The possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19—Results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997", "ISSN": [ "2296-861X" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997", "abstract": "<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUE), two natural polyphenols, possess diverse biological activities including broad-spectrum antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Both CUR and QUE have shown inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> assays.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>In the present study we aimed to assess the possible treatment benefits of a combined curcumin and quercetin (CUR-QUE) oral supplement, alongside standard of care (SOC), in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> COVID-19 infection.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>This was an exploratory, pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted at the Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PK. The study compared the treatment effect of an oral CUR-QUE supplement <jats:italic>plus</jats:italic> SOC vs. SOC alone, in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic>/mild to moderately symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to CUR-QUE (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) and control (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) treatment groups. The CUR-QUE supplementation consisted of a daily intake of 168 mg curcumin and 260 mg quercetin, as two soft capsules, to be taken twice a day at home for 14 days.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>After one-week of treatment, most of the patients in the CUR-QUE group showed an expedited clearance of the viral infection i.e., 18 (72.0%) vs. 6 (24.0%) patients in the control group tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal-oropharyngeal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0002). In addition, COVID-19-associated acute symptoms were also speedily resolved in the CUR-QUE treated patients, i.e., 10 (40.0%) vs. 4 (16.0%) patients in the control group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.061). The CUR-QUE supplementation therapy was well-tolerated by all 25 patients and no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events were reported.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed in this exploratory study suggest a possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> of COVID-19. It is proposed that the two agents possibly acting in synergy, interfere the SARS-CoV-2 replication, and thus help a speedy recovery in the <jats:italic>early-stage</jats:italic> of COVID-19. Further research is highly encouraged.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration</jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov</jats:ext-link>, Identifier NCT04603690.</jats:p></jats:sec>", "alternative-id": [ "10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ujjan", "given": "Ikram Din", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Khan", "given": "Saeed", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Nigar", "given": "Roohi", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ahmed", "given": "Hammad", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ahmad", "given": "Sagheer", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Khan", "given": "Amjad", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Frontiers in Nutrition", "container-title-short": "Front. Nutr.", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "frontiersin.org" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-18T06:41:35Z", "timestamp": 1674024095000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-18T06:41:39Z", "timestamp": 1674024099000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 3, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2024-03-04T18:59:12Z", "timestamp": 1709578752533 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 2, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 18 ] ] }, "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 18 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-18T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1674000000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997/full", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1965", "original-title": [], "prefix": 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