All Studies Meta Analysis Recent:

1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates platelet aggregation potentiated by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein via inhibiting integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling

Wang et al., Cell Biochemistry and Function, doi:10.1002/cbf.4039

May 2024

Post
Facebook

Source PDF All Studies Meta AnalysisMeta

Vitamin D for COVID-19

8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020

^*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, ICU admission, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. ^* >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.

4,500+ studies for 81 treatments. c19early.org

In Vitro study showing that calcitriol minimizes platelet aggregation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via inhibiting integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Authors find that calcitriol reduces platelet aggregation and Src-mediated signaling induced by the spike protein. Specifically, calcitriol attenuated spike protein-enhanced platelet spreading and the phosphorylation of β3, c-Src, and Syk. Using the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2, authors confirmed that the combination with calcitriol did not show additive inhibitory effects, suggesting that calcitriol operates through the same pathway.

21 preclinical studies support the efficacy of vitamin D for COVID-19:

7 In Silico studies1-7

11 In Vitro studies8-18

3 In Vivo animal studies10,14,19

Vitamin D has been identified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as having sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between intake and optimal immune system function20-23. Vitamin D inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro10,17, mitigates lung inflammation, damage, and lethality in mice with an MHV-3 model for β-CoV respiratory infections10,17, reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in nasal epithelial cells via increased type I interferon expression13, downregulates proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-stimulated cells9, attenuates nucleocapsid protein-induced hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the VDR-BRCC3 signaling pathway14, may be neuroprotective by protecting the blood-brain barrier, reducing neuroinflammation, and via immunomodulatory effects24, minimizes platelet aggregation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via inhibiting integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling8, and improves regulatory immune cell levels and control of proinflammatory cytokines in severe COVID-1925. Symptomatic COVID-19 is associated with a lower frequency of natural killer (NK) cells and vitamin D has been shown to improve NK cell activity26,27.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

1. Morales-Bayuelo et al., New findings on ligand series used as SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitors within the frameworks of molecular docking, molecular quantum similarity and chemical reactivity indices, F1000Research, doi:10.12688/f1000research.123550.3.f1000research.com, doi.org.

2. Chellasamy et al., Docking and molecular dynamics studies of human ezrin protein with a modelled SARS-CoV-2 endodomain and their interaction with potential invasion inhibitors, Journal of King Saud University - Science, doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102277.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

3. Pandya et al., Unravelling Vitamin B12 as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: A computational approach, Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100951.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

4. Mansouri et al., The impact of calcitriol and estradiol on the SARS-CoV-2 biological activity: a molecular modeling approach, Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04778-y.nature.com, doi.org.

5. Song et al., Vitamin D3 and its hydroxyderivatives as promising drugs against COVID-19: a computational study, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1964601.tandfonline.com, doi.org.

6. Qayyum et al., Vitamin D and lumisterol novel metabolites can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery enzymes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00174.2021.physiology.org, doi.org.

7. Al-Mazaideh et al., Vitamin D is a New Promising Inhibitor to the Main Protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 by Molecular Docking, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i29B31603.journaljpri.com, doi.org.

8. Wang et al., 1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates platelet aggregation potentiated by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein via inhibiting integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling, Cell Biochemistry and Function, doi:10.1002/cbf.4039.wiley.com, doi.org.

9. Alcalá-Santiago et al., Disentangling the Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D on the SARS-CoV-2 Virus by In Vitro Approaches, The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, doi:10.3390/proceedings2023091415.mdpi.com, doi.org.

10. Campolina-Silva et al., Dietary Vitamin D Mitigates Coronavirus-Induced Lung Inflammation and Damage in Mice, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v15122434.mdpi.com, doi.org.

11. Moatasim et al., Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11112777.mdpi.com, doi.org.

12. Vargas-Castro et al., Calcitriol Downregulates ACE1/ACE2, Renin and TMPRSS2 Gene Expression in the Human Placenta, MDPI AG, doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0402.v1.preprints.org, doi.org.

13. Sposito et al., Age differential CD13 and interferon expression in airway epithelia affect SARS-CoV-2 infection - effects of vitamin D, Mucosal Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.08.002.nih.gov, doi.org.

