Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All acetaminophen studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchAcetaminophenAcetaminophen (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe

Moreno-Martos et al., Wellcome Open Research, doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.3
Jan 2022  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Hospitalization, combined -29% Improvement Relative Risk Hospitalization, CU-AMC -52% Hospitalization, CUIMC -5% Hospitalization, HealthVe.. 22% Hospitalization, OpenClaims -16% Hospitalization, Optum -57% Hospitalization, VA-OMOP -47% Acetaminophen  Moreno-Martos et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with acetaminophen beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 99,890 patients in multiple countries (Jan - Jun 2020) Higher hospitalization with acetaminophen (p<0.000001) c19early.org Moreno-Martos et al., Wellcome Open Re.., Jan 2022 Favorsacetaminophen Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
2nd treatment shown to increase risk in November 2020, now with p = 0.00000029 from 27 studies, but still recommended in 64 countries.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19early.org
Aanlysis of prescriptions in multiple databases showing higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization with acetaminophen use for COPD patients. Acetaminophen use was more prevalent in hospitalized patients compared to diagnosed patients (data from tables 1, 5, and S3).
Acetaminophen is also known as paracetamol, Tylenol, Panadol, Calpol, Tempra, Calprofen, Doliprane, Efferalgan, Grippostad C, Dolo, Acamol, Fevadol, Crocin, and Perfalgan.
risk of hospitalization, 29.3% higher, RR 1.29, p < 0.001, treatment 10,367, control 89,523, meta analysis of all databases combined.
risk of hospitalization, 51.7% higher, RR 1.52, p < 0.001, treatment 103 of 178 (57.9%), control 196 of 514 (38.1%), US CU-AMC.
risk of hospitalization, 5.1% higher, RR 1.05, p = 0.57, treatment 87 of 144 (60.4%), control 360 of 626 (57.5%), US CUIMC.
risk of hospitalization, 21.8% lower, RR 0.78, p = 0.02, treatment 64 of 319 (20.1%), control 1,585 of 6,181 (25.6%), NNT 18, US HealthVerity.
risk of hospitalization, 16.5% higher, RR 1.16, p < 0.001, treatment 2,597 of 4,983 (52.1%), control 28,320 of 63,279 (44.8%), US IQVIA OpenClaims.
risk of hospitalization, 57.0% higher, RR 1.57, p < 0.001, treatment 1,090 of 1,868 (58.4%), control 3,414 of 9,188 (37.2%), US Optum EHR.
risk of hospitalization, 47.2% higher, RR 1.47, p < 0.001, treatment 1,397 of 2,875 (48.6%), control 3,214 of 9,735 (33.0%), US VA-OMOP.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Moreno-Martos et al., 24 Jan 2022, retrospective, multiple countries, peer-reviewed, 24 authors, study period January 2020 - June 2020. Contact: d.r.z.morales@dundee.ac.uk.
This PaperAcetaminophenAll
Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe
David Moreno-Martos, Katia Verhamme, Anna Ostropolets, Kristin Kostka, Talita Duarte-Sales, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Thamir M Alshammari, Heba Alghoul, Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed, Clair Blacketer, Scott Duvall, Lana Lai, Michael Matheny, Frederik Nyberg, Jose Posada, Peter Rijnbeek, Matthew Spotnitz, Anthony Sena, Nigam Shah, Marc Suchard, Seng Chan You, George Hripcak, Patrick Ryan, Daniel Morales
Wellcome Open Research, doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.1
Background: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with Open Peer Review Approval Status
Data availability Underlying data Raw data from each database cannot be shared due to data privacy and governance requirements but raw data could be accessed according to the terms and conditions of each data source. The data source information including the terms and conditions for data access can be found in Table 8 . Analyses were performed locally in compliance with all applicable data privacy laws. All aggregate data has been made freely available for public inquiry (https://data.ohdsi.org/Covid19Charac-terizationCharybdis/). All analytic code and result sets have been made available (https://github.com/ohdsi-studies/Covid19Characterization-Charybdis). Archived analysis code as at time of publication: https://doi. org/10.5281/zenodo.5779264 28 David Moreno Martos We sincerely thank Dr. Tomlinson for reviewing the manuscript. 1. I think the definition of hospital cases will include those who caught COVID-19 while in hospital. These people tended to have a different disease course and may not represent the patients who were admitted with COVID-19. This could be pointed out as a limitation. RESPONSE: The hospitalized cohort were defined as patients with a hospitalization episode and a clinical diagnosis of COVID- 2. There is likely to be some misclassification of asthmatics who were classified through medication use and were asthma had not been coded. These people may have fewer comorbidities than those with COPD: again this is simply a minor limitation. ..
