLC39 family of zinc transporters', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'Jeong J', 'year': '2013', 'unstructured': 'Jeong J, Eide DJ. The SLC39 family of zinc transporters. Mol Aspects ' 'Med. 2013, 34:612-9. 10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.011', 'journal-title': 'Mol Aspects Med'}, { 'key': 'ref11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/biof.1114', 'article-title': 'Zinc signals and immune function', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Haase H', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Haase H, Rink L. Zinc signals and immune function. Biofactors. 2014, ' '40:27-40. 10.1002/biof.1114', 'journal-title': 'Biofactors'}, { 'key': 'ref12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575', 'article-title': 'Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID‑19 ' '(review)', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Skalny AV', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, et al.. Zinc and respiratory tract ' 'infections: perspectives for COVID‑19 (review). Int J Mol Med. 2020, ' '46:17-26. 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med'}, { 'key': 'ref13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.01543-08', 'article-title': 'Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol ' 'against picornavirus infections', 'volume': '83', 'author': 'Krenn BM', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Krenn BM, Gaudernak E, Holzer B, Lanke K, Van Kuppeveld FJ, Seipelt J. ' 'Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol ' 'against picornavirus infections. J Virol. 2009, 83:58-64. ' '10.1128/JVI.01543-08', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'key': 'ref14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.2174/1874306401105010051', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic review', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Hemilä H', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Hemilä H. Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematic ' 'review. Open Respir Med J. 2011, 5:51-8. 10.2174/1874306401105010051', 'journal-title': 'Open Respir Med J'}, { 'key': 'ref15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1177/095632020701800302', 'article-title': 'Effect of oral gavage treatment with ZnAL42 and other metallo-ion ' 'formulations on influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 virus infections in mice', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Barnard DL', 'year': '2007', 'unstructured': 'Barnard DL, Wong MH, Bailey K, Day CW, Sidwell RW, Hickok SS, Hall TJ. ' 'Effect of oral gavage treatment with ZnAL42 and other metallo-ion ' 'formulations on influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 virus infections in mice. ' 'Antivir Chem Chemother. 2007, 18:125-32. 10.1177/095632020701800302', 'journal-title': 'Antivir Chem Chemother'}, { 'key': 'ref16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176', 'article-title': 'Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in ' 'vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in ' 'cell culture', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'te Velthuis AJ', 'year': '2010', 'unstructured': 'te Velthuis AJ, van den Worm SH, Sims AC, Baric RS, Snijder EJ, van ' 'Hemert MJ. Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase ' 'activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these ' 'viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6:e1001176. ' '10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Pathog'}, { 'key': 'ref17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790', 'article-title': 'Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: a molecular modeling\xa0study of Zn interactions ' 'with RNA‑dependent\xa0RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'Pormohammad A', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Pormohammad A, Monych NK, Turner RJ. Zinc and SARS‑CoV‑2: a molecular ' 'modeling\xa0study of Zn interactions with RNA‑dependent\xa0' 'RNA‑polymerase and 3C‑like proteinase enzymes. Int J Mol Med. 2021, ' '47:326-34. 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4790', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Med'}, { 'key': 'ref18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abb2762', 'article-title': 'Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ' 'ACE2', 'volume': '367', 'author': 'Yan R', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xia L, Guo Y, Zhou Q. Structural basis for the ' 'recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science. 2020, ' '367:1444-8. 10.1126/science.abb2762', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': 'ref19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1067.4', 'article-title': 'Concentration-dependent effects of zinc on angiotensin-converting ' 'enzyme-2 activity', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Speth R', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Speth R, Carrera E, Jean-Baptiste M, et al.. Concentration-dependent ' 'effects of zinc on angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 activity. The FASEB ' 'Journal. 2014, 28:1067-4. 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1067.4', 'journal-title': 'The FASEB Journal'}, { 'key': 'ref20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0109180', 'article-title': 'Chloroquine is a zinc ionophore', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Xue J', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Xue J, Moyer A, Peng B, Wu J, Hannafon BN, Ding WQ. Chloroquine is a ' 'zinc ionophore. PLoS One. 2014, 9:e109180. 10.1371/journal.pone.0109180', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'key': 'ref21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938', 'article-title': 'New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against ' 'coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Devaux CA', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Devaux CA, Rolain JM, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral ' 'effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for ' 'COVID-19?. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020, 55:105938. ' '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': 'ref22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-021-03785-1', 'article-title': 'Evaluation of zinc sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 ' 'critically ill patients: a two center propensity-score matched study', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Al Sulaiman K', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O, Al Shaya AI, et al.. Evaluation of zinc ' 'sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a ' 'two center propensity-score matched study. Crit Care. 2021, 25:363. ' '10.1186/s13054-021-03785-1', 'journal-title': 'Crit Care'}, { 'key': 'ref23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1099/jmm.0.001250', 'article-title': 'Zinc sulfate in combination with a zinc ionophore may improve outcomes ' 'in hospitalized COVID-19 patients', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Carlucci PM', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Carlucci PM, Ahuja T, Petrilli C, Rajagopalan H, Jones S, Rahimian J. ' 'Zinc sulfate in combination with a zinc ionophore may improve outcomes ' 'in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Microbiol. 2020, 69:1228-34. ' '10.1099/jmm.0.001250', 'journal-title': 'J Med Microbiol'}, { 'key': 'ref24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2021.756707', 'article-title': 'A case-control study for the effectiveness of oral zinc in the ' 'prevention and mitigation of COVID-19', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Gordon AM', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Gordon AM, Hardigan PC. A case-control study for the effectiveness of ' 'oral zinc in the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. Front Med ' '(Lausanne). 2021, 8:756707. 10.3389/fmed.2021.756707', 'journal-title': 'Front Med (Lausanne)'}, { 'key': 'ref25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369', 'article-title': 'Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual ' 'care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Covid a to Z randomized clinical trial', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Thomas S', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Thomas S, Patel D, Bittel B, et al.. Effect of high-dose zinc and ' 'ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and ' 'reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Covid ' 'a to Z randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021, 4:e210369. ' '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'key': 'ref26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-020-02512-1', 'article-title': 'Do zinc supplements enhance the clinical efficacy of ' 'hydroxychloroquine?: a randomized, multicenter trial', 'volume': '199', 'author': 'Abd-Elsalam S', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Abd-Elsalam S, Soliman S, Esmail ES, et al.. Do zinc supplements enhance ' 'the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine?: a randomized, multicenter ' 'trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021, 199:3642-6. 10.1007/s12011-020-02512-1', 'journal-title': 'Biol Trace Elem Res'}, { 'key': 'ref27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-82862-5', 'article-title': 'Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Elezkurtaj S', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Elezkurtaj S, Greuel S, Ihlow J, et al.. Causes of death and ' 'comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021, ' '11:4263. 10.1038/s41598-021-82862-5', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'key': 'ref28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40001-022-00694-z', 'article-title': 'Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Tabatabaeizadeh SA', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Tabatabaeizadeh SA. Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a ' 'meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2022, 27:70. 10.1186/s40001-022-00694-z', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Med Res'}, { 'key': 'ref29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.20452/pamw.16048', 'article-title': 'Should we supplement zinc in COVID-19 patients? Evidence from a ' 'meta-analysis', 'volume': '131', 'author': 'Szarpak L', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Szarpak L, Pruc M, Gasecka A, et al.. Should we supplement zinc in ' 'COVID-19 patients? Evidence from a meta-analysis. Pol Arch Intern Med. ' '2021, 131:802-7. 10.20452/pamw.16048', 'journal-title': 'Pol Arch Intern Med'}, { 'key': 'ref30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474', 'article-title': 'Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract ' 'infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of ' 'randomised controlled trials', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Hunter J', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al.. Zinc for the prevention or ' 'treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ ' 'Open. 2021, 11:e047474. 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474', 'journal-title': 'BMJ Open'}], 'container-title': 'Cureus', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.cureus.com/articles/141805-zinc-supplementation-associated-with-a-decrease-in-mortality-in-covid-19-patients-a-meta-analysis', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-06-10T20:27:15Z', 'timestamp': 1686428835000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://www.cureus.com/articles/141805-zinc-supplementation-associated-with-a-decrease-in-mortality-in-covid-19-patients-a-meta-analysis'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 10]]}, 'references-count': 30, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40231', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2168-8184'], 'subject': ['Aerospace Engineering'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 10]]}}