All Studies Meta Analysis

Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases

Okeke et al., Current Research in Microbial Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293

Oct 2024

Post
Facebook

Source PDF All Studies Meta AnalysisMeta

Hydrogen Peroxide

21st treatment shown to reduce risk in May 2021, now with p = 0.029 from 7 studies.

Lower risk for viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,100+ studies for 109 treatments. c19early.org

Review of the use of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal virucidal agents such as povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and others for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases. Authors present their use as an additional measure to control viral spread. Authors report that several compounds have in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating efficacy in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Authors discuss the mechanisms of action of these agents, and note potential challenges associated with prolonged use, such as the possibility of them affecting the oral/pharyngeal microbiota and leading to dysbiosis.

Reviews covering hydrogen peroxide for COVID-19 include1-4.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

Review covers povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide.

Okeke et al., 21 Oct 2024, Nigeria, peer-reviewed, 7 authors. Contact: anthonyc.ike@unn.edu.ng.

This Paper Hydrogen Per..All

Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases

Kizito I Okeke, Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule, Obianuju O Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu N Orabueze, Christian U Iroegbu, Kingsley A Egbe, Anthony C Ike

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293

Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have all had significant negative impact on global health and economy. COVID-19 alone, has resulted to millions of deaths with new cases and mortality still being reported in its various waves. The development and use of vaccines have not stopped the transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, even among vaccinated individuals. The use of vaccines and curative drugs should be supplemented with adoption of simple hygiene preventive measures in the fight against the spread of the virus, especially for healthcare workers. Several virucidal topical antiseptics, such as povidoneiodine (PVP-I), citrox, cyclodextrins among others, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The strategic application of these virucidal formulations could provide the additional impetus needed to effectively control the spread of the virus. We have here presented a simple dimension towards curtailing the dissemination of COVID-19, and other coronaviruses, through the application of effective oral, nasal and eye antiseptics among patients and medical personnel. We have further discussed the mechanism of action of some of these commonly available virucidal solutions while also highlighting some essential controversies in their use.

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

Adeoye, Cabral-Marques, Cyclodextrin nanosystems in oral drug delivery: a mini review, Int. J. Pharm, doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.050

Agrawal, Ding, Wei, Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, JAMa Ophthalmol, doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5810

Ahmad, Impact of gargling on respiratory infections, All. Life, doi:10.1080/26895293.2021.1893834

Al-Namaeh, COVID-19 and conjunctivitis: a meta-analysis, Ther. Adv. Ophthalmol, doi:10.1177/25158414211003368

Alharbi, Alharbi, Alqaidi, Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi. Dent. J, doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.04.001

Ali, Hegde, Nair, Bajaj, Betharia et al., All india ophthalmological society -oculoplastics association of india consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indian J. Ophthalmol, doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1415_20

Alluwaimi, Alshubaith, Al-Ali, Abohelaika, The coronaviruses of animals and birds: their zoonosis, vaccines, and models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, Front. Vet. Sci, doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.582287

Alrashdan, Leao, Doble, Mccullough, Porter, The effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on systemic disease: what is the evidence?, doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012

Anderson, Sivalingam, Kang, Ananthanarayanan, Arumugam et al., Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease, Infect. Dis. Ther, doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3

Arefin, Povidone iodine (pvp-i) oro-nasal spray: an effective shield for covid-19 protection for health care worker (HCW), for all, Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck. Surg, doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02525-9

Arora, Goel, Kumar, Chhabra, Saxena et al., Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, Ophthalmology, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.029

Ather, Patel, Ruparel, Diogenes, Hargreaves, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care, J. Endod, doi:10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008

Baghizadeh, Oral saliva and COVID-19, Oral Oncol, doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104821

Bergwerk, Gonen, Lustig, Amit, Lipsitch et al., COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated Health Care Workers, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2109072

Bescos, Ashworth, Cutler, Brookes, Belfield et al., Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4

Bidra, Pelletier, Westover, Frank, Brown et al., Comparison of in vitro inactivation of SARS COV-2 with hydrogen peroxide and povidone-iodine oral antiseptic rinses, J. Prosthodont, doi:10.1111/jopr.13220

Bosch, Biesbroek, Trzcinski, Sanders, Bogaert, Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract, PLoS. Pathog, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057

Braga, Cyclodextrins: emerging medicines of the new millennium, Biomolecules, doi:10.3390/biom9120801

Brookes, Belfield, Ashworth, Casas-Agustench, Raja et al., Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome, J. Dent, doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768

Brookes, Teoh, Cieplik, Kumar, Mouthwash effects on the oral microbiome: are they good, bad, or balanced?, Int. Dent. J, doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.010

Byambasuren, Beller, Clark, Collignon, Glasziou, The effect of eye protection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic review, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, doi:10.1186/s13756-021-01025-3

Carod-Artal, Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19, Rev Neurolog, doi:10.33588/rn.7009.2020179

Carrouel, Conte, Fisher, Gonçalves, Dussart et al., COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of mouthrinses with β-cyclodextrin combined with citrox in preventing infection and progression, J. Clin. Med, doi:10.3390/jcm9041126

Carrouel, Gonçalves, Conte, Campus, Fisher et al., Antiviral activity of reagents in mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2, J. Dent Res, doi:10.1177/0022034520967933

Caruso, Del Prete, Lazzarino, Capaldi, Grumetto, Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?, Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol, doi:10.1017/ice.2020.170

Carvalho, Boeder, Shimari, Kleschyov, Esberg et al., Antibacterial mouthwash alters gut microbiome, reducing nutrient absorption and fat accumulation in Western dietfed mice, Sci. Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54068-y

Cascella, Rajnik, Aleem, Dulebohn, Di Napoli, Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19)

Castro-Ruiz, Vergara-Buenaventura, Povidone-iodine solution: a potential antiseptic to minimize the risk of COVID-19? A narrative review, J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent, doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_304_20

Chafekar, Fielding, MERS-CoV: understanding the latest human coronavirus threat, Viruses, doi:10.3390/v10020093

Cheng, Huynh, Yang, Hu, Shen et al., Hesperidin is a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13082800

Cherry, Krogstad, SARS: the first pandemic of the 21st century, Paediatr Res, doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000129184.87042.FC

Chopra, Sivaraman, Radhakrishnan, Balakrishnan, Narayana, Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update, Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev, doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001

Chu, Akl, Duda, Solo, Yaacoub et al., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9

Chung, Thone, Kwon, COVID-19 vaccines: the status and perspectives in delivery points of view, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011

Corey, Beyrer, Cohen, Michael, Bedford et al., SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with immunosuppression, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMs62104756

Coroneo, Collignon, SARS-CoV-2: eye protection might be the missing key, Lancet Microbe, doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00040-9

Cucinotta, Vanelli, WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic, Acta Biomed, doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397

Danthi, Chow, Cholesterol removal by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibits poliovirus entry, J. Virol, doi:10.1128/jvi.78.1.33-41.2004