References
Alqahtani, Oyelade, Aldhahir, Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, PLoS One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233147
Aveyard, Gao, Lindson, Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatment, and severe COVID-19: a population cohort study, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00095-3
Burn, You, Sena, Deep phenotyping of 34,128 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in an international network study, Nat Commun, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18849-z
Du, Liang, Yang, Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study, Lancet Infect Dis, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
Duarte-Salles, Vizcaya, Pistillo, Baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes of 55,270 children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 and 1,952,693 with influenza in France, doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.20222083
Halpin, Criner, Papi, Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3533SO
Hripcsak, Duke, Shah, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI): Opportunities for Observational Researchers, Stud Health Technol Inform
Ko, Chan, Chan, Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens and typing of human rhinovirus of adults hospitalized for exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Respir Res, doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1181-0
Kohler, Kostka, Makadia, Using Real World Data to Understand HIV and COVID-19 in the U.S.A. and Spain: Characterizing Co-Infected Patients Across the Care Cascade, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.20229401
Leung, Niikura, Yang, COVID-19 and COPD, Eur Respir J
Lund, Kristensen, Reilev, Adverse outcomes and mortality in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: A Danish nationwide cohort study, PLoS Med, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003308
Morales, Ostropolets, Lai, Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without asthma from the United States, South Korea, and Europe, J Asthma, doi:10.1080/02770903.2021.2025392
Moreno-Martos, Morales, Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe -Supplementary Materials, Zenodo
Prieto-Alhambra, Kostka, Duarte-Salles, Unraveling COVID-19: a large-scale characterization of 4.5 million COVID-19 cases using CHARYBDIS, Res Sq, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-279400/v1
Ramakrishnan, Nicolau, Jr, Langford, Inhaled budesonide in the treatment of early COVID-19 (STOIC): a phase 2, open-label, randomised controlled trial, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00160-0
Richardson, Hirsch, Narasimhan, Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775
Rimmer, Covid-19: Two thirds of healthcare workers who have died were from ethnic minorities, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.m1621
Schultze, Walker, Mackenna, Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30415-X
Sena, Kostka, Schuemie, None, DavidMorenoMartos/ Covid19CharacterizationCharybdis, doi:10.5281/zenodo.5779264
Sena, Kostka, Schuemie, ohdsi-studies/ Covid19CharacterizationCharybdis: Charybdis v1
Voss, Makadia, Matcho, Feasibility and utility of applications of the common data model to multiple, disparate observational health databases, J Am Med Inform Assoc, doi:10.1093/jamia/ocu023
Wark, Tooze, Powell, Viral and bacterial infection in acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the risk of readmission, Respirology, doi:10.1111/resp.12099
Wong, Mackenna, Morton, Use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of death from COVID-19: an OpenSAFELY cohort analysis based on two cohorts, Ann Rheum Dis, doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219517
Yancy, COVID-19 and African Americans, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6548
Yang, Yu, Xu, Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study, Lancet Respir Med, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-01-14T06:11:25Z', 'timestamp': 1673676685679}, 'update-to': [ { 'updated': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-01-10T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1673308800000}, 'DOI': '10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.1', 'type': 'new_version', 'label': 'New version'}, { 'updated': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-01-10T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1673308800000}, 'DOI': '10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.2', 'type': 'new_version', 'label': 'New version'}], 'reference-count': 28, 'publisher': 'F1000 Research Ltd', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-01-10T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1673308800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/100010269', 'name': 'Wellcome Trust', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'award': ['214588']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['wellcomeopenresearch.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background</ns3:bold>: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with ' 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in size and scope. The aim of the ' 'study is to provide a large-scale characterization of COVID-19 patients with ' 'COPD.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods</ns3:bold>: We included thirteen databases ' 'contributing data from January-June 2020 from North America (US), Europe and Asia. We defined ' 'two cohorts of patients with COVID-19 namely a ‘diagnosed’ and ‘hospitalized’ cohort. We ' 'followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive ' 'analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes among COPD patients with ' 'COVID-19.