14. Chen et al., Vitamin D3 attenuates SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein‐caused hyperinflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the VDR‐BRCC3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, MedComm, doi:10.1002/mco2.318.wiley.com, doi.org.

15. Rybakovsky et al., Calcitriol modifies tight junctions, improves barrier function, and reduces TNF‐α‐induced barrier leak in the human lung‐derived epithelial cell culture model, 16HBE 14o‐, Physiological Reports, doi:10.14814/phy2.15592.wiley.com, doi.org.

16. DiGuilio et al., The multiphasic TNF-α-induced compromise of Calu-3 airway epithelial barrier function, Experimental Lung Research, doi:10.1080/01902148.2023.2193637.tandfonline.com, doi.org.

17. Pickard et al., Discovery of re-purposed drugs that slow SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells, PLOS Pathogens, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009840.plos.org, doi.org.

18. Mok et al., Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is a promising candidate for COVID-19 prophylaxis, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.06.21.162396.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

19. Fernandes de Souza et al., Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 Female Mice Is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D, Cells, doi:10.3390/cells12071092.mdpi.com, doi.org.

20. Galmés et al., Suboptimal Consumption of Relevant Immune System Micronutrients Is Associated with a Worse Impact of COVID-19 in Spanish Populations, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu14112254.mdpi.com, doi.org.

21. Galmés (B) et al., Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12092738.mdpi.com, doi.org.

22. EFSA, Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin D and contribution to the normal function of the immune system pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4096.europa.eu, doi.org.

23. EFSA (B), Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin D and normal function of the immune system and inflammatory response (ID 154, 159), maintenance of normal muscle function (ID 155) and maintenance of normal cardiovascular function (ID 159) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (E, EFSA Journal, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1468.wiley.com, doi.org.

24. Gotelli et al., Understanding the immune-endocrine effects of vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a role in protecting against neurodamage?, Neuroimmunomodulation, doi:10.1159/000533286.karger.com, doi.org.

25. Saheb Sharif-Askari et al., Increased blood immune regulatory cells in severe COVID-19 with autoantibodies to type I interferons, Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43675-w.nature.com, doi.org.

26. Graydon et al., High baseline frequencies of natural killer cells are associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Current Research in Immunology, doi:10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100064.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

27. Oh et al., Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific, Frontiers in Immunology, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.594356.frontiersin.org, doi.org.

Wang et al., 15 May 2024, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.

In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.