Davies, Buczkowski, Welch, Green, Mawer et al., Effective in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available mouthwashes, J. Gen. Virol, doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001578

Dawood, Transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus through the ocular mucosa worth taking precautions, Vacunas, doi:10.1016/j.vacun.2020.09.003

De Wit, Van Doremalen, Falzarano, Munster, SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81

Dembinski, Hungnes, Hauge, Kristoffersen, Haneberg et al., Hydrogen peroxide inactivation of influenza virus preserves antigenic structure and immunogenicity, J. Virol. Methods, doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.003

Dhama, Patel, Sharun, Pathak, Tiwari et al., SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus, Travel. Med. Infect. Dis, doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830

Dhand, Li, Coughs and sneezes: their role in transmission of respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, Am J Resp Crit Care Med, doi:10.1164/rccm.202004-1263PP

Domingo, Farrales, Loya, Pura, Uy, The effect of 1% povidone iodine as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in 20 patients with varying degrees of oral hygiene, J. Philipp. Dent. Assoc

Duan, Zheng, Zhang, Niu, Lou et al., The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biosynthesis, structure, function, and antigenicity: implications for the design of spike-based vaccine immunogens, Front. Immunol, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622

Eggers, Eickmann, Zorn, Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), Infect. Dis. Ther, doi:10.1007/s40121-015-0091-9

Eggers, Infectious disease management and control with povidone iodine, Infect. Dis. Ther, doi:10.1007/s40121-019-00260-x

Eggers, Koburger-Janssen, Eickmann, Zorn, In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine gargle/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens, Infect. Dis. Ther, doi:10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7

Elzein, Abdel-Sater, Fakhreddine, Hanna, Feghali et al., In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A randomizedcontrolled clinical trial, J Evid-Based Dent Pract, doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101584

Fan, Peters, Min, Ahn, Hayes, Comparison of the oral microbiome in mouthwash and whole saliva samples, PLoS. One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194729

Fehr, Perlman, Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis, Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol

Ferrer, Ás, Barrueco, Martinez-Beneyto, Mateos-Moreno et al., Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2, Sci. Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03461-y

Forcados, Muhammad, Oladipo, Makama, Meseko, Metabolic implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.654813

Franco-Paredes, Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among fully vaccinated individuals, Lancet Infect. Dis, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00768-4

Frank, Capriotti, Brown, Tessema, Povidone-iodine use in sinonasal and oral cavities: a review of safety in the COVID-19 era, Ear Nose Throat J, doi:10.1177/0145561320932318

Gandhi, Thimmappa, Upadhya, Carnelio, Could mouth rinses be an adjuvant in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients? An appraisal with a systematic review, Int. J. Dent. Hyg, doi:10.1111/idh.12555

Garrido, Calvelo, Blanco-González, Veleiro, Suárez et al., The lord of the nanorings: cyclodextrins and the battle against SARS-CoV-2, Int. J. Pharm, doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119689

Ghafoor, Khan, Khan, Ualiyeva, Zaman, Excessive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 posing a potential threat to living beings, Curr. Res. Toxicol, doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.008

Gilbert, Moore, Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet, J App Microbiol, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02664.x

Go, Lee, Kong, Jeong, Lee et al., Screening of cytotoxic or cytostatic flavonoids with quantitative fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator-based cell cycle assay, R. Soc. Open. Sci, doi:10.1098/rsos.181303

Gottsauner, Michaelides, Schmidt, Scholz, Buchalla et al., A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2, Clin. Oral Investig, doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03549-1

Gray, Katelaris, Lipson, Recurrent anaphylaxis caused by topical povidone-iodine (Betadine), J. Paediatr. Child Health, doi:10.1111/jpc.12232

Grief, Upper respiratory infections, Prim. Care, doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004

Grzybowski, Kanclerz, Myers, The use of povidone-iodine in ophthalmology, Curr Opinion Ophthalmol, doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000437

Haque, Sartelli, Mckimm, Abu Bakar, Health care-associated infections -An overview, Infect. Drug Resist, doi:10.2147/IDR.S177247

Hassandarvish, Tiong, Sazaly, Mohamed, Arumugam et al., Povidone iodine gargle and mouthwash, Brit Dent J, doi:10.1038/s41415-020-1794-1

Herrera, Serrano, Roldán, Sanz, Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?, Clin. Oral Investig, doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03413-2

Hoffmann, Kleine-Weber, Schroeder, Krüger, Herrler et al., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052

Hu, Cai, Song, Li, Zhao et al., Possible SARS-coronavirus 2 inhibitor revealed by simulated molecular docking to viral main protease and host toll-like receptor, Future Virol, doi:10.2217/fvl-2020-0099

Huang, Huang, Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, J. Med. Virol, doi:10.1002/jmv.26954

Ita, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): current status and prospects for drug and vaccine development, Arch. Med. Res, doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.010

Jain, Lodha, Kabra, Upper respiratory tract infections, Indian J Paediatr, doi:10.1007/BF02722930

Jambhekar, Breen, Cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulations I: structure and physicochemical properties, formation of complexes, and types of complex, Drug Discov. Today, doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.017

Jayaweera, Perera, Gunawardana, Manatunge, Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: a critical review on the unresolved dichotomy, Environ. Res, doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819

Jo, Kim, Kim, Shin, Kim, Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors, Chem. Biol. Drug Des, doi:10.1111/cbdd.13604

Jones, Cagno, Janeček, Ortiz, Gasilova et al., Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals, Sci. Adv, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax9318

Kanagalingam, Feliciano, Hah, Labib, Le et al., Practical use of povidone-iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal infections, Int. J. Clin. Pract, doi:10.1111/ijcp.12707

Kariwa, Fujii, Takashima, Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions and chemical reagents, Dermatology, doi:10.1159/000089211

Kariwa, Fujii, Takashima, Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents, Jap J Vet Res

Kaya, Çalıs ¸kan, Okul, Sarı, Akbudak, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the tears and conjunctival secretions of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, J. Infect. Dev. Ctries, doi:10.3855/jidc.13224

Keegan, Truelove, Lessler, Analysis of vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 and emergence of Delta and other variants of concern in Utah, JAMa Netw. Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40906

Khan, Parab, Paranjape, Repurposing 0.5% povidone iodine solution in otorhinolaryngology practice in Covid 19 pandemic, Am. J. Otolaryngol, doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102618

Khater, Greco, Osborn, Antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Molecules, doi:10.3390/molecules25204712

Kim, Rimmer, Mrad, Ahmadzada, Harvey, Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells, J. Laryngol. Otol, doi:10.1017/S0022215114002746

Kirk-Bayley, Sunkaraneni, Challacombe, The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may reduce cross infection and protect healthcare workers, SSRN Electr J, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3563092

Kitamura, Satomura, Kawamura, Yamada, Takashima et al., Can we prevent influenzalike illnesses by gargling?, Intern. Med, doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0104

Koch, Nilsen, Eriksen, Cox, Harthug, Mortality related to hospital-associated infections in a tertiary hospital; repeated cross-sectional studies between 2004 and 2011, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, doi:10.1186/s13756-015-0097-9

Koerner, George, Meyer, Rosco, Habib, Povidoneiodine concentration and dosing in cataract surgery, Surv. Ophthalmol, doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.002

Kramar, Eggers, Prevention of respiratory viral infections by virucidal mucosal antisepsis among medical staff and the community, Hyg. Med

Kumar, Mishra, Dunn, Townsend, Oguadinma et al., Biocides and novel antimicrobial agents for the mitigation of coronaviruses, Front. Microbiol, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351

Kumpitsch, Koskinen, Schöpf, Moissl-Eichinger, The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease, BMC. Biol, doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z

Kurakula, Rao, Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): as excipient from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on COVID-19 inhibition, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol, doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102046

Lachapelle, Castel, Casado, Leroy, Micali et al., Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance: a focus on povidone iodine, Clin. Pract, doi:10.2217/cpr.13.50

Lelieveld, Helleis, Borrmann, Cheng, Drewnick et al., Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of COVID-19 in indoor environments, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, doi:10.3390/ijerph17218114

Li, Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins, Annu Rev. Virol, doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301

Liu, Chen, Jeng, Chang, Wang et al., Short-term effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and listerine on oral microbiome in hospitalized patients, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1056534

Liu, Xiao, Sun, Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, JAMa Ophthalmol, doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5813

Ma, Wei, Sang, Dong, Structural characterization, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities of flavonoids from the bulbs of Heleocharis dulcis, Bioorg. Chem, doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103630

Majumder, Minko, Recent developments on therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for COVID-19, Am Assoc Pharm Sci J, doi:10.1208/s12248-020-00532-2

Martínez Lamas, Diz Dios, Pérez Rodríguez, Del Campo Pérez, Cabrera Alvargonzalez et al., Is povidone iodine mouthwash effective against SARS-CoV-2? First in vivo tests, Oral Dis, doi:10.1111/odi.13526

Meister, Brüggemann, Todt, Conzelmann, Müller et al., Virucidal efficacy of different oral rinses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, J. Infect. Dis, doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa471

Menezes, Andrade, Frank, De Souza, Trindade et al., Advances of nanosystems containing cyclodextrins and their applications in pharmaceuticals, Int. J. Pharm, doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.041

Middleton, Kandaswami, Theoharides, The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer, Pharmacol. Rev

Mitsui, Harasawa, The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria, J. Oral Sci, doi:10.2334/josnusd.16-0593

Montefiori, We-Jr, Robinson, Modliszewski, Mitchell, Effective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with chlorhexidine antiseptics containing detergents and alcohol, J. Hosp. Infect, doi:10.1016/0195-6701(90)90036-n

Mouffouk, Mouffouk, Mouffouk, Hambaba, Haba, Flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteases (3CLpro and PLpro), spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2), Eur. J. Pharmacol, doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173759

Muankaew, Loftsson, Cyclodextrin-based formulations: a non-invasive platform for targeted drug delivery, Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol, doi:10.1111/bcpt.12917

Muchtaridi, Fauzi, Khairul Ikram, Mohd Gazzali, Wahab, Natural flavonoids as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors for anti-SARS-CoV-2, Molecules, doi:10.3390/molecules25173980

Muller, Mcgeer, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Semin Resp Crit Care Med, doi:10.1055/s-2007-976492

Murphy, Bakaletz, Smeesters, Microbial interactions in the respiratory tract, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec

Nagatake, Ahmed, Oishi, Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle, Dermatology, doi:10.1159/000057722

Nair, Mahajan, Reynolds, Aalinkeel, Nair et al., The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-kappa beta system, Clin Vaccin Immunol, doi:10.1128/CVI.13.3.319-328.2006

Naqvi, Citardi, Cattano, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Knackstedt et al., Povidone-iodine solution as SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis for procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract a theoretical framework, J Otolaryngol -Head Neck Surg, doi:10.1186/s40463-020-00474-x

Nesterova, Povet'eva, Zibareva, Suslov, Zueva et al., Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids from Lychnis chalcedonica L, Exp. Biol. Med, doi:10.1007/s10517-017-3771-5

Ni, Yang, Yang, Bao, Li et al., Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19, Crit care (Lond Engl), doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0

Nnaemeka, Okafor, Orababar, Anikwe, Onwe et al., COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.23286008

Nova, Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses in humans and domestic mammals, what are the ecological mechanisms driving transmission, spillover, and disease emergence? Front, Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.717941

O'donnell, Thomas, Stanton, Maillard, Murphy et al., Potential role of oral rinses targeting the viral lipid envelope in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Function, doi:10.1093/function/zqaa002

Okeke, None, Current Research in Microbial Sciences

Ozturker, Conjunctivitis as sole symptom of COVID-19: a case report and review of literature, Eur. J. Ophthalmol, doi:10.1177/1120672120946287

Palacios-Rápalo, De Jesús-González, Cordero-Rivera, Farfan-Morales, Osuna-Ramos et al., Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 entry, Front. Immunol, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855

Panche, Diwan, Chandra, Flavonoids: an overview, J. Nutr. Sci, doi:10.1017/jns.2016.41

Park, Min, Yu, Kim, Kim et al., Effects of apigenin on RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and HaCaT cells: anti-Allergic, antiinflammatory, and skin-protective activities, Int. J. Mol. Sci, doi:10.3390/ijms21134620

Pattanshetty, Narayana, Radhakrishnan, Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Oral Dis, doi:10.1111/odi.13378

Pelletier, Tessema, Frank, Westover, Brown et al., Efficacy of povidone-iodine nasal and oral antiseptic preparations against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ear Nose Throat J, doi:10.1177/0145561320957237

Peng, Xu, Li, Cheng, Zhou et al., Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice, Int. J. Oral Sci, doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9

Plummer, Maddaford, Murray, Fairley, Pasricha et al., The impact of mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiota of men who have sex with men: a substudy of the OMEGA trial, Microbiol. Spectr, doi:10.1128/spectrum.01757-21

Pratelli, Colao, Role of the lipid rafts in the life cycle of canine coronavirus, J. Gen. Virol, doi:10.1099/vir.0.070870-0

Radzki, Wilhelm-Weglarz, Pruska, Kusiak, Ordyniec-Kwa´snica, Fresh look at mouthwashes -What is inside and what is it for?, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, doi:10.3390/ijerph19073926

Ren, Zhang, Xiang, Hu, Cheng et al., The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, BMC. Oral Health, doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02920-4

Riemersma, Haddock, Wilson, Minor, Eickhoff et al., Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination, PLoS. Pathog, doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010876

Rosas-Salazar, Kimura, Shilts, Strickland, Freeman et al., SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper respiratory tract microbiome, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001

Russo, Moccia, Spagnuolo, Tedesco, Russo, Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection, Chem-Biolog Interact, doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109211

Ryu, Jeong, Kim, Kim, Park et al., Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition, Bioorg. Med. Chem, doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035

