Abstract: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 43 (2021) 276e282 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Nutrition ESPEN journal homepage: http://www.clinicalnutritionespen.com Original article Serum vitamin D, calcium, and zinc levels in patients with COVID-19 Abdolahi Shahvali Elham a, Khalighi Azam b, Jahangirimehr Azam a, *, Labibzadeh Mostafa a, Bahmanyari Nasrin b, Najafi Marzieh a a b Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran a r t i c l e i n f o s u m m a r y Article history: Received 13 January 2021 Accepted 27 March 2021 Background and aim: COVID-19 is a global public health concern. As no standard treatment has been found for it yet, several minerals and vitamins with antioxidants, immunomodulators, and antimicrobials roles can be sufficient for the immune response against the disease. The present study evaluates the serum vitamin D, calcium, and Zinc levels in patients with COVID-19. Materials & methods: This research is a caseecontrol study performed in May 2020 on 93 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a Shoushtar city hospital and on 186 healthy subjects with no symptoms of COVID-19. The serum vitamin D, calcium, and zinc levels were collected and analyzed using correlation coefficient and independent t-test via SPSS 18. Results: Vitamin D levels had a significant difference between the case and control groups (p ¼ 0.008). Serum calcium and serum zinc levels also had statistically significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The research results showed that serum zinc, calcium, and vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients are lower than in the control group. The supplementation with such nutrients is a safe and low-cost measure that can help cope with the increased demand for these nutrients in risk of acquiring the COVID-19 virus. © 2021 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: COVID-19 Vitamin D Calcium Zinc