This Paper Vitamin D All

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 17]], 'date-time': '2024-05-17T00:36:54Z', 'timestamp': 1715906214886}, 'reference-count': 36, 'publisher': 'Wiley', 'issue': '4', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 15]], 'date-time': '2024-05-15T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1715731200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': ['analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6]]}, 'abstract': 'AbstractPlatelet hyperreactivity contributes to the ' 'pathogenesis of COVID‐19, which is associated with a hypercoagulability state and thrombosis ' 'disorder. It has been demonstrated that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the severity ' 'of COVID‐19 infection. Vitamin D supplement is widely used as a dietary supplement due to its ' 'safety and health benefits. In this study, we investigated the direct effects and underlying ' 'mechanisms of 1,25(OH)2D3 on platelet ' 'hyperreactivity induced by SRAS‐CoV‐2 spike protein via Western blot and platelet functional ' 'studies in vitro. Firstly, we found that ' '1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated platelet aggregation and ' 'Src‐mediated signaling. We further observed that ' '1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated spike protein‐potentiated ' 'platelet aggregation in vitro. Mechanistically, ' '1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated spike protein ' 'upregulated‐integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling such as platelet spreading and the ' 'phosphorylation of β3, c‐Src and Syk. Moreover, using PP2, the Src family kinase inhibitor to ' 'abolish spike protein‐stimulated platelet aggregation and integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in ' 'signaling, the combination of PP2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 ' 'did not show additive inhibitory effects on spike protein‐potentiated platelet aggregation ' 'and the phosphorylation of β3, c‐Src and Syk. Thus, our data suggest that ' '1,25(OH)2D3 attenuates platelet aggregation ' 'potentiated by spike protein via downregulating integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in ' 'signaling.', 'DOI': '10.1002/cbf.4039', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-05-16T06:08:27Z', 'timestamp': 1715839707000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': '1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates platelet aggregation potentiated by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein ' 'via inhibiting integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling', 'prefix': '10.1002', 'volume': '42', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Ruijie', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition ' 'Transformation Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong ' 'Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and ' 'Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Zezhong', 'family': 'Tian', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition ' 'Transformation Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong ' 'Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and ' 'Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Caixia', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition ' 'Transformation Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong ' 'Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and ' 'Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Bingying', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}]}, { 'given': 'Meiyan', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-4600', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Yan', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Campus of Sun ' 'Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition ' 'Transformation Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen Guangdong ' 'Province China'}, { 'name': 'Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and ' 'Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Province ' 'China'}]}], 'member': '311', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 15]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_2_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '264', 'DOI': '10.1038/nri2956', 'article-title': 'Platelets and the immune continuum', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Semple JW', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_3_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '120', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13045-020-00954-7', 'article-title': 'SARS‐CoV‐2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID‐19', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Zhang S', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Hematol Oncol'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_4_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.34133/research.0124', 'article-title': 'SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD and its variants can induce platelet activation and ' 'clearance: implications for antibody therapy and vaccinations against ' 'COVID‐19', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Ma X', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Research'}, { 'issue': '7474', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_5_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '131', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature12613', 'article-title': 'A directional switch of integrin signalling and a new anti‐thrombotic ' 'strategy', 'volume': '503', 'author': 'Shen B', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_6_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '97', 'DOI': '10.1111/joim.13149', 'article-title': 'Perspective: vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19 severity ‐ plausibly ' 'linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and ' 'thrombosis', 'volume': '289', 'author': 'Rhodes JM', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_7_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1008874', 'article-title': 'Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID‐19', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'Mohan M', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS Pathog'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_8_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2022.869591', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation modulates platelet‐mediated inflammation in ' 'subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, ' 'placebo‐controlled trial', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Johny E', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_9_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '120', 'DOI': '10.1080/09537104.2017.1386298', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D diminishes the high platelet aggregation of type 2 diabetes ' 'mellitus patients', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Sultan M', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Platelets'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_10_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '23', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161203', 'article-title': 'Extrarenal vitamin D activation and interactions between vitamin D‐2, ' 'vitamin D‐3, and vitamin D analogs', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'Jones G', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Annu Rev Nutr'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_11_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '365', 'DOI': '10.1152/physrev.00014.2015', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and pleiotropic ' 'effects', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Christakos S', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Physiol Rev'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_12_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '274', 'DOI': '10.1002/1097-4644(20001101)79:2<274::AID-JCB100>3.0.CO;2-R', 'article-title': 'Activation of Src kinase in skeletal muscle cells by 1,25‐(OH)2‐vitamin ' 'D3 correlates with tyrosine phosphorylation of the vitamin D receptor ' '(VDR) and VDR‐Src interaction', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'Buitrago C', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'J Cell Biochem'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_13_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1170', 'DOI': '10.1002/jcb.23444', 'article-title': '1α,25(OH)2D3‐dependent modulation of Akt in proliferating and ' 'differentiating C2C12 skeletal muscle cells', 'volume': '113', 'author': 'Buitrago CG', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'J Cell Biochem'}, { 'issue': '14', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_14_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '14130', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M410720200', 'article-title': 'Nongenotropic, anti‐apoptotic signaling of 1α,25(OH)2‐Vitamin D3 and ' 'analogs through the ligand binding domain of the vitamin D receptor in ' 'osteoblasts and osteocytes', 'volume': '280', 'author': 'Vertino AM', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J Biol