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27 acetaminophen COVID-19 controlled studies, 2 RCTs
-22% improvement
for early treatment, RR
1.22
[1.02-1.46]
https://c19early.org/acemeta.html
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rinott
-473%
5.73 [0.30-109]
death
3/85
0/49
OT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Rinott
-534%
6.34 [0.84-47.6]
oxygen
11/85
1/49
OT1
Lapi (ES)
-15%
1.15 [0.92-1.43]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Lapi (ES)
-29%
1.29 [0.61-2.73]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Sharif
-77%
1.77 [0.39-8.09]
death
9/361
2/142
Chen
-32%
1.32 [0.98-1.78]
PASC
98/232
39/122
LONG COVID
Chen
-1%
1.01 [0.67-1.52]
PASC
16/41
121/313
LONG COVID
Ravichandran (PSM)
-2700%
28.00 [3.91-200]
oxygen
28/72
1/72
OT1
Ravichandran
-75%
1.75 [1.48-2.06]
recov. time
72 (n)
72 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran
-117%
2.17 [1.72-2.72]
recov. time
72 (n)
72 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran
-167%
2.67 [2.00-3.56]
recov. time
72 (n)
72 (n)
OT1
Manjani
-220%
3.20 [1.51-6.82]
death
64/388
7/136
Manjani
-434%
5.34 [1.98-14.4]
ventilation
388 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-244%
3.44 [1.49-8.54]
progression
132 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-201%
3.01 [1.40-7.07]
progression
256 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-100%
2.00 [1.33-3.02]
hosp. time
388 (n)
136 (n)
Lerner
-27%
1.27 [0.96-1.68]
death
5,783 (all patients)
Ravichandran (RCT)
-43%
1.43 [1.14-1.78]
no recov.
77/107
52/103
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-3925%
40.25 [2.47-657]
progression
20/107
0/103
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-133%
2.33 [1.82-3.00]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-75%
1.75 [1.48-2.06]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-75%
1.75 [1.48-2.06]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-20%
1.20 [0.93-1.56]
viral+
43/60
37/62
OT1
Lapi
-75%
1.75 [1.40-2.18]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Abolhassani
-56%
1.56 [0.58-4.18]
death
3/6
8/25
Baldia (ICU)
12%
0.88 [0.72-1.07]
death
1,166 (n)
1,480 (n)
ICU patients
Baldia (ICU)
14%
0.86 [0.72-1.03]
death
1,166 (n)
1,480 (n)
ICU patients
Stufano
-19%
1.19 [0.70-2.02]
PASC
11/23
23/57
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-110%
2.10 [1.05-4.20]
ICU
21/90
10/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-110%
2.10 [1.05-4.20]
oxygen
21/90
10/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-36%
1.36 [1.07-1.73]
hosp. time
90 (n)
90 (n)
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-33%
1.33 [0.31-5.79]
no recov.
4/90
3/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-75%
1.75 [0.77-3.97]
no recov.
14/90
8/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-92%
1.92 [1.05-3.52]
no recov.
25/90
13/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-70%
1.70 [1.06-2.72]
no recov.
34/90
20/90
OT1
Blanc
-51%
1.51 [0.82-2.84]
cases
60 (n)
119 (n)
Kolin
-23%
1.23 [1.05-1.43]
cases
397,064 (all patients)
Park (PSM)
25%
0.75 [0.35-1.59]
death
12/397
16/397
OT1
Park (PSM)
38%
0.62 [0.19-1.89]
ventilation
5/397
8/397
OT1
Gálvez-Barrón
-47%
1.47 [0.66-3.33]
death
43 (n)
60 (n)
Gálvez-Barrón
23%
0.77 [0.35-1.71]
severe case
43 (n)
60 (n)
Reese (PSM)
-61%
1.61 [1.40-1.84]
death
20,826 (n)
20,826 (n)
Reese (PSM)
-816%
9.16 [8.72-9.63]
severe case
20,826 (n)
20,826 (n)
Chandan (PSM)
-18%
1.18 [0.83-1.64]
death
71/8,595
79/8,595
OT1 CT2
Chandan (PSM)
-27%
1.27 [0.90-1.75]
cases
8,595 (n)
8,595 (n)
OT1 CT2
Oh
2%
0.98 [0.38-2.49]
death
58 (n)
7,655 (n)
Leal
7%
0.93 [0.91-0.96]
cases
n/a
n/a
Moreno-Martos
-29%
1.29 [1.27-1.32]
hosp.
Moreno-Martos
-52%
1.52 [1.28-1.79]
hosp.
103/178
196/514
Moreno-Martos
-5%
1.05 [0.91-1.22]
hosp.
87/144
360/626
Moreno-Martos
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.98]
hosp.
64/319
1,585/6,181
Moreno-Martos
-16%
1.16 [1.13-1.20]
hosp.
Moreno-Martos
-57%
1.57 [1.50-1.65]
hosp.
1,090/1,868
3,414/9,188
Moreno-Martos
-47%
1.47 [1.40-1.54]
hosp.
1,397/2,875
3,214/9,735
MacFadden
-48%
1.48 [1.44-1.51]
cases
n/a
n/a
Campbell (PSW)
-1%
1.01 [0.99-1.02]
death
2,074 (n)
20,311 (n)
Campbell (PSW)
0%
1.00 [0.99-1.02]
death
2,074 (n)
20,311 (n)
Xie
-5%
1.05 [0.70-1.56]
hosp.
population-based cohort
OT1
Xie
3%
0.97 [0.72-1.29]
cases
population-based cohort
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-71%
1.71 [0.69-4.24]
death
12/162
7/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-14%
1.14 [0.42-3.08]
ventilation
8/162
7/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
40%
0.60 [0.15-2.47]
ICU
3/162
5/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-9%
1.09 [0.64-1.86]
oxygen
24/162
22/162
OT1
Ritsinger
-21%
1.21 [1.17-1.25]
death
24,641 (n)
20,225 (n)
Acetaminophen COVID-19 outcomes
c19 early .org
November 2023
1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors acetaminophen
Favors control
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