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Results</ns3:bold>: The study included 934,778 patients in ' 'the diagnosed COVID-19 cohort and 177,201 in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort. Observed COPD ' 'prevalence in the diagnosed cohort ranged from 3.8% (95%CI 3.5-4.1%) in French data to 22.7% ' '(95%CI 22.4-23.0) in US data, and from 1.9% (95%CI 1.6-2.2) in South Korean to 44.0% (95%CI ' '43.1-45.0) in US data, in the hospitalized cohorts. COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort ' 'had greater comorbidity than those in the diagnosed cohort, including hypertension, heart ' 'disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality was higher in COPD patients in the hospitalized ' 'cohort and ranged from 7.6% (95%CI 6.9-8.4) to 32.2% (95%CI 28.0-36.7) across databases. ' 'ARDS, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis were the most common outcomes among ' 'hospitalized COPD patients. \xa0</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Conclusion</ns3:bold>: COPD ' 'patients with COVID-19 have high levels of COVID-19-associated comorbidities and poor ' 'COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is required to identify patients with COPD at high risk ' 'of worse outcomes.</ns3:p>', 'DOI': '10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.3', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]], 'date-time': '2023-01-10T21:20:09Z', 'timestamp': 1673385609000}, 'page': '22', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, ' 'and Europe', 'prefix': '10.12688', 'volume': '7', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-6235', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'David', 'family': 'Moreno-Martos', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Katia', 'family': 'Verhamme', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-6682', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Anna', 'family': 'Ostropolets', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kristin', 'family': 'Kostka', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Talita', 'family': 'Duarte-Sales', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Daniel', 'family': 'Prieto-Alhambra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Thamir M', 'family': 'Alshammari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-5843', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Heba', 'family': 'Alghoul', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Waheed-Ul-Rahman', 'family': 'Ahmed', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Clair', 'family': 'Blacketer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Scott', 'family': 'DuVall', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Lana', 'family': 'Lai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michael', 'family': 'Matheny', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5668', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Fredrik', 'family': 'Nyberg', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-0241', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jose', 'family': 'Posada', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Peter', 'family': 'Rijnbeek', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-0237', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Matthew', 'family': 'Spotnitz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anthony', 'family': 'Sena', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nigam', 'family': 'Shah', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-479X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Marc', 'family': 'Suchard', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-6399', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Seng', 'family': 'Chan You', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'George', 'family': 'Hripcsak', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Patrick', 'family': 'Ryan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-8069', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Daniel', 'family': 'Morales', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '2560', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]]}, 'reference': [ {'key': 'ref-1', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC'}, { 'key': 'ref-2', 'article-title': 'BTS guidance for health care professionals in relation to shielding'}, { 'key': 'ref-3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2002108', 'DOI': '10.1183/13993003.02108-2020', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and COPD.', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'J Leung', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur Respir J.'}, { 'key': 'ref-4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0233147', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0233147', 'article-title': 'Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in ' 'patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'J Alqahtani', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One.'}, { 'key': 'ref-5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '996-1002', 'DOI': '10.1111/resp.12099', 'article-title': 'Viral and bacterial infection in acute asthma and chronic obstructive ' 'pulmonary disease increases the risk of readmission.', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'P Wark', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Respirology.'}, { 'key': 'ref-6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '210', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12931-019-1181-0', 'article-title': 'Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens and typing of human ' 'rhinovirus of adults hospitalized for exacerbation of asthma and ' 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'F Ko', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Respir Res.'