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All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Hospitalization 89% Improvement Relative Risk Case 28% Zinc for COVID-19  Fromonot et al.  Sufficiency Are zinc levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Prospective study of 240 patients in France Lower hospitalization (p=0.002) and fewer cases (p=0.003) c19early.org Fromonot et al., Clinical Nutrition, May 2021 Favors zinc Favors control

Hypozincemia in the early stage of COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19

Fromonot et al., Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.042
May 2021  
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Zinc for COVID-19
2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020
 
*, now known with p = 0.0000013 from 44 studies, recognized in 10 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Analysis of 240 consecutive patients in France, showing significantly higher zinc deficiency in COVID-19 patients, and significantly greater risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 patients with zinc deficiency. 2020PI087.
risk of hospitalization, 89.2% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.002, high zinc levels 6 of 110 (5.5%), low zinc levels 7 of 42 (16.7%), NNT 8.9, inverted to make RR<1 favor high zinc levels, odds ratio converted to relative risk, within COVID-19 patients.
risk of case, 27.6% lower, RR 0.72, p = 0.003, high zinc levels 110 of 188 (58.5%), low zinc levels 42 of 52 (80.8%), NNT 4.5.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Fromonot et al., 3 May 2021, prospective, France, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
This PaperZincAll
Hypozincemia in the early stage of COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19
Julien Fromonot, Mickael Gette, Amin Ben Lassoued, Jean-Louis Guéant, Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Régis Guieu
Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.042
Background & aims: Nutritional predisposition to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Zinc deficiency could be critical since it is associated with a higher susceptibility to infections. We evaluated the prevalence of hypozincemia in the early stage of COVID-19, its association with risk factors for severe COVID-19 and its prognostic value for hospitalization for respiratory complications within 10 days. Methods: For 152 COVID-19 patients and 88 non-COVID-19 patients admitted to COVID-19 screening centers, national early warning score for COVID-19 (NEWS) and laboratory analyses were performed to identify the risk for severe COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed whether hypozincemia was an independent predictor of hospitalization for respiratory complications within 10 days (primary judgment criterion). The secondary judgment criteria were high NEWS score (!7), comorbidities and biomarkers associated with severe COVID-19. Results: Hypozincemia was more frequent in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (27.6% vs 11.4%; p ¼ 0.003). Older patients (!65 years) and medically assisted nursing home residents were at higher risk of hypozincemia (p < 0.01). Hypozincemia was associated with a worse NEWS score (p < 0.01) and lymphopenia (p < 0.001). Hypozincemia was independently associated with hospitalization for respiratory complications within 10 days (OR ¼ 10.9, 95% CI ¼ 2.3e51.6, p ¼ 0.002). Conclusions: In the early stage of COVID-19, the prevalence of hypozincemia exceeded 20%. Hypozincemia was an independent predictor of hospitalization for respiratory complications within 10 days. This may suggest the importance of early detection and treatment of zinc deficiency in the nutritional management of COVID-19, especially in older people. Therefore, intervention and adjuvant treatment trials are strongly needed.
Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
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Barazzoni, Bischoff, Breda, Wickramasinghe, Krznaric et al., Endorsed by the ESPEN council. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Clin Nutr, doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022
Carlucci, Ahuja, Petrilli, Rajagopalan, Jones et al., Zinc sulfate in combination with a zinc ionophore may improve outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, J Med Microbiol, doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001250
De Benoist, Hill, Davidsson, Fontaine, Hotz, Conclusions of the Joint WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZiNCG interagency meeting on zinc status indicators, Food Nutr Bull, doi:10.1177/15648265070283s306
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Guan, Ni, Hu, Liang, Ou et al., China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032
Heller, Sun, Hackler, Seelig, Seibert et al., Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker, Redox Biol, doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764
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