Evaluation of Zinc Sulfate as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients: a Two Center Propensity-score Matched Study

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 19]], 'date-time': '2024-02-19T13:47:08Z', 'timestamp': 1708350428179}, 'reference-count': 30, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-10-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1634515200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-10-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1634515200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 12]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Zinc is a trace element that plays a role in stimulating innate and ' 'acquired immunity. The role of zinc in critically ill patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. ' 'This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zinc sulfate as adjunctive therapy in ' 'critically ill patients with COVID-19.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Patients aged\u2009≥\u200918\xa0years with COVID-19 who were ' 'admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were ' 'retrospectively assessed for zinc use from\xa0March\xa01, 2020 until March\xa031, 2021. ' 'After propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) based on the selected criteria, we assessed the ' 'association of zinc used as adjunctive therapy with the 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes ' 'included the in-hospital mortality, ventilator free days, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital ' 'LOS, and complication (s) during ICU stay.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A total of 164 patients were included, 82 patients received zinc. ' 'Patients who received zinc sulfate as adjunctive therapy have a lower 30-day mortality (HR ' '0.52, CI 0.29, 0.92;\xa0<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). On the other hand, ' 'the in-hospital mortality was not statistically significant between the two groups (HR 0.64, ' 'CI 0.37–1.10;\xa0<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.11). Zinc sulfate use was ' 'associated with a lower odds of acute kidney injury development during ICU stay (OR 0.46 CI ' '0.19–1.06;\xa0<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07); however, it did not reach ' 'statistical significance.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>The use of zinc sulfate as an additional treatment in critically ill ' 'COVID-19 patients may improve survival. Furthermore, zinc supplementation may have a ' 'protective effect on the kidneys.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-021-03785-1', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2021-10-18T22:54:38Z', 'timestamp': 1634597678000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 16, 'title': 'Evaluation of zinc sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients: a two ' 'center propensity-score matched study', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '25', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-2043', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Khalid', 'family': 'Al Sulaiman', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ohoud', 'family': 'Aljuhani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Abdulrahman I.', 'family': 'Al Shaya', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Abdullah', 'family': 'Kharbosh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raed', 'family': 'Kensara', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alhomaidi', 'family': 'Al Guwairy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Aisha', 'family': 'Alharbi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Rahmah', 'family': 'Algarni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shmeylan', 'family': 'Al Harbi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ramesh', 'family': 'Vishwakarma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ghazwa B.', 'family': 'Korayem', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10, 18]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '3785_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '497', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'C Huang', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. 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Participants' confidentiality was strictly observed " 'throughout the study using the anonymous unique serial number for each subject ' 'and restricting data only to the investigators. Informed consent was not ' "required due to the research's method as per the policy of the governmental and " 'local research center.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not applicable.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare that they have no competing interests.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '363'}