Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen and relationship with mortality among United States Veterans after testing positive for COVID-19

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 6]], 'date-time': '2022-05-06T10:40:56Z', 'timestamp': 1651833656310}, 'reference-count': 41, 'publisher': 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 'issue': '5', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]], 'date-time': '2022-05-05T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1651708800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/100012462', 'name': 'Office of Academic Affiliations, Department of Veterans Affairs', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}, {'name': 'Veterans Health Administration'}, {'name': 'New Mexico VA Health Care System'}, {'name': 'Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center'}, {'name': 'Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['www.plosone.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are among the ' 'most-frequently used medications. Although these medications have different mechanisms of ' 'action, they have similar indications and treatment duration has been positively correlated ' 'with cardiovascular risk although the degree of risk varies by medication. Our objective was ' 'to study treatment effects of chronic use of individual NSAID medications and acetaminophen ' 'on all-cause mortality among patients who tested positive for COVID-19 while accounting for ' 'adherence. We used the VA national datasets in this retrospective cohort study to ' 'differentiate between sporadic and chronic medication use: sporadic users filled an NSAID ' 'within the last year, but not recently or regularly. Using established and possible risk ' 'factors for severe COVID-19, we used propensity scores analysis to adjust for differences in ' 'baseline characteristics between treatment groups. Then, we used multivariate logistic ' 'regression incorporating inverse propensity score weighting to assess mortality. The cohort ' 'consisted of 28,856 patients. Chronic use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, meloxicam, ' 'celecoxib, diclofenac or acetaminophen was not associated with significant differences in ' 'mortality at 30 days (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00; OR = 1.00, ' '95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% ' 'CI: 0.97–1.01; and OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02, respectively) nor at 60 days (OR = 0.97, 95% ' 'CI: 0.95–1.00; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: ' '0.97–1.00; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01; and OR = 1.01, 95% CI: ' '0.99–1.02, respectively). Although the study design cannot determine causality, the study ' 'should assure patients as it finds no association between mortality and chronic use of these ' 'medications compared with sporadic NSAID use among those infected with COVID-19.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0267462', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]], 'date-time': '2022-05-05T18:01:42Z', 'timestamp': 1651773702000}, 'page': 'e0267462', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.corrections_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen and relationship ' 'with mortality among United States Veterans after testing positive for COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.1371', 'volume': '17', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-9240', 'authenticated-orcid': True, 'given': 'Heather M.', 'family': 'Campbell', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Allison E.', 'family': 'Murata', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Todd A.', 'family': 'Conner', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Greg', 'family': 'Fotieo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '340', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'pone.0267462.ref001', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e21', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8', 'article-title': 'Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk ' 'for COVID-19 infection?', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'L Fang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'}, { 'key': 'pone.0267462.ref002', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e12', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217598', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ' 'drugs (NSAID)', 'volume': '80', 'author': 'A Giollo', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis'}, { 'key': 'pone.0267462.ref003', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1400', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.026', 'article-title': 'The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on clinical ' 'outcomes, synovial fluid cytokine concentration and signal transduction ' 'pathways in knee osteoarthritis. 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'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]], 'date-time': '2022-05-05T18:03:06Z', 'timestamp': 1651773786000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267462'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'editor': [{'given': 'Chiara', 'family': 'Lazzeri', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]]}, 'references-count': 41, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '5', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267462', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1932-6203'], 'subject': ['Multidisciplinary'], 'container-title-short': 'PLoS ONE', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 5]]}}