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25 acetaminophen COVID-19 controlled studies, 2 RCTs
-17% improvement
for early treatment, RR
1.17
[0.94-1.45]
https://c19early.org/acemeta.html
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Rinott
-473%
5.73 [0.30-109]
death
3/85
0/49
OT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
Rinott
-534%
6.34 [0.84-47.6]
oxygen
11/85
1/49
OT1
Lapi (ES)
-15%
1.15 [0.92-1.43]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Lapi (ES)
-29%
1.29 [0.61-2.73]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Sharif
-77%
1.77 [0.39-8.09]
death
9/361
2/142
Manjani
-220%
3.20 [1.51-6.82]
death
64/388
7/136
Manjani
-434%
5.34 [1.98-14.4]
ventilation
388 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-244%
3.44 [1.49-8.54]
progression
132 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-201%
3.01 [1.40-7.07]
progression
256 (n)
136 (n)
Manjani
-100%
2.00 [1.33-3.02]
hosp. time
388 (n)
136 (n)
Lerner
-27%
1.27 [0.96-1.68]
death
5,783 (all patients)
Ravichandran (RCT)
-43%
1.43 [1.14-1.78]
no recov.
77/107
52/103
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-3925%
40.25 [2.47-657]
progression
20/107
0/103
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-133%
2.33 [1.82-3.00]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-75%
1.75 [1.48-2.06]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-75%
1.75 [1.48-2.06]
recov. time
107 (n)
103 (n)
OT1
Ravichandran (RCT)
-20%
1.20 [0.93-1.56]
viral+
43/60
37/62
OT1
Lapi
-75%
1.75 [1.40-2.18]
death/hosp.
n/a
n/a
Abolhassani
-56%
1.56 [0.58-4.18]
death
3/6
8/25
Baldia (ICU)
12%
0.88 [0.72-1.07]
death
1,166 (n)
1,480 (n)
ICU patients
Baldia (ICU)
14%
0.86 [0.72-1.03]
death
1,166 (n)
1,480 (n)
ICU patients
Stufano
-19%
1.19 [0.70-2.02]
PASC
11/23
23/57
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-110%
2.10 [1.05-4.20]
ICU
21/90
10/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-110%
2.10 [1.05-4.20]
oxygen
21/90
10/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-36%
1.36 [1.07-1.73]
hosp. time
90 (n)
90 (n)
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-33%
1.33 [0.31-5.79]
no recov.
4/90
3/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-75%
1.75 [0.77-3.97]
no recov.
14/90
8/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-92%
1.92 [1.05-3.52]
no recov.
25/90
13/90
OT1
Sobhy (DB RCT)
-70%
1.70 [1.06-2.72]
no recov.
34/90
20/90
OT1
Blanc
-51%
1.51 [0.82-2.84]
cases
60 (n)
119 (n)
Kolin
-23%
1.23 [1.05-1.43]
cases
397,064 (all patients)
Park (PSM)
25%
0.75 [0.35-1.59]
death
12/397
16/397
OT1
Park (PSM)
38%
0.62 [0.19-1.89]
ventilation
5/397
8/397
OT1
Gálvez-Barrón
-47%
1.47 [0.66-3.33]
death
43 (n)
60 (n)
Gálvez-Barrón
23%
0.77 [0.35-1.71]
severe case
43 (n)
60 (n)
Reese (PSM)
-61%
1.61 [1.40-1.84]
death
20,826 (n)
20,826 (n)
Reese (PSM)
-816%
9.16 [8.72-9.63]
severe case
20,826 (n)
20,826 (n)
Chandan (PSM)
-18%
1.18 [0.83-1.64]
death
71/8,595
79/8,595
OT1 CT2
Chandan (PSM)
-27%
1.27 [0.90-1.75]
cases
8,595 (n)
8,595 (n)
OT1 CT2
Oh
2%
0.98 [0.38-2.49]
death
58 (n)
7,655 (n)
Leal
7%
0.93 [0.91-0.96]
cases
n/a
n/a
Moreno-Martos
-29%
1.29 [1.27-1.32]
hosp.
Moreno-Martos
-52%
1.52 [1.28-1.79]
hosp.
103/178
196/514
Moreno-Martos
-5%
1.05 [0.91-1.22]
hosp.
87/144
360/626
Moreno-Martos
22%
0.78 [0.63-0.98]
hosp.
64/319
1,585/6,181
Moreno-Martos
-16%
1.16 [1.13-1.20]
hosp.
Moreno-Martos
-57%
1.57 [1.50-1.65]
hosp.
1,090/1,868
3,414/9,188
Moreno-Martos
-47%
1.47 [1.40-1.54]
hosp.
1,397/2,875
3,214/9,735
MacFadden
-48%
1.48 [1.44-1.51]
cases
n/a
n/a
Campbell (PSW)
-1%
1.01 [0.99-1.02]
death
2,074 (n)
20,311 (n)
Campbell (PSW)
0%
1.00 [0.99-1.02]
death
2,074 (n)
20,311 (n)
Xie
-5%
1.05 [0.70-1.56]
hosp.
population-based cohort
OT1
Xie
3%
0.97 [0.72-1.29]
cases
population-based cohort
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-71%
1.71 [0.69-4.24]
death
12/162
7/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-14%
1.14 [0.42-3.08]
ventilation
8/162
7/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
40%
0.60 [0.15-2.47]
ICU
3/162
5/162
OT1
Kim (PSM)
-9%
1.09 [0.64-1.86]
oxygen
24/162
22/162
OT1
Ritsinger
-21%
1.21 [1.17-1.25]
death
24,641 (n)
20,225 (n)
Acetaminophen COVID-19 outcomes
c19 early .org
October 2023
1 OT: comparison with other treatment 2 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors acetaminophen
Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and
treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should
be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention
is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not
provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified
physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and
benefits based on your medical history and situation.
FLCCC and
WCH
provide treatment protocols.
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