}, { 'key': 'ref-7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'rs.3.rs-279400', 'DOI': '10.21203/rs.3.rs-279400/v1', 'article-title': 'Unraveling COVID-19: a large-scale characterization of 4.5 million ' 'COVID-19 cases using CHARYBDIS.', 'author': 'D Prieto-Alhambra', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Res Sq.'}, { 'key': 'ref-8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '553-64', 'DOI': '10.1093/jamia/ocu023', 'article-title': 'Feasibility and utility of applications of the common data model to ' 'multiple, disparate observational health databases.', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'E Voss', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J Am Med Inform Assoc.'}, { 'key': 'ref-9', 'first-page': '574-8', 'article-title': 'Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI): ' 'Opportunities for Observational Researchers.', 'volume': '216', 'author': 'G Hripcsak', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Stud Health Technol Inform.'}, { 'key': 'ref-10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'article-title': 'ohdsi-studies/Covid19CharacterizationCharybdis: Charybdis v1.1.1 - ' 'Publication Package (Version v1.1.1).', 'author': 'A Sena', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Zenodo.', 'DOI': '10.5281/zenodo.4033034'}, { 'key': 'ref-11', 'article-title': 'Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the ' 'United States, South Korea, and Europe - Supplementary Materials.', 'author': 'D Moreno-Martos', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Zenodo.'}, { 'key': 'ref-12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2020.10.29.20222083', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.10.29.20222083', 'article-title': 'Baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes of 55,270 children ' 'and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 and 1,952,693 with influenza in ' 'France, Germany, Spain, South Korea and the United States: an ' 'international network cohort study.', 'author': 'T Duarte-Salles', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.'}, { 'key': 'ref-13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2020.11.10.20229401', 'DOI': '10.1101/2020.11.10.20229401', 'article-title': 'Using Real World Data to Understand HIV and COVID-19 in the U.S.A. and ' 'Spain: Characterizing Co-Infected Patients Across the Care Cascade.', 'author': 'J Kohler', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.'}, { 'key': 'ref-14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2000524', 'DOI': '10.1183/13993003.00524-2020', 'article-title': 'Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by ' 'SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study.', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'R Du', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur Respir J.'}, { 'key': 'ref-15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '669-677', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7', 'article-title': 'Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based ' 'analysis.', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'R Verity', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis.'}, { 'key': 'ref-16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2052-2059', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6775', 'article-title': 'Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 ' 'Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area.', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'S Richardson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA.'}, { 'key': 'ref-17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '475-481', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5', 'article-title': 'Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 ' 'pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, ' 'observational study.', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'X Yang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1891-1892', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6548', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and African Americans.', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'C Yancy', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA.'}, { 'key': 'ref-19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'm1621', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m1621', 'article-title': 'Covid-19: Two thirds of healthcare workers who have died were from ' 'ethnic minorities.', 'volume': '369', 'author': 'A Rimmer', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ.'}, { 'key': 'ref-20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5009', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-020-18849-z', 'article-title': 'Deep phenotyping of 34,128 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in ' 'an international network study.', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'E Burn', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun.'}, { 'key': 'ref-21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1106-1120', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30415-X', 'article-title': 'Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive ' 'pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an ' 'observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform.', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'A Schultze', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '909-923', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00095-3', 'article-title': 'Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatment, ' 'and severe COVID-19: a population cohort study.', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'P Aveyard', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '763-772', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00160-0', 'article-title': 'Inhaled budesonide in the treatment of early COVID-19 (STOIC): a phase ' '2, open-label, randomised controlled trial.', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'S Ramakrishnan', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e1003308', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pmed.1003308', 'article-title': 'Adverse outcomes and mortality in users of non-steroidal ' 'anti-inflammatory drugs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: A Danish ' 'nationwide cohort study.', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'L Lund', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '943-951', 'DOI': '10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219517', 'article-title': 'Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of death from ' 'COVID-19: an OpenSAFELY cohort analysis based on two cohorts.', 'volume': '80', 'author': 'A Wong', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Rheum Dis.'