Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All zinc studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchZincZinc (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Prediction of Survival Odds in COVID-19 by Zinc, Age and Selenoprotein P as Composite Biomarker

Heller et al., Redox Biology, doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764
Oct 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Zinc for COVID-19
2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020
 
*, now with p = 0.00000032 from 46 studies, recognized in 17 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 98 treatments. c19early.org
Analysis of 35 COVID-19 patients showing a significant correlation for serum zinc levels between COVID-19 patients and controls, and between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.
Heller et al., 20 Oct 2020, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.
This PaperZincAll
Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker
Raban Arved Heller, Qian Sun, Julian Hackler, Julian Seelig, Linda Seibert, Asan Cherkezov, Waldemar B Minich, Petra Seemann, Joachim Diegmann, Maximilian Pilz, Manuel Bachmann, Alireza Ranjbar, Arash Moghaddam, Lutz Schomburg
Redox Biology, doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764
SARS-CoV-2 infections cause the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and challenge the immune system with ongoing inflammation. Several redox-relevant micronutrients are known to contribute to an adequate immune response, including the essential trace elements zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that COVID-19 patients are characterised by Zn deficiency and that Zn status provides prognostic information. Serum Zn was determined in serum samples (n = 171) collected consecutively from patients surviving COVID-19 (n = 29) or non-survivors (n = 6). Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were used for comparison. Zn concentrations in patient samples were low as compared to healthy subjects (mean ± SD; 717.4 ± 246.2 vs 975.7 ± 294.0 μg/L, P < 0.0001). The majority of serum samples collected at different time points from the non-survivors (25/34, i.e., 73.5%) and almost half of the samples collected from the survivors (56/137, i.e., 40.9%) were below the threshold for Zn deficiency, i.e., below 638.7 μg/L (the 2.5th percentile in the EPIC cohort). In view that the Se status biomarker and Se transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is also particularly low in COVID-19, we tested the prevalence of a combined deficit, i.e., serum Zn below 638.7 μg/L and serum SELENOP below 2.56 mg/L. This combined deficit was observed in 0.15% of samples in the EPIC cohort of healthy subjects, in 19.7% of the samples collected from the surviving COVID-19 patients and in 50.0% of samples from the non-survivors. Accordingly, the composite biomarker (SELENOP and Zn with age) proved as a reliable indicator of survival in COVID-19 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 94.42%. We conclude that Zn and SELENOP status within the reference ranges indicate high survival odds in COVID-19, and assume that correcting a diagnostically proven deficit in Se and/or Zn by a personalised supplementation may support convalescence.
We acknowledge funding received towards the doctoral thesis of RAH from the Oskar-Helene-Heim Foundation, Berlin, Germany. Declaration of competing interest LS holds shares and PS serves as CEO of selenOmed GmbH, a company involved in Se status assessment and supplementation. The other authors declare no competing interest.
References
Akaike, Likelihood of a model and information criteria, J. Econom
Alker, Haase, Zinc and sepsis, Nutrients
Andreou, COVID-19: the potential role of copper and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a combination of candidate antiviral treatments against SARS-CoV-2, Vivo
Barman, Reference value for serum zinc level of adult population in Bangladesh, EJIFCC
Becker, Hypoxia reduces and redirects selenoprotein biosynthesis, Metallomics
Beigmohammadi, Impact of vitamins A, B, C, D, and E supplementation on improvement and mortality rate in ICU patients with coronavirus-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial, Trials
Bermano, Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19?, Br. J. Nutr
Besecker, A comparison of zinc metabolism, inflammation, and disease severity in critically ill infected and noninfected adults early after intensive care unit admission, Am. J. Clin. Nutr
Bettinger, Selenium levels in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study, Hepatology
Boschloo, Raised conditional level of significance for the 2 × 2-table when testing the equality of two probabilities, Stat. Neerl
Buljevac, Serum selenium concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, Acta Med. Croat
Burk, Hill, Regulation of selenium metabolism and transport, Annu. Rev. Nutr
Burk, Plasma selenium in patients with cirrhosis, Hepatology
Calder, Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections, Nutrients
Chakhtoura, Napoli, Hajj Fuleihan, Commentary: myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Metabolism
Cvijanovich, Zinc homeostasis in pediatric critical illness, Pediatr. Crit. Care Med
Dalamaga, Karampela, Mantzoros, Commentary: could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens?, Metab., Clin. Exp
Delong, Delong, Clarke-Pearson, Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach, Biometrics
Derwand, Scholz, Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?, Med. Hypotheses
Dhillon, Breuer, Hirst, COVID-19 breakthroughs: separating fact from fiction, FEBS J
Eby, Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold -a review and hypothesis, Med. Hypotheses
Enzmann, Treatment and preliminary outcomes of 150 acute care patients with COVID-19 in a rural health system in the Dakotas, Epidemiol. Infect
Fakhrolmobasheri, Selenium supplementation can relieve the clinical complications of COVID-19 and other similar viral infections, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res
Finzi, Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: a report on four patients, Int. J. Infect. Dis
Fisher, XV.-the correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Florea, Changes in zinc status and zinc transporters expression in whole blood of patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol
Forceville, Selenium, systemic immune response syndrome, sepsis, and outcome in critically ill patients, Crit. Care Med
Gao, The role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in macrophage function, J Immunol Res
Gasmi, Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management, Clin. Immunol
Gombart, Pierre, Maggini, A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection, Nutrients
Grandjean, Reference intervals for trace elements in blood: significance of risk factors, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest
Grant, Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths, Nutrients
Guillin, Selenium, selenoproteins and viral infection, Nutrients
Haase, Flow cytometric measurement of labile zinc in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Anal. Biochem
Haase, Schomburg, You'd better zinc-trace element homeostasis in infection and inflammation, Nutrients
Haase, Zinc signals are essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction in monocytes, J. Immunol
Hasan, Rink, Haase, Zinc signals in neutrophil granulocytes are required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, Innate Immun
Heller, Zinc concentration dynamics indicate neurological impairment odds after traumatic spinal cord injury, Antioxidants