Safari, Inanloorahatloo, Elahi, Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome from December 2019 to late March 2020: emerged haplotypes and informative Tag nucleotide variations, J. Med. Virol, doi:10.1002/jmv.26553

Salamanna, Maglio, Landini, Fini, Body localization of ACE-2: on the trail of the keyhole of SARS-CoV-2, Front. Med, doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.594495

Saokham, Muankaew, Jansook, Loftsson, Solubility of cyclodextrins and drug/cyclodextrin complexes, Molecules, doi:10.3390/molecules23051161

Satomura, Kitamura, Kawamura, Shimbo, Watanabe et al., Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a randomized trial, Am. J. Prev. Med, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013

Scalinci, Trovato Battagliola, Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19, IDCases, doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00774

Selvaggi, Monstrey, Van Landuyt, Hamdi, Blondeel, The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: a reappraisal, Acta Chir. Belg, doi:10.1080/00015458.2003.11679417

Seneviratne, Balan, Ko, Udawatte, Lai et al., Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore, Infection, doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9

Shang, Wan, Luo, Ye, Geng et al., Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, Proc Nat Acad Sci, doi:10.1073/pnas.2003138117

Shereen, Khan, Kazmi, Bashir, Siddique, COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses, J. Adv. Res, doi:10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005

Shimizu, Lima, Pereira, Bittar, Batista et al., Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Inhibit hepatitis C virus entry, Sci. Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16336-y

Singanayaman, Hakki, Dunning, Madon, Crone et al., Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study, Lancet Infect. Dis, doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)006484

Sitanaya, Lesmana, Irayani, Hamid, Achmad et al., Effect of using povidone iodine and herbal propolis antibacterial mouth on blood pressure, J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol, doi:10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.08.051

South, Brady, Flynn, ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2), COVID-19, and ACE inhibitor and Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor blocker use during the pandemic: the pediatric perspective, Hypertension, doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15291

Spagnuolo, Moccia, Russo, Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids in neurodegenerative disorders, Eur. J. Med. Chem, doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.001

Sriwilaijaroen, Wilairat, Hiramatsu, Takahashi, Suzuki et al., Mechanisms of the action of povidone-iodine against human and avian influenza A viruses: its effects on hemagglutination and sialidase activities, Virol. J, doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-124

Suhail, Zajac, Fossum, Lowater, Mccracken et al., Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review, Protein J, doi:10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8

Sun, Wang, Liu, Liu, Role of the eye in transmitting human coronavirus: what we know and what we do not know, Front Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155

Swelum, Shafi, Albaqami, El-Saadony, Elsify et al., COVID-19 in human, animal, and environment: a review, Front. Vet. Sci, doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00578

Tarighi, Eftekhari, Chizari, Sabernavaei, Jafari et al., A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment, Eur. J. Pharmacol, doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173890

Tavsan, Kayali, Flavonoids showed anticancer effects on the ovarian cancer cells: involvement of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasion, Biomed. PharmacOther, doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109004

Thangavelu, Kaspar, Kathirvelu, Srinivasan, Srinivasan et al., Chlorhexidine: an elixir for periodontics, J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci, doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_162_20

To, Tsang, Yip, Chan, Wu et al., Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva, Clin. Infect. Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa149

Tu, Tang, Yu, Liu, Liu et al., Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 by electrochemical oxidation, Sci Bull, doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.025

Viana, Van Dorp, Nunes, Gomes, Van Boren et al., Controlling the pandemic during the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rollout, Nat Comm, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23938-8

Vieira Colombo, Magalhães, Hartenbach, Martins Do Souto, Maciel Da Silva-Boghossian, Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of medical importance, Microb. Pathog, doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.009

Walls, Park, Tortorici, Wall, Mcguire et al., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058

Wang, Grunewald, Perlman, Coronaviruses: an updated overview of their replication and pathogenesis, Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol

Who, Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) Pandemic

Yimenu, Adelo, Siraj, Kassie, Hammeso et al., Health professionals oral health knowledge and practice: unleashing the hidden challenges, J. Multidiscip. Healthc, doi:10.2147/JMDH.S254964

Yoon, Yoon, Song, Yoon, Lim et al., Clinical significance of a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva, J. Korean Med. Sci, doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195

Zhan, Ta, Tang, Hua, Wang et al., Potential antiviral activity of isorhamnetin against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus in vitro, Drug Dev. Res, doi:10.1002/ddr.21815

Zhang, Liu, Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systematic review, J. Med. Virol, doi:10.1002/jmv.25707

Zhao, Hu, Li, Wang, Xia et al., Use of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution for sterilisation and preservation improves mechanical properties and osteogenesis of allografts, Sci. Rep, doi:10.1038/srep38669

Zhou, Xu, Castiglione, Soiberman, Eberhart et al., ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, Ocul Surface, doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.007

Zhu, Zhang, Wang, Li, Yang et al., Tan W & China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020) A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

Zou, Ruan, Huang, Liang, Huang et al., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients, N. Engl. J. Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001737

Zumla, Hui, Perlman, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8

Zupin, Pascolo, Crovella, Is FURIN gene expression in salivary glands related to SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through saliva?, J. Clin. Pathol, doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206788

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-11-03T03:10:16Z', 'timestamp': 1730603416882, 'version': '3.28.0'}, 'reference-count': 176, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1704067200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1704067200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 10, 14]], 'date-time': '2024-10-14T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1728864000000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 287, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 10, 16]], 'date-time': '2024-10-16T11:35:32Z', 'timestamp': 1729078532000}, 'page': '100293', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'special_numbering': 'C', 'title': 'Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '7', 'author': [ {'given': 'Kizito I.', 'family': 'Okeke', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-1641', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Chukwuemeka Samson', 'family': 'Ahamefule', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Obianuju O.', 'family': 'Nnabuife', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ibuchukwu N.', 'family': 'Orabueze', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Christian U.', 'family': 'Iroegbu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kingsley A.', 'family': 'Egbe', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-6141', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Anthony C.', 'family': 'Ike', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0152', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '521', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.050', 'article-title': 'Cyclodextrin nanosystems in oral drug delivery: a mini review', 'volume': '531', 'author': 'Adeoye', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0104', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '253', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5810', 'article-title': 'Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019', 'volume': '139', 'author': 'Agrawal', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMa Ophthalmol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0070', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '147', 'DOI': '10.1080/26895293.2021.1893834', 'article-title': 'Impact of gargling on respiratory infections', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Ahmad', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'All. Life'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0107', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 and conjunctivitis: a meta-analysis', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Al-Namaeh', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ther. Adv. Ophthalmol.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0083', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '181', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.04.001', 'article-title': 'Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Alharbi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Saudi. Dent. J.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0076', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '974', 'DOI': '10.4103/ijo.IJO_1415_20', 'article-title': 'All india ophthalmological society - oculoplastics association of india ' 'consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal ' 'surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Ali', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Indian J. Ophthalmol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0002', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fvets.2020.582287', 'article-title': 'The coronaviruses of animals and birds: their zoonosis, vaccines, and ' 'models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Alluwaimi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Vet. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0179', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S82', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012', 'article-title': 'The effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on systemic disease: what is ' 'the evidence?', 'volume': '73', 'author': 'Alrashdan', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Int. Dent. J.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0167', 'unstructured': 'American Dental Association (ADA) (2022) American Dental Association ' 'Interim Guidance for Minimizing Risk of COVID-19 Transmission. Updated ' 'April 1, 2020. ' 'http://success.ada.org/∼/media/CPS/Files/COVID/ADA_COVID_Rapid_Advice_Treat_Pts.pdf; ' 'Accessed January 27, 2022.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0059', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '669', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in vitro virucidal activity against ' 'SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Anderson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0066', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Povidone iodine (pvp-i) oro-nasal spray: an effective shield for ' 'covid-19 protection for health care worker (HCW), for all', 'volume': '2021', 'author': 'Arefin', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck. Surg.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '494', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.029', 'article-title': 'Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '128', 'author': 'Arora', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ophthalmology.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0084', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '584', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental ' 'care', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Ather', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Endod.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0091', 'article-title': 'Oral saliva and COVID-19', 'volume': '108', 'author': 'Baghizadeh', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Oral Oncol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0071', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1474', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2109072', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated Health Care Workers', 'volume': '385', 'author': 'Bergwerk', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0170', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Bescos R., Ashworth A., Cutler C., Brookes Z.L., Belfield L., Rodiles ' 'A., Casas-Agustench P., Farnham G., Liddle L., Burleigh M., White D., ' 'Easton C., Hickson M. (2020) Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the ' 'oral microbiome. 10:5254. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4.', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0060', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '599', 'DOI': '10.1111/jopr.13220', 'article-title': 'Comparison of in vitro inactivation of SARS COV-2 with hydrogen ' 'peroxide and povidone-iodine oral antiseptic rinses', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Bidra', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Prosthodont.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0036', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057', 'article-title': 'Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Bosch', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'PLoS. Pathog.'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0157', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '801', 'DOI': '10.3390/biom9120801', 'article-title': 'Cyclodextrins: emerging medicines of the new millennium', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Braga', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Biomolecules.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0174', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768', 'article-title': 'Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome', 'volume': '113', 'author': 'Brookes', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Dent.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0169', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S74', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.010', 'article-title': 'Mouthwash effects on the oral microbiome: are they good, bad, or ' 'balanced?', 'volume': '73', 'author': 'Brookes', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Int. Dent. J.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0112', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '156', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13756-021-01025-3', 'article-title': 'The effect of eye protection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic ' 'review', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Byambasuren', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0008', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '311', 'DOI': '10.33588/rn.7009.2020179', 'article-title': 'Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19', 'volume': '70', 'author': 'Carod-Artal', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Rev Neurolog'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0149', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1126', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm9041126', 'article-title': 'COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of mouthrinses with ' 'β-cyclodextrin combined with citrox in preventing infection and ' 'progression', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Carrouel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Med.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0050', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '124', 'DOI': '10.1177/0022034520967933', 'article-title': 'Antiviral activity of reagents in mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Carrouel', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Dent Res'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0166', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1360', 'DOI': '10.1017/ice.2020.170', 'article-title': 'Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and ' 'complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Caruso', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0168', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4025', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-024-54068-y', 'article-title': 'Antibacterial mouthwash alters gut microbiome, reducing nutrient ' 'absorption and fat accumulation in Western diet-fed mice', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Carvalho', 'year': '2024', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'}, { 'article-title': 'Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19)', 'year': '2022', 'series-title': 'StatPearls [Internet]', 'author': 'Cascella', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0069'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0085', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '681', 'DOI': '10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_304_20', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine solution: a potential antiseptic to minimize the risk ' 'of COVID-19? A narrative review', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Castro-Ruiz', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0016', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '93', 'DOI': '10.3390/v10020093', 'article-title': 'MERS-CoV: understanding the latest human coronavirus threat', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Chafekar', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Viruses.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0147', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2800', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu13082800', 'article-title': 'Hesperidin is a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Cheng', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0012', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1203/01.PDR.0000129184.87042.FC', 'article-title': 'SARS: the first pandemic of the 21st century', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Cherry', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Paediatr Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0038', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '39', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001', 'article-title': 'Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and ' 'decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the ' 'COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update', 'volume': '57', 'author': 'Chopra', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev.'}, { 'issue': '10242', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0111', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1973', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9', 'article-title': 'Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent ' 'person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Chu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0026', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 vaccines: the status and perspectives in delivery points of ' 'view', 'volume': '170', 'author': 'Chung', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0128', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '562', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMsb2104756', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with immunosuppression', 'volume': '385', 'author': 'Corey', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0101', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e173', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00040-9', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2: eye protection might be the missing key', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Coroneo', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Microbe'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0022', 'first-page': '157', 'article-title': 'WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic', 'volume': '91', 'author': 'Cucinotta', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Acta Biomed.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0158', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '33', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.78.1.33-41.2004', 'article-title': 'Cholesterol removal by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibits poliovirus ' 'entry', 'volume': '78', 'author': 'Danthi', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'J. Virol.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0065', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1099/jgv.0.001578', 'article-title': 'Effective in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available ' 'mouthwashes', 'volume': '102', 'author': 'Davies', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Gen. Virol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0102', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '56', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.vacun.2020.09.003', 'article-title': 'Transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus through the ocular mucosa worth taking ' 'precautions', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Dawood', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Vacunas.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0164', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '232', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.003', 'article-title': 'Hydrogen peroxide inactivation of influenza virus preserves antigenic ' 'structure and immunogenicity', 'volume': '207', 'author': 'Dembinski', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'J. Virol. Methods'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0086', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1351', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351', 'article-title': 'Biocides and novel antimicrobial agents for the mitigation of ' 'coronaviruses', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Dev Kumar', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Microbiol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0009', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, ' 'MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus', 'volume': '37', 'author': 'Dhama', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Travel. Med. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0092', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '651', 'DOI': '10.1164/rccm.202004-1263PP', 'article-title': 'Coughs and sneezes: their role in transmission of respiratory viral ' 'infections, including SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '202', 'author': 'Dhand', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am J Resp Crit Care Med'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0055', 'first-page': '31', 'article-title': 'The effect of 1% povidone iodine as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in 20 ' 'patients with varying degrees of oral hygiene', 'volume': '48', 'author': 'Domingo', 'year': '1996', 'journal-title': 'J. Philipp. Dent. Assoc.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0094', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622', 'article-title': 'The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biosynthesis, structure, function, ' 'and antigenicity: implications for the design of spike-based vaccine ' 'immunogens', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Duan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0058', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '491', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-015-0091-9', 'article-title': 'Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products ' 'against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and ' 'modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Eggers', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0057', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '249', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7', 'article-title': 'In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine ' 'gargle/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Eggers', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0074', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '581', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-019-00260-x', 'article-title': 'Infectious disease management and control with povidone iodine', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'Eggers', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0116', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101584', 'article-title': 'In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and ' 'povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A ' 'randomized-controlled clinical trial', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Elzein', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J Evid-Based Dent Pract'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0173', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0194729', 'article-title': 'Comparison of the oral microbiome in mouthwash and whole saliva samples', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Fan', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'PLoS. One'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0001', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1', 'article-title': 'Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis', 'author': 'Fehr', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0117', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '24392', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-03461-y', 'article-title': 'Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load ' 'of SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Ferrer', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0046', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fcimb.2021.654813', 'article-title': 'Metabolic implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in ' 'SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Forcados', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0072', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '16', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00768-4', 'article-title': 'Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among fully vaccinated individuals', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Franco-Paredes', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect. Dis.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0061', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '586', 'DOI': '10.1177/0145561320932318', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine use in sinonasal and oral cavities: a review of safety ' 'in the COVID-19 era', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'Frank', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ear Nose Throat J.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '136', 'DOI': '10.1111/idh.12555', 'article-title': 'Could mouth rinses be an adjuvant in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 ' 'patients? An appraisal with a systematic review', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Gandhi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Dent. Hyg.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0155', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119689', 'article-title': 'The lord of the nanorings: cyclodextrins and the battle against ' 'SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '588', 'author': 'Garrido', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0051', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '159', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.008', 'article-title': 'Excessive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 posing a potential ' 'threat to living beings', 'volume': '2', 'author': 'Ghafoor', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Curr. Res. Toxicol.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0161', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '703', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02664.x', 'article-title': 'Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'Gilbert', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J App Microbiol'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0136', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1098/rsos.181303', 'article-title': 'Screening of cytotoxic or cytostatic flavonoids with quantitative ' 'fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator-based cell cycle ' 'assay', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Go', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'R. Soc. Open. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0118', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3707', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00784-020-03549-1', 'article-title': 'A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen ' 'peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Gottsauner', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Oral Investig.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0082', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '506', 'DOI': '10.1111/jpc.12232', 'article-title': 'Recurrent anaphylaxis caused by topical povidone-iodine (Betadine)', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Gray', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'J. Paediatr. Child Health'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '757', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004', 'article-title': 'Upper respiratory infections', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Grief', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Prim. Care'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0077', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19', 'DOI': '10.1097/ICU.0000000000000437', 'article-title': 'The use of povidone-iodine in ophthalmology', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Grzybowski', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Curr Opinion Ophthalmol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0122', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2321', 'DOI': '10.2147/IDR.S177247', 'article-title': 'Health care-associated infections - An overview', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Haque', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Infect. Drug Resist'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0062', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '900', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41415-020-1794-1', 'article-title': 'Povidone iodine gargle and mouthwash', 'volume': '228', 'author': 'Hassandarvish', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Brit Dent J'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0087', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2925', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00784-020-03413-2', 'article-title': 'Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Herrera', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Oral Investig.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0095', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '271', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a ' 'clinically proven protease inhibitor', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Hoffmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0145', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.2217/fvl-2020-0099', 'article-title': 'Possible SARS-coronavirus 2 inhibitor revealed by simulated molecular ' 'docking to viral main protease and host toll-like receptor', 'author': 'Hu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Future Virol.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0115', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4370', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26954', 'article-title': 'Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 ' 'patients', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'Huang', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0027', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '15', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.010', 'article-title': 'Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): current status and prospects for drug ' 'and vaccine development', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Ita', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Arch. Med. Res.'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0119', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1135', 'DOI': '10.1007/BF02722930', 'article-title': 'Upper respiratory tract infections', 'volume': '68', 'author': 'Jain', 'year': '2001', 'journal-title': 'Indian J Paediatr'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0150', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '356', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.017', 'article-title': 'Cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulations I: structure and ' 'physicochemical properties, formation of complexes, and types of ' 'complex', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Jambhekar', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Drug Discov. Today'}, { 'year': '2007', 'series-title': 'Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Action Plan of the Japanese government', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0073'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0004', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819', 'article-title': 'Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: a critical ' 'review on the unresolved dichotomy', 'volume': '188', 'author': 'Jayaweera', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Environ. Res.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0142', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2023', 'DOI': '10.1111/cbdd.13604', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease ' 'inhibitors', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'Jo', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Chem. Biol. Drug Des.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0156', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'eaax9318', 'DOI': '10.1126/sciadv.aax9318', 'article-title': 'Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Jones', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Adv.'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0041', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1247', 'DOI': '10.1111/ijcp.12707', 'article-title': 'Practical use of povidone-iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral ' 'health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal ' 'infections', 'volume': '69', 'author': 'Kanagalingam', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Clin. Pract.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0075', 'first-page': '105', 'article-title': 'Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical ' 'conditions, and chemical reagents', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Kariwa', 'year': '2004', 'journal-title': 'Jap J Vet Res'}, { 'issue': 'S1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0056', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S119', 'DOI': '10.1159/000089211', 'article-title': 'Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical ' 'conditions and chemical reagents', 'volume': '212', 'author': 'Kariwa', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Dermatology'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0109', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '977', 'DOI': '10.3855/jidc.13224', 'article-title': 'Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the tears and conjunctival secretions of ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 patients', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Kaya', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Infect. Dev. Ctries.'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0030', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40906', 'article-title': 'Analysis of vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 and emergence of ' 'Delta and other variants of concern in Utah', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Keegan', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMa Netw. Open.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0080', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102618', 'article-title': 'Repurposing 0.5% povidone iodine solution in otorhinolaryngology ' 'practice in Covid 19 pandemic', 'volume': '41', 'author': 'Khan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Otolaryngol.'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0135', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4712', 'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25204712', 'article-title': 'Antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Khater', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Molecules.'}, { 'issue': 'S1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0079', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S45', 'DOI': '10.1017/S0022215114002746', 'article-title': 'Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells', 'volume': '129', 'author': 'Kim', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J. Laryngol. Otol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0081', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.2139/ssrn.3563092', 'article-title': 'The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current ' 'COVID-19 pandemic may reduce cross infection and protect healthcare ' 'workers', 'author': 'Kirk-Bayley', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'SSRN Electr J'}, { 'issue': '18', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1623', 'DOI': '10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0104', 'article-title': 'Can we prevent influenza-like illnesses by gargling?', 'volume': '46', 'author': 'Kitamura', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Intern. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0121', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '57', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13756-015-0097-9', 'article-title': 'Mortality related to hospital-associated infections in a tertiary ' 'hospital; repeated cross-sectional studies between 2004 and 2011', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Koch', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0078', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '862', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.002', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine concentration and dosing in cataract surgery', 'volume': '63', 'author': 'Koerner', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Surv. Ophthalmol.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0124', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Prevention of respiratory viral infections by virucidal mucosal ' 'antisepsis among medical staff and the community', 'volume': '45', 'author': 'Kramar', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hyg. Med.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0043', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '87', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z', 'article-title': 'The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Kumpitsch', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'BMC. Biol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0049', 'article-title': 'Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): as excipient ' 'from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on ' 'COVID-19 inhibition', 'volume': '60', 'author': 'Kurakula', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0054', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '579', 'DOI': '10.2217/cpr.13.50', 'article-title': 'Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance: a focus on povidone ' 'iodine', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Lachapelle', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Pract.'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0093', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '8114', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph17218114', 'article-title': 'Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of ' 'COVID-19 in indoor environments', 'volume': '17', 'author': 'Lelieveld', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0006', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '237', 'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301', 'article-title': 'Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Annu Rev. Virol.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0105', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '253', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5813', 'article-title': 'Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019', 'volume': '139', 'author': 'Liu', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMa Ophthalmol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0171', 'article-title': 'Short-term effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and listerine on oral ' 'microbiome in hospitalized patients', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Liu', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0139', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '03630', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103630', 'article-title': 'Structural characterization, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective ' 'activities of flavonoids from the bulbs of Heleocharis dulcis', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Ma', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Bioorg. Chem.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0028', 'first-page': '14', 'article-title': 'Recent developments on therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for ' 'COVID-19', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Majumder', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Am Assoc Pharm Sci J'}, { 'first-page': '2020', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2', 'year': '2020', 'series-title': 'Based on Available Evidence up to 3 July 2020', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0067'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0114', 'article-title': 'Is povidone iodine mouthwash effective against SARS-CoV-2? First in ' 'vivo tests', 'volume': '2020', 'author': 'Martínez Lamas', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Oral Dis.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0064', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1289', 'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa471', 'article-title': 'Virucidal efficacy of different oral rinses against severe acute ' 'respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2', 'volume': '222', 'author': 'Meister', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0154', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '312', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.041', 'article-title': 'Advances of nanosystems containing cyclodextrins and their applications ' 'in pharmaceuticals', 'volume': '559', 'author': 'Menezes', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0130', 'first-page': '673', 'article-title': 'The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for ' 'inflammation, heart disease, and cancer', 'volume': '52', 'author': 'Middleton', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Pharmacol. Rev.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0175', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '597', 'DOI': '10.2334/josnusd.16-0593', 'article-title': 'The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine ' 'mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Mitsui', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'J. Oral Sci.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0163', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '279', 'DOI': '10.1016/0195-6701(90)90036-N', 'article-title': 'Effective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with ' 'chlorhexidine antiseptics containing detergents and alcohol', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Montefiori', 'year': '1990', 'journal-title': 'J. Hosp. Infect.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0144', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173759', 'article-title': 'Flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteases ' '(3CLpro and PLpro), spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ' 'and angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2)', 'volume': '891', 'author': 'Mouffouk', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Pharmacol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0153', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '46', 'DOI': '10.1111/bcpt.12917', 'article-title': 'Cyclodextrin-based formulations: a non-invasive platform for targeted ' 'drug delivery', 'volume': '122', 'author': 'Muankaew', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0146', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3980', 'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25173980', 'article-title': 'Natural flavonoids as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ' 'inhibitors for anti-SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Muchtaridi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Molecules.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0013', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '201', 'DOI': '10.1055/s-2007-976492', 'article-title': 'Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Muller', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Semin Resp Crit Care Med'}, { 'issue': 'S10', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0035', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S121', 'DOI': '10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec', 'article-title': 'Microbial interactions in the respiratory tract', 'volume': '28', 'author': 'Murphy', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.'}, { 'issue': 'S1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0125', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S32', 'DOI': '10.1159/000057722', 'article-title': 'Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle', 'volume': '204', 'author': 'Nagatake', 'year': '2002', 'journal-title': 'Dermatology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0131', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '319', 'DOI': '10.1128/CVI.13.3.319-328.2006', 'article-title': 'The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor ' 'necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood ' 'mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-kappa beta system', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Nair', 'year': '2006', 'journal-title': 'Clin Vaccin Immunol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0068', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '77', 'DOI': '10.1186/s40463-020-00474-x', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine solution as SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis for procedures of ' 'the upper aerodigestive tract a theoretical framework', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Naqvi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0137', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '222', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10517-017-3771-5', 'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids ' 'from Lychnis chalcedonica L', 'volume': '163', 'author': 'Nesterova', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Bull. Exp. Biol. Med.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0098', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '422', 'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0', 'article-title': 'Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Ni', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Crit care (Lond Engl)'}, { 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria: a rapid systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'year': '2023', 'author': 'Nnaemeka', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0032'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0007', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2021.717941', 'article-title': 'Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses in humans and domestic ' 'mammals, what are the ecological mechanisms driving transmission, ' 'spillover, and disease emergence?', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Nova', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front. Public Health'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0165', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'zqaa002', 'DOI': '10.1093/function/zqaa002', 'article-title': 'Potential role of oral rinses targeting the viral lipid envelope in ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'volume': '1', 'author': "O'Donnell", 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Function'}, { 'issue': 'NP2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0108', 'first-page': 'NP161', 'article-title': 'Conjunctivitis as sole symptom of COVID-19: a case report and review of ' 'literature', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Ozturker', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Ophthalmol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0160', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855', 'article-title': 'Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 entry', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Palacios-Rápalo', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0129', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e47', 'DOI': '10.1017/jns.2016.41', 'article-title': 'Flavonoids: an overview', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Panche', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J. Nutr. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0134', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4620', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms21134620', 'article-title': 'Effects of apigenin on RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and HaCaT cells: ' 'anti-Allergic, anti-inflammatory, and skin-protective activities', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Park', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Mol. Sci.'}, { 'issue': 'S3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0039', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S752', 'DOI': '10.1111/odi.13378', 'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the ' 'transmission of SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Pattanshetty', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Oral Dis.'}, { 'issue': 'S2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0063', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S192', 'DOI': '10.1177/0145561320957237', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of povidone-iodine nasal and oral antiseptic preparations ' 'against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)', 'volume': '100', 'author': 'Pelletier', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ear Nose Throat J.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0088', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '9', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9', 'article-title': 'Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Peng', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Oral Sci.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0177', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1128/spectrum.01757-21', 'article-title': 'The impact of mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiota of men who have ' 'sex with men: a substudy of the OMEGA trial', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Plummer', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Microbiol. Spectr.'}, { 'issue': 'Pt2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0159', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '331', 'DOI': '10.1099/vir.0.070870-0', 'article-title': 'Role of the lipid rafts in the life cycle of canine coronavirus', 'volume': '96', 'author': 'Pratelli', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'J. Gen. Virol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0178', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph19073926', 'article-title': 'Fresh look at mouthwashes —What is inside and what is it for?', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Radzki', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0176', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '204', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12903-023-02920-4', 'article-title': 'The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in ' 'patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and ' 'meta-analysis', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Ren', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'BMC. Oral Health'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0033', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1010876', 'article-title': 'Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Riemersma', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'PLoS. Pathog.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0037', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1226', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper ' 'respiratory tract microbiome', 'volume': '147', 'author': 'Rosas-Salazar', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0132', 'article-title': 'Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection', 'volume': '328', 'author': 'Russo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Chem-Biolog Interact'}, { 'issue': '22', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0141', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '7940', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035', 'article-title': 'Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) ' 'inhibition', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Ryu', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Bioorg. Med. Chem.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0018', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2010', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26553', 'article-title': 'Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome from December 2019 to late March 2020: ' 'emerged haplotypes and informative Tag nucleotide variations', 'volume': '93', 'author': 'Safari', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0099', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2020.594495', 'article-title': 'Body localization of ACE-2: on the trail of the keyhole of SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Salamanna', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Med.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0151', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1161', 'DOI': '10.3390/molecules23051161', 'article-title': 'Solubility of cyclodextrins and drug/cyclodextrin complexes', 'volume': '23', 'author': 'Saokham', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Molecules.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0126', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '302', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013', 'article-title': 'Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a ' 'randomized trial', 'volume': '29', 'author': 'Satomura', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Am. J. Prev. Med.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0106', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e00774', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00774', 'article-title': 'Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Scalinci', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'IDCases.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0053', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '241', 'DOI': '10.1080/00015458.2003.11679417', 'article-title': 'The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: a reappraisal', 'volume': '103', 'author': 'Selvaggi', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Acta Chir. Belg.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0113', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '305', 'DOI': '10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9', 'article-title': 'Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: ' 'randomized control trial in Singapore', 'volume': '49', 'author': 'Seneviratne', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Infection'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0096', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '11727', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.2003138117', 'article-title': 'Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2', 'volume': '117', 'author': 'Shang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Proc Nat Acad Sci USA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0005', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '91', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human ' 'coronaviruses', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Shereen', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Adv. Res.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0140', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '16127', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-017-16336-y', 'article-title': 'Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Inhibit hepatitis C virus entry', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Shimizu', 'year': '2017', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0034', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '183', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00648-4', 'article-title': 'Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the individuals in ' 'the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Singanayaman', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect. Dis.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0172', 'first-page': 'e477', 'article-title': 'Effect of using povidone iodine and herbal propolis antibacterial mouth ' 'on blood pressure', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Sitanaya', 'year': '2023', 'journal-title': 'J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol.'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0025', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '16', 'DOI': '10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15291', 'article-title': 'ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2), COVID-19, and ACE inhibitor and ' 'Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor blocker use during the pandemic: the ' 'pediatric perspective', 'volume': '76', 'author': 'South', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Hypertension'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0133', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.001', 'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids in neurodegenerative disorders', 'volume': '153', 'author': 'Spagnuolo', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Med. Chem.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0052', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '124', 'DOI': '10.1186/1743-422X-6-124', 'article-title': 'Mechanisms of the action of povidone-iodine against human and avian ' 'influenza A viruses: its effects on hemagglutination and sialidase ' 'activities', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Sriwilaijaroen', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Virol. J.'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0045', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '644', 'DOI': '10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8', 'article-title': 'Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ' 'infection: a review', 'volume': '39', 'author': 'Suhail', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Protein J.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0103', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Sun C.B., Wang Y.Y., Liu G.H., Liu Z. (2020) Role of the eye in ' 'transmitting human coronavirus: what we know and what we do not know. ' 'Front Public Health 8:155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155.', 'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0011', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '578', 'DOI': '10.3389/fvets.2020.00578', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 in human, animal, and environment: a review', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'Swelum', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Front. Vet. Sci.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0029', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173890', 'article-title': 'A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease ' '(COVID-19) treatment', 'volume': '895', 'author': 'Tarighi', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Pharmacol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0138', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109004', 'article-title': 'Flavonoids showed anticancer effects on the ovarian cancer cells: ' 'involvement of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell cycle and ' 'invasion', 'volume': '116', 'author': 'Tavsan', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Biomed. PharmacOther'}, { 'issue': 'S1', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0162', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'S57', 'DOI': '10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_162_20', 'article-title': 'Chlorhexidine: an elixir for periodontics', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Thangavelu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '15', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0089', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '841', 'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa149', 'article-title': 'Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva', 'volume': '71', 'author': 'To', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Clin. Infect. Dis.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0047', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '720', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.025', 'article-title': 'Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 by electrochemical oxidation', 'volume': '66', 'author': 'Tu', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci Bull'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0031', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3674', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-021-23938-8', 'article-title': 'Controlling the pandemic during the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rollout', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Viana', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nat Comm'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0042', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '27', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.009', 'article-title': 'Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of ' 'medical importance', 'volume': '94', 'author': 'Vieira Colombo', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Microb. Pathog.'}, { 'year': '2021', 'series-title': 'Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) Pandemic', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0023'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0010', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '281', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058', 'article-title': 'Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ' 'glycoprotein', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Walls', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0003', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_1', 'article-title': 'Coronaviruses: an updated overview of their replication and ' 'pathogenesis', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol..'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0024', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization Data (2024) WHO COVID-19 dashboard. ' 'https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/ Accessed June 17, 2024.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0123', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '459', 'DOI': '10.2147/JMDH.S254964', 'article-title': 'Health professionals oral health knowledge and practice: unleashing the ' 'hidden challenges', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'Yimenu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Multidiscip. Healthc.'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0090', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e195', 'DOI': '10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195', 'article-title': 'Clinical significance of a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'Yoon', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Korean Med. Sci.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0148', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1124', 'DOI': '10.1002/ddr.21815', 'article-title': 'Potential antiviral activity of isorhamnetin against SARS-CoV-2 spike ' 'pseudotyped virus in vitro', 'volume': '82', 'author': 'Zhan', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Drug Dev. Res.'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0143', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '479', 'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25707', 'article-title': 'Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systematic ' 'review', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0048', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '38669', 'DOI': '10.1038/srep38669', 'article-title': 'Use of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution for sterilisation and ' 'preservation improves mechanical properties and osteogenesis of ' 'allografts', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Zhao', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '537', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.007', 'article-title': 'ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting ' 'susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'Zhou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ocul Surface'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0017', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '727', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001017', 'article-title': 'Tan W & China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020) ' 'A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Zhu', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0044', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1177', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2001737', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected ' 'patients', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Zou', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'}, { 'issue': '9997', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0014', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '995', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8', 'article-title': 'Middle East respiratory syndrome', 'volume': '386', 'author': 'Zumla', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0097', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '209', 'DOI': '10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206788', 'article-title': 'Is FURIN gene expression in salivary glands related to SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infectivity through saliva?', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'Zupin', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Pathol.'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0015', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '523', 'DOI': '10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81', 'article-title': 'SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'de Wit', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Nat. Rev. Microbiol.'}], 'container-title': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666517424000762?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666517424000762?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 3]], 'date-time': '2024-11-03T02:35:42Z', 'timestamp': 1730601342000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666517424000762'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024]]}, 'references-count': 176, 'alternative-id': ['S2666517424000762'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2666-5174'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of ' 'coronavirus diseases', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '100293'}

Download Image

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

Submit

Post

@CovidAnalysis

FAQ

Public domain CC0 1.0