}, { 'key': 'ref-26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1-11', 'DOI': '10.1080/02770903.2021.2025392', 'article-title': 'Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without ' 'asthma from the United States, South Korea, and Europe.', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'D Morales', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J Asthma.'}, { 'key': 'ref-27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '24-36', 'DOI': '10.1164/rccm.202009-3533SO', 'article-title': 'Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of ' 'Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee ' 'Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.', 'volume': '203', 'author': 'D Halpin', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Am J Respir Crit Care Med.'}, { 'key': 'ref-28', 'article-title': 'DavidMorenoMartos/Covid19CharacterizationCharybdis: v1.4.3 (v1.4.3).', 'author': 'A Sena', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Zenodo.'}], 'container-title': 'Wellcome Open Research', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3/xml', 'content-type': 'application/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3/pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3/iparadigms', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-01-13T17:40:53Z', 'timestamp': 1673631653000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]]}, 'references-count': 28, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.3', 'relation': { 'has-review': [ { 'id-type': 'doi', 'id': '10.21956/wellcomeopenres.20813.r54044', 'asserted-by': 'subject'}]}, 'ISSN': ['2398-502X'], 'subject': ['General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology', 'Medicine (miscellaneous)'], 'container-title-short': 'Wellcome Open Res', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 1, 10]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': 'Indexed', 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3#article-reports', 'order': 0, 'name': 'referee-status', 'label': 'Referee status', 'group': {'name': 'current-referee-status', 'label': 'Current Referee Status'}}, { 'value': '10.21956/wellcomeopenres.19703.r49458, Marta A. Kisiel, Department of Medical ' 'Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, ' 'Sweden, 31 Mar 2022, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations', 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v2#referee-response-49458', 'order': 0, 'name': 'referee-response-49458', 'label': 'Referee Report', 'group': {'name': 'article-reports', 'label': 'Article Reports'}}, { 'value': '10.21956/wellcomeopenres.20813.r54044, Laurie Tomlinson, Department of ' 'Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical ' 'Medicine, London, UK, 13 Jan 2023, version 3, indexed', 'URL': 'https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/7-22/v3#referee-response-54044', 'order': 1, 'name': 'referee-response-54044', 'label': 'Referee Report', 'group': {'name': 'article-reports', 'label': 'Article Reports'}}, { 'value': 'The European Health Data & Evidence Network has received funding from the ' 'Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement ' 'No 806968. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 ' 'research and innovation programme and EFPIA; This research received partial ' 'support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford ' 'Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), US National Institutes of Health, US ' 'Department of Veterans Affairs, Janssen Research & Development, and IQVIA; The ' 'University of Oxford received funding related to this work from the Bill & ' 'Melinda Gates Foundation (Investment ID INV-016201 and INV-019257); IDIAPJGol ' 'received funding from the Health Department from the Generalitat de Catalunya ' 'with a grant for research projects on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease organized ' 'by the Direcció General de Recerca i Innovació en Salut; DPA receives funding ' 'from NIHR Academy in the form of an NIHR Senior Research Fellowship. The views ' 'and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect ' 'those of the Clinician Scientist Award programme, NIHR, United States ' 'Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government, NHS, or the ' 'Department of Health, England; DRM is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical ' 'Research Development Fellowship (Grant 214588/Z/18/Z, <a ' 'href=https://doi.org/10.35802/214588>https://doi.org/10.35802/214588</a>); and ' 'DMM is funded by Health Data Research-UK. The funders had no role in study ' 'design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of ' 'the manuscript.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'grant-information', 'label': 'Grant Information'}, { 'value': 'This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative ' 'Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and ' 'reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.', 'order': 0, 'name': 'copyright-info', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit