All Studies Meta Analysis

Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases

Okeke et al., Current Research in Microbial Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293

Oct 2024

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Chlorhexidine

46th treatment shown to reduce risk in January 2024, now with p = 0.00000000062 from 3 studies.

Lower risk for progression, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,000+ studies for 104 treatments. c19early.org

Review of the use of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal virucidal agents such as povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and others for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases. Authors present their use as an additional measure to control viral spread. Authors report that several compounds have in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating efficacy in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Authors discuss the mechanisms of action of these agents, and note potential challenges associated with prolonged use, such as the possibility of them affecting the oral/pharyngeal microbiota and leading to dysbiosis.

Reviews covering chlorhexidine for COVID-19 include1,2.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

Review covers povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide.

1. Brito-Reia et al., Antiviral Mechanism and Clinical Benefits of Mouthwash Active Against SARS-CoV-2, Current Oral Health Reports, doi:10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1.springer.com, doi.org.

2. Ting et al., The In Vitro Virucidal Effects of Mouthwashes on SARS-CoV-2, International Journal of Translational Medicine, doi:10.3390/ijtm2030030.mdpi.com, doi.org.

Okeke et al., 21 Oct 2024, Nigeria, peer-reviewed, 7 authors. Contact: anthonyc.ike@unn.edu.ng.

This Paper Chlorhexidine All

Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases

Kizito I Okeke, Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule, Obianuju O Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu N Orabueze, Christian U Iroegbu, Kingsley A Egbe, Anthony C Ike

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293

Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have all had significant negative impact on global health and economy. COVID-19 alone, has resulted to millions of deaths with new cases and mortality still being reported in its various waves. The development and use of vaccines have not stopped the transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, even among vaccinated individuals. The use of vaccines and curative drugs should be supplemented with adoption of simple hygiene preventive measures in the fight against the spread of the virus, especially for healthcare workers. Several virucidal topical antiseptics, such as povidoneiodine (PVP-I), citrox, cyclodextrins among others, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The strategic application of these virucidal formulations could provide the additional impetus needed to effectively control the spread of the virus. We have here presented a simple dimension towards curtailing the dissemination of COVID-19, and other coronaviruses, through the application of effective oral, nasal and eye antiseptics among patients and medical personnel. We have further discussed the mechanism of action of some of these commonly available virucidal solutions while also highlighting some essential controversies in their use.

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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