Henrina, Lim, Pranata, COVID-19 and misinformation: how an infodemic fueled the prominence of vitamin D, Br. J. Nutr
Hiffler, Rakotoambinina, Selenium and RNA virus interactions: potential implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), Front Nutr
Hughes, Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort, Int. J. Canc
Hunter, Rapid review protocol: zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections, Integr Med Res
Ischia, Bolton, Patel, Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application, Metallomics
Kang, Rhie, Practice considerations on the use of investigational anti-COVID-19 medications: dosage, administration and monitoring, J. Clin. Pharm. Therapeut
Kieliszek, Lipinski, Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19), Med. Hypotheses
Kijima, The acute phase serum zinc concentration is a reliable biomarker for predicting the functional outcome after spinal cord injury, EBioMedicine
Kow, Hadi, Hasan, Vitamin D supplementation in influenza and COVID-19 infections comment on: "evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths, Nutrients
Kuhn, Package 'caret, Rice J
Kumar, Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19, Med. Hypotheses
Laird, Rhodes, Kenny, Vitamin D and inflammation: potential implications for severity of covid-19, Ir. Med. J
Lu, SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, N. Engl. J. Med
Martineau, Forouhi, Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer?, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
Martineau, Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data, BMJ
Mayor-Ibarguren, Busca-Arenzana, Robles-Marhuenda, A hypothesis for the possible role of zinc in the immunological pathways related to COVID-19 infection, Front. Immunol
Mcmaster, Serum copper and zinc in random samples of the population of Northern Ireland, Am. J. Clin. Nutr
Mitchell, Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?, Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Moghaddam, Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19, Nutrients
Prasad, Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Ann. Intern. Med
Razzaque, COVID-19 pandemic: can maintaining optimal zinc balance enhance host resistance?, Tohoku J. Exp. Med
Read, The role of zinc in antiviral immunity, Adv Nutr
Reider, Inadequacy of immune health nutrients: intakes in US adults, the 2005-2016 NHANES, Nutrients
Renko, Down-regulation of the hepatic selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery impairs selenium metabolism during the acute phase response in mice, Faseb. J
Robin, pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyse and compare ROC curves, BMC Bioinf
Roy, Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunityboosting nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID-19?, Phytother Res
Sazawal, Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial, Pediatrics
Schomburg, The other view: the trace element selenium as a micronutrient in thyroid disease, diabetes, and beyond, Hormones (Basel)
Schulte-Schrepping, Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment, Cell
Shankar, Prasad, Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection, Am. J. Clin. Nutr
Sheikh, Zinc influences innate immune responses in children with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea, J. Nutr
Sies, Jones, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol
Singh, Jain, Singh, Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection, Diabetes Metab Syndr
Sobocinski, Canterbury, Hepatic metallothionein induction in inflammation, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci
Spearman, The proof and measurement of association between two things, Am. J. Psychol
Stepien, Pre-diagnostic copper and zinc biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, Carcinogenesis
Stoedter, Selenium controls the sex-specific immune response and selenoprotein expression during the acute-phase response in mice, Biochem. J
Team, R: a language and environment for statistical computing, R. Found. Stat. Comput
Walson, Berkley, The impact of malnutrition on childhood infections, Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis
Weir, Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?, Clin. Med
Wessels, Rolles, Rink, The potential impact of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 pathogenesis, Front. Immunol
Wickham, Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation, R Package Version
Wickham, Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
Wickham, Wickham, Package 'tidyr'. Easily Tidy Data With'spread'and'gather ( )'Functions
Wong, Genome-level expression profiles in pediatric septic shock indicate a role for altered zinc homeostasis in poor outcome, Physiol. Genom
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention, Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
Wu, Nutritional modulation of immune function: analysis of evidence, mechanisms, and clinical relevance, Front. Immunol
Yao, The Minimal Effect of Zinc on the Survival of Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: an Observational Study
Youden, Index for rating diagnostic tests, Cancer
Zhang, Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China, Am. J. Clin. Nutr
Zhang, Selenium and selenoproteins in viral infection with potential relevance to COVID-19, Redox Biol
Zhang, Variable selection with stepwise and best subset approaches, Ann. Transl. Med
Zhou, Prevention of keshan disease by selenium supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Biol. Trace Elem. Res
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 13]], 'date-time': '2024-05-13T07:46:39Z', 'timestamp': 1715586399879}, 'reference-count': 92, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-01-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1609459200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 18]], 'date-time': '2020-10-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1602979200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001659', 'name': 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 10, 20]], 'date-time': '2020-10-20T15:55:33Z', 'timestamp': 1603209333000}, 'page': '101764', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 132, 'title': 'Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '38', 'author': [ {'given': 'Raban Arved', 'family': 'Heller', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4458-6555', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Qian', 'family': 'Sun', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Julian', 'family': 'Hackler', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Julian', 'family': 'Seelig', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Linda', 'family': 'Seibert', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Asan', 'family': 'Cherkezov', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Waldemar B.', 'family': 'Minich', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Petra', 'family': 'Seemann', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Joachim', 'family': 'Diegmann', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Maximilian', 'family': 'Pilz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Manuel', 'family': 'Bachmann', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Alireza', 'family': 'Ranjbar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Arash', 'family': 'Moghaddam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9445-1555', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Lutz', 'family': 'Schomburg', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '363', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3', 'article-title': 'Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling ' 'agents', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Sies', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12061735', 'article-title': 'Inadequacy of immune health nutrients: intakes in US adults, the ' '2005-2016 NHANES', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Reider', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '231', 'DOI': '10.1097/QCO.0000000000000448', 'article-title': 'The impact of malnutrition on childhood infections', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Walson', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1663', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2005073', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 infection in children', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Lu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'}, { 'issue': '1 Pt 1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1542/peds.102.1.1', 'article-title': 'Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory ' 'infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, ' 'controlled trial', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'Sazawal', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Pediatrics'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '98', 'DOI': '10.1007/s12011-018-1302-5', 'article-title': 'Prevention of keshan disease by selenium supplementation: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '186', 'author': 'Zhou', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Biol. Trace Elem. Res.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'i6583', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i6583', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract ' 'infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual ' 'participant data', 'volume': '356', 'author': 'Martineau', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12041181', 'article-title': 'Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an ' 'important factor to protect against viral infections', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Calder', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '108545', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545', 'article-title': 'Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management', 'author': 'Gasmi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Immunol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib10', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19?', 'author': 'Bermano', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Br. J. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '3 Suppl', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1567', 'DOI': '10.21873/invivo.11946', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: the potential role of copper and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a ' 'combination of candidate antiviral treatments against SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'Andreou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'In Vivo'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '614', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13063-020-04547-0', 'article-title': 'Impact of vitamins A, B, C, D, and E supplementation on improvement and ' 'mortality rate in ICU patients with coronavirus-19: a structured ' 'summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Beigmohammadi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Trials'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260', 'article-title': 'Commentary: could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to ' 'COVID-19 Treatment Regimens?', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Dalamaga', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Metab., Clin. Exp.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '735', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30268-0', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer?', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Martineau', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12040988', 'article-title': 'Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza ' 'and COVID-19 infections and deaths', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Grant', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '988', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12040988', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation in influenza and COVID-19 infections comment ' 'on: "evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of ' 'influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Kow', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib17', 'first-page': '81', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D and inflammation: potential implications for severity of ' 'covid-19', 'volume': '113', 'author': 'Laird', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ir. Med. J.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2', 'article-title': 'Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Mitchell', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '154276', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154276', 'article-title': 'Commentary: myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '109', 'author': 'Chakhtoura', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Metabolism'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1033', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.071', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID- 19 infection', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Singh', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Diabetes Metab Syndr'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'E107', 'DOI': '10.7861/clinmed.2020-0301', 'article-title': 'Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Weir', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib22', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and misinformation: how an infodemic fueled the prominence of ' 'vitamin D', 'author': 'Henrina', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Br. J. Nutr.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3612', 'DOI': '10.1111/febs.15442', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 breakthroughs: separating fact from fiction', 'volume': '287', 'author': 'Dhillon', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'FEBS J.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu11092078', 'article-title': "You'd better zinc-trace element homeostasis in infection and " 'inflammation', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Haase', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1736', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.01736', 'article-title': 'A hypothesis for the possible role of zinc in the immunological ' 'pathways related to COVID-19 infection', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Mayor-Ibarguren', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1712', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712', 'article-title': 'The potential impact of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 pathogenesis', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Wessels', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu11092101', 'article-title': 'Selenium, selenoproteins and viral infection', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Guillin', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '307', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.006', 'article-title': 'Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: a report on ' 'four patients', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'Finzi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e124', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0950268820001351', 'article-title': 'Treatment and preliminary outcomes of 150 acute care patients with ' 'COVID-19 in a rural health system in the Dakotas', 'volume': '148', 'author': 'Enzmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Epidemiol. Infect.