Chem'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_15_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2013', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood-2014-01-453134', 'article-title': 'Src family kinases: at the forefront of platelet activation', 'volume': '124', 'author': 'Senis YA', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_16_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '852', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.83.4.852', 'article-title': 'Blood platelets express high levels of the pp60c‐src‐specific tyrosine ' 'kinase activity', 'volume': '83', 'author': 'Golden A', 'year': '1986', 'journal-title': 'Proc Nat Acad Sci'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_17_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '288', 'DOI': '10.1038/nrm2871', 'article-title': 'The final steps of integrin activation: the end game', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Shattil SJ', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_18_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms232012345', 'article-title': 'Coenzyme Q10 attenuates human platelet aggregation induced by ' 'SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein via reducing oxidative stress in vitro', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Wang R', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_19_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7858', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M115.706861', 'article-title': 'The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 differentially interacts with fibrin ' 'versus fibrinogen', 'volume': '291', 'author': 'Litvinov RI', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J Biol Chem'}, { 'issue': '25', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_20_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '15825', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M115.648428', 'article-title': 'The tyrosine kinase c‐src specifically binds to the active integrin ' 'αIIbβ3 to initiate outside‐in signaling in platelets', 'volume': '290', 'author': 'Wu Y', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J Biol Chem'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_21_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1317', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood.2020007214', 'article-title': 'Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID‐19', 'volume': '136', 'author': 'Manne BK', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_22_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '181', 'DOI': '10.1038/nrcardio.2017.206', 'article-title': 'Current and future antiplatelet therapies: emphasis on preserving ' 'haemostasis', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'McFadyen JD', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Cardiol'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_23_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1415', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.315892', 'article-title': 'Nutrition, thrombosis, and cardiovascular disease', 'volume': '126', 'author': 'Violi F', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Circ Res'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_24_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5251', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms22105251', 'article-title': 'Immunological aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the putative ' 'beneficial role of Vitamin‐D', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Peng MY', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_25_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms232012292', 'article-title': 'A review: highlighting the links between epigenetics, COVID‐19 ' 'infection, and vitamin D', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Foolchand A', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Int J Mol Sci'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_26_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '434', 'DOI': '10.1111/jth.15575', 'article-title': 'Unconventional CD147‐dependent platelet activation elicited by ' 'SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Maugeri N', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J Thromb Haemostasis'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_27_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1172/JCI150101', 'article-title': 'Platelets mediate inflammatory monocyte activation by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike ' 'protein', 'volume': '132', 'author': 'Li T', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Invest'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_28_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '26', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13045-019-0709-6', 'article-title': 'Platelet integrin αIIbβ3: signal transduction, regulation, and its ' 'therapeutic targeting', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Huang J', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J Hematol Oncol'}, { 'issue': '14', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_29_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1607', 'DOI': '10.1182/blood-2017-03-773614', 'article-title': 'Integrin αIIbβ3 outside‐in signaling', 'volume': '130', 'author': 'Durrant TN', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Blood'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_30_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '80', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.057', 'article-title': 'Platelet αIIbβ3 integrin binds to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein of alpha ' 'strain but not wild type and omicron strains', 'volume': '657', 'author': 'Ito K', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Biochem Biophys Res Commun'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_31_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231576', 'article-title': 'SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant infection affects blood platelets, a ' 'comparative analysis with Delta variant', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Garcia C', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_32_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '768', 'DOI': '10.1055/s-0040-1709523', 'article-title': 'Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation is associated with ' '25‐Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy adults', 'volume': '120', 'author': 'Aleva FE', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Thromb Haemost'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_33_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0008670', 'article-title': 'Mitochondrial localization of vitamin D receptor in human platelets and ' 'differentiated megakaryocytes', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Silvagno F', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_34_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2097', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12072097', 'article-title': 'Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Charoenngam N', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_35_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1308', 'DOI': '10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID‐19: systematic review and ' 'meta‐analysis', 'volume': '62', 'author': 'Pereira M', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr'}, { 'key': 'e_1_2_9_36_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'i6583', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.i6583', 'article-title': 'Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract ' 'infections: systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual ' 'participant data', 'volume': '356', 'author': 'Martineau AR', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'e_1_2_9_37_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-24053-4', 'article-title': 'Association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID‐19 infection ' 'and mortality', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Gibbons JB', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}], 'container-title': 'Cell Biochemistry and Function', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-05-16T06:08:38Z', 'timestamp': 1715839718000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbf.4039'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 15]]}, 'references-count': 36, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '4', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['10.1002/cbf.4039'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.4039', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0263-6484', '1099-0844'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Cell Biochemistry &amp; Function', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 15]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '2024-01-14', 'order': 0, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2024-05-05', 'order': 1, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2024-05-15', 'order': 2, 'name': 'published', 'label': 'Published', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}

Download Image

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

Submit

Post

@CovidAnalysis

FAQ

Public domain CC0 1.0