Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen and relationship with mortality among United States Veterans after testing positive for COVID-19
Heather M Campbell, Allison E Murata, Todd A Conner, Greg Fotieo
PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267462
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are among the mostfrequently used medications. Although these medications have different mechanisms of action, they have similar indications and treatment duration has been positively correlated with cardiovascular risk although the degree of risk varies by medication. Our objective was to study treatment effects of chronic use of individual NSAID medications and acetaminophen on all-cause mortality among patients who tested positive for COVID-19 while accounting for adherence. We used the VA national datasets in this retrospective cohort study to differentiate between sporadic and chronic medication use: sporadic users filled an NSAID within the last year, but not recently or regularly. Using established and possible risk factors for severe COVID-19, we used propensity scores analysis to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups. Then, we used multivariate logistic regression incorporating inverse propensity score weighting to assess mortality. The cohort consisted of 28,856 patients. Chronic use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, meloxicam, celecoxib, diclofenac or acetaminophen was not associated with significant differences in mortality at 30 days (
take these medications chronically is no different than patients who sporadically used NSAIDs. This information can also be used by clinicians caring for patients as they make clinical treatment decisions based on their risk assessment. Our attempt to address this was by controlling the month or season in which patients tested positive: with an unadjusted OR = 0.90 and OR = 0.91 for 30-day and 60-day mortality, respectively, month did not meet the criteria for a moderate association to be included in the final propensity score-adjusted model. With season having OR = 0.66 and OR = 0.68 for 30-and 60-day mortality, respectively, it also did not meet the criteria of OR = 0.50 to be included.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are among the '
'most-frequently used medications. Although these medications have different mechanisms of '
'action, they have similar indications and treatment duration has been positively correlated '
'with cardiovascular risk although the degree of risk varies by medication. Our objective was '
'to study treatment effects of chronic use of individual NSAID medications and acetaminophen '
'on all-cause mortality among patients who tested positive for COVID-19 while accounting for '
'adherence. We used the VA national datasets in this retrospective cohort study to '
'differentiate between sporadic and chronic medication use: sporadic users filled an NSAID '
'within the last year, but not recently or regularly. Using established and possible risk '
'factors for severe COVID-19, we used propensity scores analysis to adjust for differences in '
'baseline characteristics between treatment groups. Then, we used multivariate logistic '
'regression incorporating inverse propensity score weighting to assess mortality. The cohort '
'consisted of 28,856 patients. Chronic use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, meloxicam, '
'celecoxib, diclofenac or acetaminophen was not associated with significant differences in '
'mortality at 30 days (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00; OR = 1.00, '
'95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% '
'CI: 0.97–1.01; and OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02, respectively) nor at 60 days (OR = 0.97, 95% '
'CI: 0.95–1.00; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: '
'0.97–1.00; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01; OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01; and OR = 1.01, 95% CI: '
'0.99–1.02, respectively). Although the study design cannot determine causality, the study '
'should assure patients as it finds no association between mortality and chronic use of these '
'medications compared with sporadic NSAID use among those infected with COVID-19.</jats:p>',
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