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib30', 'series-title': 'The Minimal Effect of Zinc on the Survival of Hospitalised Patients with ' 'COVID-19: an Observational Study', 'author': 'Yao', 'year': '2020'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1297', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/nqaa095', 'article-title': 'Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of ' 'COVID-19 cases in China', 'volume': '111', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Clin. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12072098', 'article-title': 'Selenium deficiency is associated with mortality risk from COVID-19', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Moghaddam', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1149', 'DOI': '10.1002/ijc.29071', 'article-title': 'Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the ' 'European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort', 'volume': '136', 'author': 'Hughes', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Canc.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '699', 'DOI': '10.1093/carcin/bgx051', 'article-title': 'Pre-diagnostic copper and zinc biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk in ' 'the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Stepien', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Carcinogenesis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib35', 'article-title': 'R: a language and environment for statistical computing', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Team', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'R. Found. Stat. Comput.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib36', 'series-title': "Package ‘tidyr’. Easily Tidy Data With'spread'and'gather ( )'Functions", 'author': 'Wickham', 'year': '2017'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib37', 'series-title': 'Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R Package Version 0.4', 'first-page': '3', 'author': 'Wickham', 'year': '2015'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib38', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '77', 'DOI': '10.1186/1471-2105-12-77', 'article-title': 'pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyse and compare ROC ' 'curves', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Robin', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'BMC Bioinf.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib39', 'series-title': 'ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. R Package Version 2.1.0', 'first-page': '1', 'author': 'Wickham', 'year': '2009'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib40', 'article-title': 'Package ‘caret’', 'author': 'Kuhn', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Rice J.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1467-9574.1970.tb00104.x', 'article-title': 'Raised conditional level of significance for the 2 × 2-table when ' 'testing the equality of two probabilities', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Boschloo', 'year': '1970', 'journal-title': 'Stat. Neerl.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.2307/2331554', 'article-title': 'The probable error of a mean', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Student', 'year': '1908', 'journal-title': 'Biometrika'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '399', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0080456800012163', 'article-title': 'XV.—the correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian ' 'inheritance', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Fisher', 'year': '1919', 'journal-title': 'Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of ' 'Edinburgh'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '72', 'DOI': '10.2307/1412159', 'article-title': 'The proof and measurement of association between two things', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Spearman', 'year': '1904', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Psychol.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '136', 'DOI': '10.21037/atm.2016.03.35', 'article-title': 'Variable selection with stepwise and best subset approaches', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Ann. Transl. Med.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3', 'DOI': '10.1016/0304-4076(81)90071-3', 'article-title': 'Likelihood of a model and information criteria', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Akaike', 'year': '1981', 'journal-title': 'J. Econom.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '837', 'DOI': '10.2307/2531595', 'article-title': 'Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating ' 'characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach', 'volume': '44', 'author': 'DeLong', 'year': '1988', 'journal-title': 'Biometrics'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '32', 'DOI': '10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3', 'article-title': 'Index for rating diagnostic tests', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Youden', 'year': '1950', 'journal-title': 'Cancer'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib49', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '321', 'DOI': '10.1080/00365519209088366', 'article-title': 'Reference intervals for trace elements in blood: significance of risk ' 'factors', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Grandjean', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '440', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/56.2.440', 'article-title': 'Serum copper and zinc in random samples of the population of Northern ' 'Ireland', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'McMaster', 'year': '1992', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Clin. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib51', 'first-page': '117', 'article-title': 'Reference value for serum zinc level of adult population in Bangladesh', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Barman', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'EJIFCC'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib52', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1536', 'DOI': '10.1097/00003246-199809000-00021', 'article-title': 'Selenium, systemic immune response syndrome, sepsis, and outcome in ' 'critically ill patients', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'Forceville', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Crit. Care Med.