The possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19—Results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 4]], 'date-time': '2024-03-04T18:59:12Z', 'timestamp': 1709578752533}, 'reference-count': 69, 'publisher': 'Frontiers Media SA', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-01-18T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1674000000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['frontiersin.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUE), two ' 'natural polyphenols, possess diverse biological activities including broad-spectrum ' 'antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Both CUR and QUE have shown inhibition ' 'of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in <jats:italic>in ' 'vitro</jats:italic> ' 'assays.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>In the present ' 'study we aimed to assess the possible treatment benefits of a combined curcumin and quercetin ' '(CUR-QUE) oral supplement, alongside standard of care (SOC), in the ' '<jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> COVID-19 ' 'infection.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>This was an ' 'exploratory, pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted at the ' 'Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PK. The ' 'study compared the treatment effect of an oral CUR-QUE supplement ' '<jats:italic>plus</jats:italic> SOC vs. SOC alone, in the ' '<jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic>/mild to moderately symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients. ' 'Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to CUR-QUE (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) and ' 'control (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) treatment groups. The CUR-QUE supplementation ' 'consisted of a daily intake of 168 mg curcumin and 260 mg quercetin, as two soft capsules, to ' 'be taken twice a day at home for 14 ' 'days.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>After one-week of ' 'treatment, most of the patients in the CUR-QUE group showed an expedited clearance of the ' 'viral infection i.e., 18 (72.0%) vs. 6 (24.0%) patients in the control group tested negative ' 'for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal-oropharyngeal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain ' 'reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0002). In addition, ' 'COVID-19-associated acute symptoms were also speedily resolved in the CUR-QUE treated ' 'patients, i.e., 10 (40.0%) vs. 4 (16.0%) patients in the control group ' '(<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.061). The CUR-QUE supplementation therapy was ' 'well-tolerated by all 25 patients and no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events ' 'were reported.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The ' 'results revealed in this exploratory study suggest a possible therapeutic role of curcumin ' 'and quercetin in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> of COVID-19. It is proposed that ' 'the two agents possibly acting in synergy, interfere the SARS-CoV-2 replication, and thus ' 'help a speedy recovery in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> of COVID-19. Further ' 'research is highly encouraged.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial ' 'registration</jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov</jats:ext-link>, ' 'Identifier NCT04603690.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 18]], 'date-time': '2023-01-18T06:41:35Z', 'timestamp': 1674024095000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 2, 'title': 'The possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19—Results ' 'from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial', 'prefix': '10.3389', 'volume': '9', 'author': [ {'given': 'Ikram Din', 'family': 'Ujjan', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Saeed', 'family': 'Khan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Roohi', 'family': 'Nigar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hammad', 'family': 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