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib53', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '15', 'DOI': '10.1007/s42000-019-00150-4', 'article-title': 'The other view: the trace element selenium as a micronutrient in ' 'thyroid disease, diabetes, and beyond', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Schomburg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hormones (Basel)'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib54', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1239', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.2648', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease ' '2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China summary of a report of 72 314 cases ' 'from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib55', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1079', 'DOI': '10.1039/C4MT00004H', 'article-title': 'Hypoxia reduces and redirects selenoprotein biosynthesis', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Becker', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Metallomics'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib56', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1330', 'DOI': '10.1039/c9mt00079h', 'article-title': 'Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ' 'ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Ischia', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Metallomics'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib57', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '696', 'DOI': '10.1093/advances/nmz013', 'article-title': 'The role of zinc in antiviral immunity', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Read', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Adv Nutr'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib58', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109848', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109848', 'article-title': 'Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '144', 'author': 'Kumar', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med. Hypotheses'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib59', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '175', 'DOI': '10.1620/tjem.251.175', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 pandemic: can maintaining optimal zinc balance enhance host ' 'resistance?', 'volume': '251', 'author': 'Razzaque', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Tohoku J. Exp. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib60', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2425', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.6766', 'article-title': 'Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunity-boosting ' 'nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID-19?', 'volume': '34', 'author': 'Roy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Phytother Res.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib61', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12010236', 'article-title': 'A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to ' 'reduce the risk of infection', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Gombart', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib62', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '6872621', 'DOI': '10.1155/2018/6872621', 'article-title': 'The role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in macrophage function', 'volume': '2018', 'author': 'Gao', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'J Immunol Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib63', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3160', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160', 'article-title': 'Nutritional modulation of immune function: analysis of evidence, ' 'mechanisms, and clinical relevance', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib64', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1049', 'DOI': '10.3945/jn.109.111492', 'article-title': 'Zinc influences innate immune responses in children with ' 'enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea', 'volume': '140', 'author': 'Sheikh', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'J. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '2 Suppl', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib65', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '447s', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S', 'article-title': 'Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to ' 'infection', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Shankar', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Clin. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib66', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1419', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001', 'article-title': 'Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment', 'volume': '182', 'author': 'Schulte-Schrepping', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib67', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '253', 'DOI': '10.1177/1753425912458815', 'article-title': 'Zinc signals in neutrophil granulocytes are required for the formation ' 'of neutrophil extracellular traps', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Hasan', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Innate Immun.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib68', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '6491', 'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6491', 'article-title': 'Zinc signals are essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced signal ' 'transduction in monocytes', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Haase', 'year': '2008', 'journal-title': 'J. Immunol.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib69', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '222', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.009', 'article-title': 'Flow cytometric measurement of labile zinc in peripheral blood ' 'mononuclear cells', 'volume': '352', 'author': 'Haase', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Anal. Biochem.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib70', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Selenium supplementation can relieve the clinical complications of ' 'COVID-19 and other similar viral infections', 'author': 'Fakhrolmobasheri', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib71', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109878', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878', 'article-title': 'Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections ' '(COVID-19)', 'volume': '143', 'author': 'Kieliszek', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med. Hypotheses'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib72', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu10080976', 'article-title': 'Zinc and sepsis', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Alker', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib73', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '202', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.013', 'article-title': 'Changes in zinc status and zinc transporters expression in whole blood ' 'of patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Florea', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib74', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '354', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22149.x', 'article-title': 'Hepatic metallothionein induction in inflammation', 'volume': '389', 'author': 'Sobocinski', 'year': '1982', 'journal-title': 'Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib75', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1356', 'DOI': '10.3945/ajcn.110.008417', 'article-title': 'A comparison of zinc metabolism, inflammation, and disease severity in ' 'critically ill infected and noninfected adults early after intensive ' 'care unit admission', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'Besecker', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Clin. Nutr.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib76', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '659', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.003', 'article-title': 'The acute phase serum zinc concentration is a reliable biomarker for ' 'predicting the functional outcome after spinal cord injury', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Kijima', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'EBioMedicine'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib77', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/antiox9050421', 'article-title': 'Zinc concentration dynamics indicate neurological impairment odds after ' 'traumatic spinal cord injury', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Heller', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Antioxidants'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib78', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '29', 'DOI': '10.1097/PCC.0b013e31819371ce', 'article-title': 'Zinc homeostasis in pediatric critical illness', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Cvijanovich', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Pediatr. Crit. Care Med.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib79', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '146', 'DOI': '10.1152/physiolgenomics.00024.2007', 'article-title': 'Genome-level expression profiles in pediatric septic shock indicate a ' 'role for altered zinc homeostasis in poor outcome', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wong', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Physiol. Genom.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib80', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '482', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.017', 'article-title': 'Zinc lozenges as cure for the common cold - a review and hypothesis', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Eby', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Med. Hypotheses'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib81', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '245', 'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00006', 'article-title': 'Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the ' 'common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomised, double-blind, ' 'placebo-controlled trial', 'volume': '133', 'author': 'Prasad', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Ann. Intern. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib82', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034250', 'article-title': 'Regulation of selenium metabolism and transport', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'Burk', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Annu. Rev. Nutr.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib83', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1758', 'DOI': '10.1096/fj.08-119370', 'article-title': 'Down-regulation of the hepatic selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery ' 'impairs selenium metabolism during the acute phase response in mice', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Renko', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Faseb. J.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib84', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '43', 'DOI': '10.1042/BJ20091868', 'article-title': 'Selenium controls the sex-specific immune response and selenoprotein ' 'expression during the acute-phase response in mice', 'volume': '429', 'author': 'Stoedter', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Biochem. J.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib85', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '794', 'DOI': '10.1002/hep.510270322', 'article-title': 'Plasma selenium in patients with cirrhosis', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Burk', 'year': '1998', 'journal-title': 'Hepatology'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib86', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2543', 'DOI': '10.1002/hep.26142', 'article-title': 'Selenium levels in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic ' 'hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Bettinger', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Hepatology'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib87', 'first-page': '11', 'article-title': 'Serum selenium concentration in patients with liver cirrhosis and ' 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'Buljevac', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'Acta Med. Croat.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib88', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '164', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2020.00164', 'article-title': 'Selenium and RNA virus interactions: potential implications for ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Hiffler', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front Nutr'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib89', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '101715', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101715', 'article-title': 'Selenium and selenoproteins in viral infection with potential relevance ' 'to COVID-19', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Redox Biol'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib90', 'first-page': '100457', 'article-title': 'Practice considerations on the use of investigational anti-COVID-19 ' 'medications: dosage, administration and monitoring', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Kang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Pharm. Therapeut.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib91', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '109815', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109815', 'article-title': 'Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of ' "chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?", 'volume': '142', 'author': 'Derwand', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med. Hypotheses'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764_bib92', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '100457', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.imr.2020.100457', 'article-title': 'Rapid review protocol: zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 ' 'and other coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Hunter', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Integr Med Res'}], 'container-title': 'Redox Biology', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2213231720309691?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2213231720309691?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 7, 19]], 'date-time': '2022-07-19T20:48:33Z', 'timestamp': 1658263713000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213231720309691'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1]]}, 'references-count': 92, 'alternative-id': ['S2213231720309691'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764', 'relation': {'has-review': [{'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.32388/LPVP46', 'asserted-by': 'object'}]}, 'ISSN': ['2213-2317'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Redox Biology', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as ' 'composite biomarker', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, {'value': 'Redox Biology', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101764', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '101764'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit