Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases
Kizito I Okeke, Chukwuemeka Samson Ahamefule, Obianuju O Nnabuife, Ibuchukwu N Orabueze, Christian U Iroegbu, Kingsley A Egbe, Anthony C Ike
Current Research in Microbial Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293
Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have all had significant negative impact on global health and economy. COVID-19 alone, has resulted to millions of deaths with new cases and mortality still being reported in its various waves. The development and use of vaccines have not stopped the transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, even among vaccinated individuals. The use of vaccines and curative drugs should be supplemented with adoption of simple hygiene preventive measures in the fight against the spread of the virus, especially for healthcare workers. Several virucidal topical antiseptics, such as povidoneiodine (PVP-I), citrox, cyclodextrins among others, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The strategic application of these virucidal formulations could provide the additional impetus needed to effectively control the spread of the virus. We have here presented a simple dimension towards curtailing the dissemination of COVID-19, and other coronaviruses, through the application of effective oral, nasal and eye antiseptics among patients and medical personnel. We have further discussed the mechanism of action of some of these commonly available virucidal solutions while also highlighting some essential controversies in their use.
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
Ali, Hegde, Nair, Bajaj, Betharia et al., All india ophthalmological society -oculoplastics association of india consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, Indian J. Ophthalmol,
doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_1415_20Alluwaimi, Alshubaith, Al-Ali, Abohelaika, The coronaviruses of animals and birds: their zoonosis, vaccines, and models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, Front. Vet. Sci,
doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.582287Alrashdan, Leao, Doble, Mccullough, Porter, The effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on systemic disease: what is the evidence?,
doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012Anderson, Sivalingam, Kang, Ananthanarayanan, Arumugam et al., Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease, Infect. Dis. Ther,
doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3Arefin, Povidone iodine (pvp-i) oro-nasal spray: an effective shield for covid-19 protection for health care worker (HCW), for all, Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck. Surg,
doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02525-9Arora, Goel, Kumar, Chhabra, Saxena et al., Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, Ophthalmology,
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.029Ather, Patel, Ruparel, Diogenes, Hargreaves, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care, J. Endod,
doi:10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008Bergwerk, Gonen, Lustig, Amit, Lipsitch et al., COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated Health Care Workers, N. Engl. J. Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2109072Bidra, Pelletier, Westover, Frank, Brown et al., Comparison of in vitro inactivation of SARS COV-2 with hydrogen peroxide and povidone-iodine oral antiseptic rinses, J. Prosthodont,
doi:10.1111/jopr.13220Brookes, Belfield, Ashworth, Casas-Agustench, Raja et al., Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome, J. Dent,
doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768Byambasuren, Beller, Clark, Collignon, Glasziou, The effect of eye protection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic review, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control,
doi:10.1186/s13756-021-01025-3Carrouel, Conte, Fisher, Gonçalves, Dussart et al., COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of mouthrinses with β-cyclodextrin combined with citrox in preventing infection and progression, J. Clin. Med,
doi:10.3390/jcm9041126Carrouel, Gonçalves, Conte, Campus, Fisher et al., Antiviral activity of reagents in mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2, J. Dent Res,
doi:10.1177/0022034520967933Caruso, Del Prete, Lazzarino, Capaldi, Grumetto, Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?, Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol,
doi:10.1017/ice.2020.170Carvalho, Boeder, Shimari, Kleschyov, Esberg et al., Antibacterial mouthwash alters gut microbiome, reducing nutrient absorption and fat accumulation in Western dietfed mice, Sci. Rep,
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54068-yCascella, Rajnik, Aleem, Dulebohn, Di Napoli, Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19)
Castro-Ruiz, Vergara-Buenaventura, Povidone-iodine solution: a potential antiseptic to minimize the risk of COVID-19? A narrative review, J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent,
doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_304_20Chafekar, Fielding, MERS-CoV: understanding the latest human coronavirus threat, Viruses,
doi:10.3390/v10020093Cheng, Huynh, Yang, Hu, Shen et al., Hesperidin is a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nutrients,
doi:10.3390/nu13082800Chopra, Sivaraman, Radhakrishnan, Balakrishnan, Narayana, Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update, Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev,
doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001Chu, Akl, Duda, Solo, Yaacoub et al., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9Corey, Beyrer, Cohen, Michael, Bedford et al., SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with immunosuppression, N. Engl. J. Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMs62104756Davies, Buczkowski, Welch, Green, Mawer et al., Effective in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available mouthwashes, J. Gen. Virol,
doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001578De Wit, Van Doremalen, Falzarano, Munster, SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat. Rev. Microbiol,
doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81Dembinski, Hungnes, Hauge, Kristoffersen, Haneberg et al., Hydrogen peroxide inactivation of influenza virus preserves antigenic structure and immunogenicity, J. Virol. Methods,
doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.003Dhama, Patel, Sharun, Pathak, Tiwari et al., SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus, Travel. Med. Infect. Dis,
doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830Dhand, Li, Coughs and sneezes: their role in transmission of respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, Am J Resp Crit Care Med,
doi:10.1164/rccm.202004-1263PPDomingo, Farrales, Loya, Pura, Uy, The effect of 1% povidone iodine as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in 20 patients with varying degrees of oral hygiene, J. Philipp. Dent. Assoc
Duan, Zheng, Zhang, Niu, Lou et al., The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biosynthesis, structure, function, and antigenicity: implications for the design of spike-based vaccine immunogens, Front. Immunol,
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622Eggers, Eickmann, Zorn, Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), Infect. Dis. Ther,
doi:10.1007/s40121-015-0091-9Eggers, Koburger-Janssen, Eickmann, Zorn, In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine gargle/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens, Infect. Dis. Ther,
doi:10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7Elzein, Abdel-Sater, Fakhreddine, Hanna, Feghali et al., In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A randomizedcontrolled clinical trial, J Evid-Based Dent Pract,
doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101584Fehr, Perlman, Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis, Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol
Ferrer, Ás, Barrueco, Martinez-Beneyto, Mateos-Moreno et al., Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2, Sci. Rep,
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03461-yForcados, Muhammad, Oladipo, Makama, Meseko, Metabolic implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol,
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.654813Frank, Capriotti, Brown, Tessema, Povidone-iodine use in sinonasal and oral cavities: a review of safety in the COVID-19 era, Ear Nose Throat J,
doi:10.1177/0145561320932318Gandhi, Thimmappa, Upadhya, Carnelio, Could mouth rinses be an adjuvant in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients? An appraisal with a systematic review, Int. J. Dent. Hyg,
doi:10.1111/idh.12555Garrido, Calvelo, Blanco-González, Veleiro, Suárez et al., The lord of the nanorings: cyclodextrins and the battle against SARS-CoV-2, Int. J. Pharm,
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119689Ghafoor, Khan, Khan, Ualiyeva, Zaman, Excessive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 posing a potential threat to living beings, Curr. Res. Toxicol,
doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.008Go, Lee, Kong, Jeong, Lee et al., Screening of cytotoxic or cytostatic flavonoids with quantitative fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator-based cell cycle assay, R. Soc. Open. Sci,
doi:10.1098/rsos.181303Gottsauner, Michaelides, Schmidt, Scholz, Buchalla et al., A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2, Clin. Oral Investig,
doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03549-1Gray, Katelaris, Lipson, Recurrent anaphylaxis caused by topical povidone-iodine (Betadine), J. Paediatr. Child Health,
doi:10.1111/jpc.12232Haque, Sartelli, Mckimm, Abu Bakar, Health care-associated infections -An overview, Infect. Drug Resist,
doi:10.2147/IDR.S177247Hoffmann, Kleine-Weber, Schroeder, Krüger, Herrler et al., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor, Cell,
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052Hu, Cai, Song, Li, Zhao et al., Possible SARS-coronavirus 2 inhibitor revealed by simulated molecular docking to viral main protease and host toll-like receptor, Future Virol,
doi:10.2217/fvl-2020-0099Huang, Huang, Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, J. Med. Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.26954Jambhekar, Breen, Cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulations I: structure and physicochemical properties, formation of complexes, and types of complex, Drug Discov. Today,
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.017Jayaweera, Perera, Gunawardana, Manatunge, Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: a critical review on the unresolved dichotomy, Environ. Res,
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819Jo, Kim, Kim, Shin, Kim, Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors, Chem. Biol. Drug Des,
doi:10.1111/cbdd.13604Jones, Cagno, Janeček, Ortiz, Gasilova et al., Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals, Sci. Adv,
doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax9318Kanagalingam, Feliciano, Hah, Labib, Le et al., Practical use of povidone-iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal infections, Int. J. Clin. Pract,
doi:10.1111/ijcp.12707Kariwa, Fujii, Takashima, Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions and chemical reagents, Dermatology,
doi:10.1159/000089211Kariwa, Fujii, Takashima, Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents, Jap J Vet Res
Kaya, Çalıs ¸kan, Okul, Sarı, Akbudak, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the tears and conjunctival secretions of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, J. Infect. Dev. Ctries,
doi:10.3855/jidc.13224Keegan, Truelove, Lessler, Analysis of vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 and emergence of Delta and other variants of concern in Utah, JAMa Netw. Open,
doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40906Khan, Parab, Paranjape, Repurposing 0.5% povidone iodine solution in otorhinolaryngology practice in Covid 19 pandemic, Am. J. Otolaryngol,
doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102618Kim, Rimmer, Mrad, Ahmadzada, Harvey, Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells, J. Laryngol. Otol,
doi:10.1017/S0022215114002746Kirk-Bayley, Sunkaraneni, Challacombe, The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may reduce cross infection and protect healthcare workers, SSRN Electr J,
doi:10.2139/ssrn.3563092Koch, Nilsen, Eriksen, Cox, Harthug, Mortality related to hospital-associated infections in a tertiary hospital; repeated cross-sectional studies between 2004 and 2011, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control,
doi:10.1186/s13756-015-0097-9Kramar, Eggers, Prevention of respiratory viral infections by virucidal mucosal antisepsis among medical staff and the community, Hyg. Med
Kumar, Mishra, Dunn, Townsend, Oguadinma et al., Biocides and novel antimicrobial agents for the mitigation of coronaviruses, Front. Microbiol,
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351Kumpitsch, Koskinen, Schöpf, Moissl-Eichinger, The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease, BMC. Biol,
doi:10.1186/s12915-019-0703-zKurakula, Rao, Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): as excipient from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on COVID-19 inhibition, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol,
doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102046Lachapelle, Castel, Casado, Leroy, Micali et al., Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance: a focus on povidone iodine, Clin. Pract,
doi:10.2217/cpr.13.50Lelieveld, Helleis, Borrmann, Cheng, Drewnick et al., Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of COVID-19 in indoor environments, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health,
doi:10.3390/ijerph17218114Liu, Chen, Jeng, Chang, Wang et al., Short-term effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and listerine on oral microbiome in hospitalized patients, Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol,
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1056534Ma, Wei, Sang, Dong, Structural characterization, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities of flavonoids from the bulbs of Heleocharis dulcis, Bioorg. Chem,
doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103630Martínez Lamas, Diz Dios, Pérez Rodríguez, Del Campo Pérez, Cabrera Alvargonzalez et al., Is povidone iodine mouthwash effective against SARS-CoV-2? First in vivo tests, Oral Dis,
doi:10.1111/odi.13526Meister, Brüggemann, Todt, Conzelmann, Müller et al., Virucidal efficacy of different oral rinses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, J. Infect. Dis,
doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa471Menezes, Andrade, Frank, De Souza, Trindade et al., Advances of nanosystems containing cyclodextrins and their applications in pharmaceuticals, Int. J. Pharm,
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.041Middleton, Kandaswami, Theoharides, The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer, Pharmacol. Rev
Mitsui, Harasawa, The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria, J. Oral Sci,
doi:10.2334/josnusd.16-0593Montefiori, We-Jr, Robinson, Modliszewski, Mitchell, Effective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with chlorhexidine antiseptics containing detergents and alcohol, J. Hosp. Infect,
doi:10.1016/0195-6701(90)90036-nMouffouk, Mouffouk, Mouffouk, Hambaba, Haba, Flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteases (3CLpro and PLpro), spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2), Eur. J. Pharmacol,
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173759Muankaew, Loftsson, Cyclodextrin-based formulations: a non-invasive platform for targeted drug delivery, Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol,
doi:10.1111/bcpt.12917Muchtaridi, Fauzi, Khairul Ikram, Mohd Gazzali, Wahab, Natural flavonoids as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors for anti-SARS-CoV-2, Molecules,
doi:10.3390/molecules25173980Nagatake, Ahmed, Oishi, Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle, Dermatology,
doi:10.1159/000057722Nair, Mahajan, Reynolds, Aalinkeel, Nair et al., The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-kappa beta system, Clin Vaccin Immunol,
doi:10.1128/CVI.13.3.319-328.2006Naqvi, Citardi, Cattano, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Knackstedt et al., Povidone-iodine solution as SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis for procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract a theoretical framework, J Otolaryngol -Head Neck Surg,
doi:10.1186/s40463-020-00474-xNesterova, Povet'eva, Zibareva, Suslov, Zueva et al., Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids from Lychnis chalcedonica L, Exp. Biol. Med,
doi:10.1007/s10517-017-3771-5Nnaemeka, Okafor, Orababar, Anikwe, Onwe et al., COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis, medRxiv,
doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.23286008Nova, Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses in humans and domestic mammals, what are the ecological mechanisms driving transmission, spillover, and disease emergence? Front, Public Health,
doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.717941O'donnell, Thomas, Stanton, Maillard, Murphy et al., Potential role of oral rinses targeting the viral lipid envelope in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Function,
doi:10.1093/function/zqaa002Okeke, None, Current Research in Microbial Sciences
Ozturker, Conjunctivitis as sole symptom of COVID-19: a case report and review of literature, Eur. J. Ophthalmol,
doi:10.1177/1120672120946287Palacios-Rápalo, De Jesús-González, Cordero-Rivera, Farfan-Morales, Osuna-Ramos et al., Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 entry, Front. Immunol,
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855Park, Min, Yu, Kim, Kim et al., Effects of apigenin on RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and HaCaT cells: anti-Allergic, antiinflammatory, and skin-protective activities, Int. J. Mol. Sci,
doi:10.3390/ijms21134620Pattanshetty, Narayana, Radhakrishnan, Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Oral Dis,
doi:10.1111/odi.13378Pelletier, Tessema, Frank, Westover, Brown et al., Efficacy of povidone-iodine nasal and oral antiseptic preparations against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ear Nose Throat J,
doi:10.1177/0145561320957237Peng, Xu, Li, Cheng, Zhou et al., Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice, Int. J. Oral Sci,
doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9Plummer, Maddaford, Murray, Fairley, Pasricha et al., The impact of mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiota of men who have sex with men: a substudy of the OMEGA trial, Microbiol. Spectr,
doi:10.1128/spectrum.01757-21Radzki, Wilhelm-Weglarz, Pruska, Kusiak, Ordyniec-Kwa´snica, Fresh look at mouthwashes -What is inside and what is it for?, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health,
doi:10.3390/ijerph19073926Ren, Zhang, Xiang, Hu, Cheng et al., The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, BMC. Oral Health,
doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02920-4Rosas-Salazar, Kimura, Shilts, Strickland, Freeman et al., SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper respiratory tract microbiome, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol,
doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001Ryu, Jeong, Kim, Kim, Park et al., Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition, Bioorg. Med. Chem,
doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035Safari, Inanloorahatloo, Elahi, Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome from December 2019 to late March 2020: emerged haplotypes and informative Tag nucleotide variations, J. Med. Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.26553Salamanna, Maglio, Landini, Fini, Body localization of ACE-2: on the trail of the keyhole of SARS-CoV-2, Front. Med,
doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.594495Satomura, Kitamura, Kawamura, Shimbo, Watanabe et al., Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a randomized trial, Am. J. Prev. Med,
doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013Selvaggi, Monstrey, Van Landuyt, Hamdi, Blondeel, The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: a reappraisal, Acta Chir. Belg,
doi:10.1080/00015458.2003.11679417Seneviratne, Balan, Ko, Udawatte, Lai et al., Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore, Infection,
doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9Shereen, Khan, Kazmi, Bashir, Siddique, COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses, J. Adv. Res,
doi:10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005Shimizu, Lima, Pereira, Bittar, Batista et al., Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Inhibit hepatitis C virus entry, Sci. Rep,
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16336-ySinganayaman, Hakki, Dunning, Madon, Crone et al., Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study, Lancet Infect. Dis,
doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)006484Sitanaya, Lesmana, Irayani, Hamid, Achmad et al., Effect of using povidone iodine and herbal propolis antibacterial mouth on blood pressure, J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol,
doi:10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.08.051South, Brady, Flynn, ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2), COVID-19, and ACE inhibitor and Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor blocker use during the pandemic: the pediatric perspective, Hypertension,
doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15291Sriwilaijaroen, Wilairat, Hiramatsu, Takahashi, Suzuki et al., Mechanisms of the action of povidone-iodine against human and avian influenza A viruses: its effects on hemagglutination and sialidase activities, Virol. J,
doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-124Suhail, Zajac, Fossum, Lowater, Mccracken et al., Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review, Protein J,
doi:10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8Sun, Wang, Liu, Liu, Role of the eye in transmitting human coronavirus: what we know and what we do not know, Front Public Health,
doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155Swelum, Shafi, Albaqami, El-Saadony, Elsify et al., COVID-19 in human, animal, and environment: a review, Front. Vet. Sci,
doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00578Tarighi, Eftekhari, Chizari, Sabernavaei, Jafari et al., A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment, Eur. J. Pharmacol,
doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173890Tavsan, Kayali, Flavonoids showed anticancer effects on the ovarian cancer cells: involvement of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasion, Biomed. PharmacOther,
doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109004Thangavelu, Kaspar, Kathirvelu, Srinivasan, Srinivasan et al., Chlorhexidine: an elixir for periodontics, J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci,
doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_162_20To, Tsang, Yip, Chan, Wu et al., Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva, Clin. Infect. Dis,
doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa149Viana, Van Dorp, Nunes, Gomes, Van Boren et al., Controlling the pandemic during the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rollout, Nat Comm,
doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23938-8Vieira Colombo, Magalhães, Hartenbach, Martins Do Souto, Maciel Da Silva-Boghossian, Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of medical importance, Microb. Pathog,
doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.009Walls, Park, Tortorici, Wall, Mcguire et al., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, Cell,
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058Wang, Grunewald, Perlman, Coronaviruses: an updated overview of their replication and pathogenesis, Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol
Who, Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) Pandemic
Yimenu, Adelo, Siraj, Kassie, Hammeso et al., Health professionals oral health knowledge and practice: unleashing the hidden challenges, J. Multidiscip. Healthc,
doi:10.2147/JMDH.S254964Yoon, Yoon, Song, Yoon, Lim et al., Clinical significance of a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva, J. Korean Med. Sci,
doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195Zhan, Ta, Tang, Hua, Wang et al., Potential antiviral activity of isorhamnetin against SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus in vitro, Drug Dev. Res,
doi:10.1002/ddr.21815Zhang, Liu, Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systematic review, J. Med. Virol,
doi:10.1002/jmv.25707Zhao, Hu, Li, Wang, Xia et al., Use of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution for sterilisation and preservation improves mechanical properties and osteogenesis of allografts, Sci. Rep,
doi:10.1038/srep38669Zhou, Xu, Castiglione, Soiberman, Eberhart et al., ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, Ocul Surface,
doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.007Zhu, Zhang, Wang, Li, Yang et al., Tan W & China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020) A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, N. Engl. J. Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017Zou, Ruan, Huang, Liang, Huang et al., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients, N. Engl. J. Med,
doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001737Zupin, Pascolo, Crovella, Is FURIN gene expression in salivary glands related to SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through saliva?, J. Clin. Pathol,
doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206788{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 3]],
'date-time': '2024-11-03T03:10:16Z',
'timestamp': 1730603416882,
'version': '3.28.0'},
'reference-count': 176,
'publisher': 'Elsevier BV',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 1]],
'date-time': '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1704067200000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'},
{ 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 1]],
'date-time': '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1704067200000},
'content-version': 'tdm',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license'},
{ 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 10, 14]],
'date-time': '2024-10-14T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1728864000000},
'content-version': 'vor',
'delay-in-days': 287,
'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}],
'content-domain': {'domain': ['elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024]]},
'DOI': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 10, 16]],
'date-time': '2024-10-16T11:35:32Z',
'timestamp': 1729078532000},
'page': '100293',
'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 0,
'special_numbering': 'C',
'title': 'Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of coronavirus diseases',
'prefix': '10.1016',
'volume': '7',
'author': [ {'given': 'Kizito I.', 'family': 'Okeke', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-1641',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Chukwuemeka Samson',
'family': 'Ahamefule',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Obianuju O.', 'family': 'Nnabuife', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Ibuchukwu N.', 'family': 'Orabueze', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Christian U.', 'family': 'Iroegbu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Kingsley A.', 'family': 'Egbe', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2706-6141',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Anthony C.',
'family': 'Ike',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': []}],
'member': '78',
'reference': [ { 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0152',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '521',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.050',
'article-title': 'Cyclodextrin nanosystems in oral drug delivery: a mini review',
'volume': '531',
'author': 'Adeoye',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0104',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '253',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5810',
'article-title': 'Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019',
'volume': '139',
'author': 'Agrawal',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'JAMa Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0070',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '147',
'DOI': '10.1080/26895293.2021.1893834',
'article-title': 'Impact of gargling on respiratory infections',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Ahmad',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'All. Life'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0107',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 and conjunctivitis: a meta-analysis',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Al-Namaeh',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Ther. Adv. Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0083',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '181',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.04.001',
'article-title': 'Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic',
'volume': '32',
'author': 'Alharbi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Saudi. Dent. J.'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0076',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '974',
'DOI': '10.4103/ijo.IJO_1415_20',
'article-title': 'All india ophthalmological society - oculoplastics association of india '
'consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal '
'surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic',
'volume': '68',
'author': 'Ali',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Indian J. Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0002',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fvets.2020.582287',
'article-title': 'The coronaviruses of animals and birds: their zoonosis, vaccines, and '
'models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Alluwaimi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Vet. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0179',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S82',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012',
'article-title': 'The effects of antimicrobial mouthwashes on systemic disease: what is '
'the evidence?',
'volume': '73',
'author': 'Alrashdan',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Int. Dent. J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0167',
'unstructured': 'American Dental Association (ADA) (2022) American Dental Association '
'Interim Guidance for Minimizing Risk of COVID-19 Transmission. Updated '
'April 1, 2020. '
'http://success.ada.org/∼/media/CPS/Files/COVID/ADA_COVID_Rapid_Advice_Treat_Pts.pdf; '
'Accessed January 27, 2022.'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0059',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '669',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in vitro virucidal activity against '
'SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 disease',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Anderson',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0066',
'first-page': '1',
'article-title': 'Povidone iodine (pvp-i) oro-nasal spray: an effective shield for '
'covid-19 protection for health care worker (HCW), for all',
'volume': '2021',
'author': 'Arefin',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck. Surg.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0110',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '494',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.029',
'article-title': 'Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with moderate to severe '
'COVID-19',
'volume': '128',
'author': 'Arora',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Ophthalmology.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0084',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '584',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008',
'article-title': 'Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental '
'care',
'volume': '46',
'author': 'Ather',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Endod.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0091',
'article-title': 'Oral saliva and COVID-19',
'volume': '108',
'author': 'Baghizadeh',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Oral Oncol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0071',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1474',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2109072',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated Health Care Workers',
'volume': '385',
'author': 'Bergwerk',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0170',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'unstructured': 'Bescos R., Ashworth A., Cutler C., Brookes Z.L., Belfield L., Rodiles '
'A., Casas-Agustench P., Farnham G., Liddle L., Burleigh M., White D., '
'Easton C., Hickson M. (2020) Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the '
'oral microbiome. 10:5254. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4.',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-020-61912-4'},
{ 'issue': '7',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0060',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '599',
'DOI': '10.1111/jopr.13220',
'article-title': 'Comparison of in vitro inactivation of SARS COV-2 with hydrogen '
'peroxide and povidone-iodine oral antiseptic rinses',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Bidra',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Prosthodont.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0036',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057',
'article-title': 'Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Bosch',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'PLoS. Pathog.'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0157',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '801',
'DOI': '10.3390/biom9120801',
'article-title': 'Cyclodextrins: emerging medicines of the new millennium',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Braga',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Biomolecules.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0174',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768',
'article-title': 'Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome',
'volume': '113',
'author': 'Brookes',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Dent.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0169',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S74',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.010',
'article-title': 'Mouthwash effects on the oral microbiome: are they good, bad, or '
'balanced?',
'volume': '73',
'author': 'Brookes',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Int. Dent. J.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0112',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '156',
'DOI': '10.1186/s13756-021-01025-3',
'article-title': 'The effect of eye protection on SARS-CoV-2 transmission: a systematic '
'review',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Byambasuren',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control'},
{ 'issue': '9',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0008',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '311',
'DOI': '10.33588/rn.7009.2020179',
'article-title': 'Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19',
'volume': '70',
'author': 'Carod-Artal',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Rev Neurolog'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0149',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1126',
'DOI': '10.3390/jcm9041126',
'article-title': 'COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of mouthrinses with '
'β-cyclodextrin combined with citrox in preventing infection and '
'progression',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Carrouel',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0050',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '124',
'DOI': '10.1177/0022034520967933',
'article-title': 'Antiviral activity of reagents in mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '100',
'author': 'Carrouel',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Dent Res'},
{ 'issue': '11',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0166',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1360',
'DOI': '10.1017/ice.2020.170',
'article-title': 'Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and '
'complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?',
'volume': '41',
'author': 'Caruso',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0168',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '4025',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-024-54068-y',
'article-title': 'Antibacterial mouthwash alters gut microbiome, reducing nutrient '
'absorption and fat accumulation in Western diet-fed mice',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Carvalho',
'year': '2024',
'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'},
{ 'article-title': 'Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19)',
'year': '2022',
'series-title': 'StatPearls [Internet]',
'author': 'Cascella',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0069'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0085',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '681',
'DOI': '10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_304_20',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine solution: a potential antiseptic to minimize the risk '
'of COVID-19? A narrative review',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Castro-Ruiz',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0016',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '93',
'DOI': '10.3390/v10020093',
'article-title': 'MERS-CoV: understanding the latest human coronavirus threat',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Chafekar',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Viruses.'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0147',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2800',
'DOI': '10.3390/nu13082800',
'article-title': 'Hesperidin is a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Cheng',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Nutrients.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0012',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1203/01.PDR.0000129184.87042.FC',
'article-title': 'SARS: the first pandemic of the 21st century',
'volume': '56',
'author': 'Cherry',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Paediatr Res'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0038',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '39',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001',
'article-title': 'Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and '
'decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the '
'COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update',
'volume': '57',
'author': 'Chopra',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev.'},
{ 'issue': '10242',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0111',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1973',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9',
'article-title': 'Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent '
'person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic '
'review and meta-analysis',
'volume': '395',
'author': 'Chu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0026',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 vaccines: the status and perspectives in delivery points of '
'view',
'volume': '170',
'author': 'Chung',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0128',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '562',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMsb2104756',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with immunosuppression',
'volume': '385',
'author': 'Corey',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0101',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e173',
'DOI': '10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00040-9',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2: eye protection might be the missing key',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'Coroneo',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Lancet Microbe'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0022',
'first-page': '157',
'article-title': 'WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic',
'volume': '91',
'author': 'Cucinotta',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Acta Biomed.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0158',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '33',
'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.78.1.33-41.2004',
'article-title': 'Cholesterol removal by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibits poliovirus '
'entry',
'volume': '78',
'author': 'Danthi',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'J. Virol.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0065',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1099/jgv.0.001578',
'article-title': 'Effective in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available '
'mouthwashes',
'volume': '102',
'author': 'Davies',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Gen. Virol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0102',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '56',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vacun.2020.09.003',
'article-title': 'Transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus through the ocular mucosa worth taking '
'precautions',
'volume': '22',
'author': 'Dawood',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Vacunas.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0164',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '232',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.003',
'article-title': 'Hydrogen peroxide inactivation of influenza virus preserves antigenic '
'structure and immunogenicity',
'volume': '207',
'author': 'Dembinski',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'J. Virol. Methods'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0086',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1351',
'DOI': '10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351',
'article-title': 'Biocides and novel antimicrobial agents for the mitigation of '
'coronaviruses',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Dev Kumar',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Microbiol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0009',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, '
'MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus',
'volume': '37',
'author': 'Dhama',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Travel. Med. Infect. Dis.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0092',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '651',
'DOI': '10.1164/rccm.202004-1263PP',
'article-title': 'Coughs and sneezes: their role in transmission of respiratory viral '
'infections, including SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '202',
'author': 'Dhand',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Am J Resp Crit Care Med'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0055',
'first-page': '31',
'article-title': 'The effect of 1% povidone iodine as a pre-procedural mouthrinse in 20 '
'patients with varying degrees of oral hygiene',
'volume': '48',
'author': 'Domingo',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'J. Philipp. Dent. Assoc.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0094',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622',
'article-title': 'The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein biosynthesis, structure, function, '
'and antigenicity: implications for the design of spike-based vaccine '
'immunogens',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Duan',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0058',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '491',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-015-0091-9',
'article-title': 'Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products '
'against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and '
'modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)',
'volume': '4',
'author': 'Eggers',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0057',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '249',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-018-0200-7',
'article-title': 'In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of povidone-iodine '
'gargle/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Eggers',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0074',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '581',
'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-019-00260-x',
'article-title': 'Infectious disease management and control with povidone iodine',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Eggers',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Dis. Ther.'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0116',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101584',
'article-title': 'In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and '
'povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A '
'randomized-controlled clinical trial',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Elzein',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J Evid-Based Dent Pract'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0173',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0194729',
'article-title': 'Comparison of the oral microbiome in mouthwash and whole saliva samples',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Fan',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'PLoS. One'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0001',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1',
'article-title': 'Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis',
'author': 'Fehr',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0117',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '24392',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-03461-y',
'article-title': 'Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load '
'of SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Ferrer',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0046',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fcimb.2021.654813',
'article-title': 'Metabolic implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in '
'SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Forcados',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0072',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '16',
'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00768-4',
'article-title': 'Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 among fully vaccinated individuals',
'volume': '22',
'author': 'Franco-Paredes',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect. Dis.'},
{ 'issue': '9',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0061',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '586',
'DOI': '10.1177/0145561320932318',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine use in sinonasal and oral cavities: a review of safety '
'in the COVID-19 era',
'volume': '99',
'author': 'Frank',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Ear Nose Throat J.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0040',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '136',
'DOI': '10.1111/idh.12555',
'article-title': 'Could mouth rinses be an adjuvant in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 '
'patients? An appraisal with a systematic review',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Gandhi',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Dent. Hyg.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0155',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119689',
'article-title': 'The lord of the nanorings: cyclodextrins and the battle against '
'SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '588',
'author': 'Garrido',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0051',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '159',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.008',
'article-title': 'Excessive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 posing a potential '
'threat to living beings',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'Ghafoor',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Curr. Res. Toxicol.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0161',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '703',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02664.x',
'article-title': 'Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet',
'volume': '99',
'author': 'Gilbert',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'J App Microbiol'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0136',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1098/rsos.181303',
'article-title': 'Screening of cytotoxic or cytostatic flavonoids with quantitative '
'fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator-based cell cycle '
'assay',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Go',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'R. Soc. Open. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '10',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0118',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3707',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00784-020-03549-1',
'article-title': 'A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen '
'peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '24',
'author': 'Gottsauner',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Oral Investig.'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0082',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '506',
'DOI': '10.1111/jpc.12232',
'article-title': 'Recurrent anaphylaxis caused by topical povidone-iodine (Betadine)',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Gray',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'J. Paediatr. Child Health'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0120',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '757',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004',
'article-title': 'Upper respiratory infections',
'volume': '40',
'author': 'Grief',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Prim. Care'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0077',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '19',
'DOI': '10.1097/ICU.0000000000000437',
'article-title': 'The use of povidone-iodine in ophthalmology',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Grzybowski',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Curr Opinion Ophthalmol'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0122',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2321',
'DOI': '10.2147/IDR.S177247',
'article-title': 'Health care-associated infections - An overview',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Haque',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Infect. Drug Resist'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0062',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '900',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41415-020-1794-1',
'article-title': 'Povidone iodine gargle and mouthwash',
'volume': '228',
'author': 'Hassandarvish',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Brit Dent J'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0087',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2925',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00784-020-03413-2',
'article-title': 'Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?',
'volume': '24',
'author': 'Herrera',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Oral Investig.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0095',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '271',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a '
'clinically proven protease inhibitor',
'volume': '181',
'author': 'Hoffmann',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Cell'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0145',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.2217/fvl-2020-0099',
'article-title': 'Possible SARS-coronavirus 2 inhibitor revealed by simulated molecular '
'docking to viral main protease and host toll-like receptor',
'author': 'Hu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Future Virol.'},
{ 'issue': '7',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0115',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '4370',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26954',
'article-title': 'Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 '
'patients',
'volume': '93',
'author': 'Huang',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0027',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '15',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.010',
'article-title': 'Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): current status and prospects for drug '
'and vaccine development',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Ita',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Arch. Med. Res.'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0119',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1135',
'DOI': '10.1007/BF02722930',
'article-title': 'Upper respiratory tract infections',
'volume': '68',
'author': 'Jain',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Indian J Paediatr'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0150',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '356',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.017',
'article-title': 'Cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulations I: structure and '
'physicochemical properties, formation of complexes, and types of '
'complex',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Jambhekar',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Drug Discov. Today'},
{ 'year': '2007',
'series-title': 'Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Action Plan of the Japanese government',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0073'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0004',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819',
'article-title': 'Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: a critical '
'review on the unresolved dichotomy',
'volume': '188',
'author': 'Jayaweera',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Environ. Res.'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0142',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2023',
'DOI': '10.1111/cbdd.13604',
'article-title': 'Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease '
'inhibitors',
'volume': '94',
'author': 'Jo',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Chem. Biol. Drug Des.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0156',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'eaax9318',
'DOI': '10.1126/sciadv.aax9318',
'article-title': 'Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Jones',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Sci. Adv.'},
{ 'issue': '11',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0041',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1247',
'DOI': '10.1111/ijcp.12707',
'article-title': 'Practical use of povidone-iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral '
'health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal '
'infections',
'volume': '69',
'author': 'Kanagalingam',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Clin. Pract.'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0075',
'first-page': '105',
'article-title': 'Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical '
'conditions, and chemical reagents',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Kariwa',
'year': '2004',
'journal-title': 'Jap J Vet Res'},
{ 'issue': 'S1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0056',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S119',
'DOI': '10.1159/000089211',
'article-title': 'Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical '
'conditions and chemical reagents',
'volume': '212',
'author': 'Kariwa',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'Dermatology'},
{ 'issue': '9',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0109',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '977',
'DOI': '10.3855/jidc.13224',
'article-title': 'Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the tears and conjunctival secretions of '
'coronavirus disease 2019 patients',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Kaya',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Infect. Dev. Ctries.'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0030',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40906',
'article-title': 'Analysis of vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 and emergence of '
'Delta and other variants of concern in Utah',
'volume': '4',
'author': 'Keegan',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'JAMa Netw. Open.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0080',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102618',
'article-title': 'Repurposing 0.5% povidone iodine solution in otorhinolaryngology '
'practice in Covid 19 pandemic',
'volume': '41',
'author': 'Khan',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Am. J. Otolaryngol.'},
{ 'issue': '20',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0135',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '4712',
'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25204712',
'article-title': 'Antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids: a systematic review and '
'meta-analysis',
'volume': '25',
'author': 'Khater',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Molecules.'},
{ 'issue': 'S1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0079',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S45',
'DOI': '10.1017/S0022215114002746',
'article-title': 'Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells',
'volume': '129',
'author': 'Kim',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'J. Laryngol. Otol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0081',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.2139/ssrn.3563092',
'article-title': 'The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current '
'COVID-19 pandemic may reduce cross infection and protect healthcare '
'workers',
'author': 'Kirk-Bayley',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'SSRN Electr J'},
{ 'issue': '18',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0127',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1623',
'DOI': '10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0104',
'article-title': 'Can we prevent influenza-like illnesses by gargling?',
'volume': '46',
'author': 'Kitamura',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Intern. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0121',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '57',
'DOI': '10.1186/s13756-015-0097-9',
'article-title': 'Mortality related to hospital-associated infections in a tertiary '
'hospital; repeated cross-sectional studies between 2004 and 2011',
'volume': '4',
'author': 'Koch',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0078',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '862',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.002',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine concentration and dosing in cataract surgery',
'volume': '63',
'author': 'Koerner',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Surv. Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'issue': '9',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0124',
'first-page': '1',
'article-title': 'Prevention of respiratory viral infections by virucidal mucosal '
'antisepsis among medical staff and the community',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Kramar',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Hyg. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0043',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '87',
'DOI': '10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z',
'article-title': 'The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease',
'volume': '17',
'author': 'Kumpitsch',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'BMC. Biol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0049',
'article-title': 'Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): as excipient '
'from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on '
'COVID-19 inhibition',
'volume': '60',
'author': 'Kurakula',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0054',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '579',
'DOI': '10.2217/cpr.13.50',
'article-title': 'Antiseptics in the era of bacterial resistance: a focus on povidone '
'iodine',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Lachapelle',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Pract.'},
{ 'issue': '21',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0093',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '8114',
'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph17218114',
'article-title': 'Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of '
'COVID-19 in indoor environments',
'volume': '17',
'author': 'Lelieveld',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0006',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '237',
'DOI': '10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301',
'article-title': 'Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins',
'volume': '3',
'author': 'Li',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Annu Rev. Virol.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0105',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '253',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5813',
'article-title': 'Conjunctival findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019',
'volume': '139',
'author': 'Liu',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'JAMa Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0171',
'article-title': 'Short-term effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and listerine on oral '
'microbiome in hospitalized patients',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Liu',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0139',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '03630',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103630',
'article-title': 'Structural characterization, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective '
'activities of flavonoids from the bulbs of Heleocharis dulcis',
'volume': '96',
'author': 'Ma',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Bioorg. Chem.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0028',
'first-page': '14',
'article-title': 'Recent developments on therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for '
'COVID-19',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'Majumder',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Am Assoc Pharm Sci J'},
{ 'first-page': '2020',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2',
'year': '2020',
'series-title': 'Based on Available Evidence up to 3 July 2020',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0067'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0114',
'article-title': 'Is povidone iodine mouthwash effective against SARS-CoV-2? First in '
'vivo tests',
'volume': '2020',
'author': 'Martínez Lamas',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Oral Dis.'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0064',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1289',
'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/jiaa471',
'article-title': 'Virucidal efficacy of different oral rinses against severe acute '
'respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2',
'volume': '222',
'author': 'Meister',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Infect. Dis.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0154',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '312',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.041',
'article-title': 'Advances of nanosystems containing cyclodextrins and their applications '
'in pharmaceuticals',
'volume': '559',
'author': 'Menezes',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Pharm.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0130',
'first-page': '673',
'article-title': 'The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for '
'inflammation, heart disease, and cancer',
'volume': '52',
'author': 'Middleton',
'year': '2000',
'journal-title': 'Pharmacol. Rev.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0175',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '597',
'DOI': '10.2334/josnusd.16-0593',
'article-title': 'The effects of essential oil, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine '
'mouthwash on salivary nitrate/nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria',
'volume': '59',
'author': 'Mitsui',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'J. Oral Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0163',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '279',
'DOI': '10.1016/0195-6701(90)90036-N',
'article-title': 'Effective inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus with '
'chlorhexidine antiseptics containing detergents and alcohol',
'volume': '15',
'author': 'Montefiori',
'year': '1990',
'journal-title': 'J. Hosp. Infect.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0144',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173759',
'article-title': 'Flavonols as potential antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteases '
'(3CLpro and PLpro), spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) '
'and angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2)',
'volume': '891',
'author': 'Mouffouk',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Pharmacol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0153',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '46',
'DOI': '10.1111/bcpt.12917',
'article-title': 'Cyclodextrin-based formulations: a non-invasive platform for targeted '
'drug delivery',
'volume': '122',
'author': 'Muankaew',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.'},
{ 'issue': '17',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0146',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3980',
'DOI': '10.3390/molecules25173980',
'article-title': 'Natural flavonoids as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 '
'inhibitors for anti-SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '25',
'author': 'Muchtaridi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Molecules.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0013',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '201',
'DOI': '10.1055/s-2007-976492',
'article-title': 'Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Muller',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Semin Resp Crit Care Med'},
{ 'issue': 'S10',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0035',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S121',
'DOI': '10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b6d7ec',
'article-title': 'Microbial interactions in the respiratory tract',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Murphy',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.'},
{ 'issue': 'S1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0125',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S32',
'DOI': '10.1159/000057722',
'article-title': 'Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle',
'volume': '204',
'author': 'Nagatake',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Dermatology'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0131',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '319',
'DOI': '10.1128/CVI.13.3.319-328.2006',
'article-title': 'The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor '
'necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood '
'mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-kappa beta system',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Nair',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'Clin Vaccin Immunol'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0068',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '77',
'DOI': '10.1186/s40463-020-00474-x',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine solution as SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis for procedures of '
'the upper aerodigestive tract a theoretical framework',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Naqvi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0137',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '222',
'DOI': '10.1007/s10517-017-3771-5',
'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids '
'from Lychnis chalcedonica L',
'volume': '163',
'author': 'Nesterova',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Bull. Exp. Biol. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0098',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '422',
'DOI': '10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0',
'article-title': 'Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19',
'volume': '24',
'author': 'Ni',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Crit care (Lond Engl)'},
{ 'journal-title': 'medRxiv.',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria: a rapid systematic review and '
'meta-analysis',
'year': '2023',
'author': 'Nnaemeka',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0032'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0007',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2021.717941',
'article-title': 'Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses in humans and domestic '
'mammals, what are the ecological mechanisms driving transmission, '
'spillover, and disease emergence?',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Nova',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Front. Public Health'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0165',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'zqaa002',
'DOI': '10.1093/function/zqaa002',
'article-title': 'Potential role of oral rinses targeting the viral lipid envelope in '
'SARS-CoV-2 infection',
'volume': '1',
'author': "O'Donnell",
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Function'},
{ 'issue': 'NP2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0108',
'first-page': 'NP161',
'article-title': 'Conjunctivitis as sole symptom of COVID-19: a case report and review of '
'literature',
'volume': '31',
'author': 'Ozturker',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Ophthalmol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0160',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855',
'article-title': 'Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 entry',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Palacios-Rápalo',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Front. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0129',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e47',
'DOI': '10.1017/jns.2016.41',
'article-title': 'Flavonoids: an overview',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Panche',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'J. Nutr. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '13',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0134',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '4620',
'DOI': '10.3390/ijms21134620',
'article-title': 'Effects of apigenin on RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and HaCaT cells: '
'anti-Allergic, anti-inflammatory, and skin-protective activities',
'volume': '21',
'author': 'Park',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Mol. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': 'S3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0039',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S752',
'DOI': '10.1111/odi.13378',
'article-title': 'Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the '
'transmission of SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '27',
'author': 'Pattanshetty',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Oral Dis.'},
{ 'issue': 'S2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0063',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S192',
'DOI': '10.1177/0145561320957237',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of povidone-iodine nasal and oral antiseptic preparations '
'against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)',
'volume': '100',
'author': 'Pelletier',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Ear Nose Throat J.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0088',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '9',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9',
'article-title': 'Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Peng',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Oral Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0177',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1128/spectrum.01757-21',
'article-title': 'The impact of mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiota of men who have '
'sex with men: a substudy of the OMEGA trial',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Plummer',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Microbiol. Spectr.'},
{ 'issue': 'Pt2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0159',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '331',
'DOI': '10.1099/vir.0.070870-0',
'article-title': 'Role of the lipid rafts in the life cycle of canine coronavirus',
'volume': '96',
'author': 'Pratelli',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'J. Gen. Virol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0178',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph19073926',
'article-title': 'Fresh look at mouthwashes —What is inside and what is it for?',
'volume': '19',
'author': 'Radzki',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0176',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '204',
'DOI': '10.1186/s12903-023-02920-4',
'article-title': 'The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in '
'patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and '
'meta-analysis',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'Ren',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'BMC. Oral Health'},
{ 'issue': '9',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0033',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.ppat.1010876',
'article-title': 'Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Riemersma',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'PLoS. Pathog.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0037',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1226',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper '
'respiratory tract microbiome',
'volume': '147',
'author': 'Rosas-Salazar',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0132',
'article-title': 'Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection',
'volume': '328',
'author': 'Russo',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Chem-Biolog Interact'},
{ 'issue': '22',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0141',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '7940',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035',
'article-title': 'Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) '
'inhibition',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Ryu',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Bioorg. Med. Chem.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0018',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2010',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.26553',
'article-title': 'Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome from December 2019 to late March 2020: '
'emerged haplotypes and informative Tag nucleotide variations',
'volume': '93',
'author': 'Safari',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0099',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2020.594495',
'article-title': 'Body localization of ACE-2: on the trail of the keyhole of SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Salamanna',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0151',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1161',
'DOI': '10.3390/molecules23051161',
'article-title': 'Solubility of cyclodextrins and drug/cyclodextrin complexes',
'volume': '23',
'author': 'Saokham',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Molecules.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0126',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '302',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.013',
'article-title': 'Prevention of upper respiratory tract infections by gargling: a '
'randomized trial',
'volume': '29',
'author': 'Satomura',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'Am. J. Prev. Med.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0106',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e00774',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00774',
'article-title': 'Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19',
'volume': '20',
'author': 'Scalinci',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'IDCases.'},
{ 'issue': '3',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0053',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '241',
'DOI': '10.1080/00015458.2003.11679417',
'article-title': 'The role of iodine in antisepsis and wound management: a reappraisal',
'volume': '103',
'author': 'Selvaggi',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'Acta Chir. Belg.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0113',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '305',
'DOI': '10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9',
'article-title': 'Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: '
'randomized control trial in Singapore',
'volume': '49',
'author': 'Seneviratne',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Infection'},
{ 'issue': '21',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0096',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '11727',
'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.2003138117',
'article-title': 'Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2',
'volume': '117',
'author': 'Shang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Proc Nat Acad Sci USA'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0005',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '91',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human '
'coronaviruses',
'volume': '24',
'author': 'Shereen',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Adv. Res.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0140',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '16127',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-017-16336-y',
'article-title': 'Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens Inhibit hepatitis C virus entry',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Shimizu',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0034',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '183',
'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00648-4',
'article-title': 'Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the individuals in '
'the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study',
'volume': '22',
'author': 'Singanayaman',
'year': '2022',
'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect. Dis.'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0172',
'first-page': 'e477',
'article-title': 'Effect of using povidone iodine and herbal propolis antibacterial mouth '
'on blood pressure',
'volume': '30',
'author': 'Sitanaya',
'year': '2023',
'journal-title': 'J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol.'},
{ 'issue': '1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0025',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '16',
'DOI': '10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15291',
'article-title': 'ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2), COVID-19, and ACE inhibitor and '
'Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor blocker use during the pandemic: the '
'pediatric perspective',
'volume': '76',
'author': 'South',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Hypertension'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0133',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '105',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.001',
'article-title': 'Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids in neurodegenerative disorders',
'volume': '153',
'author': 'Spagnuolo',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Med. Chem.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0052',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '124',
'DOI': '10.1186/1743-422X-6-124',
'article-title': 'Mechanisms of the action of povidone-iodine against human and avian '
'influenza A viruses: its effects on hemagglutination and sialidase '
'activities',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Sriwilaijaroen',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Virol. J.'},
{ 'issue': '6',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0045',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '644',
'DOI': '10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8',
'article-title': 'Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) '
'infection: a review',
'volume': '39',
'author': 'Suhail',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Protein J.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0103',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'unstructured': 'Sun C.B., Wang Y.Y., Liu G.H., Liu Z. (2020) Role of the eye in '
'transmitting human coronavirus: what we know and what we do not know. '
'Front Public Health 8:155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155.',
'DOI': '10.3389/fpubh.2020.00155'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0011',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '578',
'DOI': '10.3389/fvets.2020.00578',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 in human, animal, and environment: a review',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Swelum',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front. Vet. Sci.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0029',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173890',
'article-title': 'A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease '
'(COVID-19) treatment',
'volume': '895',
'author': 'Tarighi',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Eur. J. Pharmacol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0138',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109004',
'article-title': 'Flavonoids showed anticancer effects on the ovarian cancer cells: '
'involvement of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, cell cycle and '
'invasion',
'volume': '116',
'author': 'Tavsan',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Biomed. PharmacOther'},
{ 'issue': 'S1',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0162',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'S57',
'DOI': '10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_162_20',
'article-title': 'Chlorhexidine: an elixir for periodontics',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Thangavelu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '15',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0089',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '841',
'DOI': '10.1093/cid/ciaa149',
'article-title': 'Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva',
'volume': '71',
'author': 'To',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Clin. Infect. Dis.'},
{ 'issue': '7',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0047',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '720',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.025',
'article-title': 'Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 by electrochemical oxidation',
'volume': '66',
'author': 'Tu',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Sci Bull'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0031',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3674',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-021-23938-8',
'article-title': 'Controlling the pandemic during the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rollout',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Viana',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Nat Comm'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0042',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '27',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.009',
'article-title': 'Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of '
'medical importance',
'volume': '94',
'author': 'Vieira Colombo',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Microb. Pathog.'},
{ 'year': '2021',
'series-title': 'Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) Pandemic',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0023'},
{ 'issue': '2',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0010',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '281',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058',
'article-title': 'Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike '
'glycoprotein',
'volume': '181',
'author': 'Walls',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Cell'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0003',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'DOI': '10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_1',
'article-title': 'Coronaviruses: an updated overview of their replication and '
'pathogenesis',
'author': 'Wang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Coronaviruses. Methods Mol. Biol..'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0024',
'unstructured': 'World Health Organization Data (2024) WHO COVID-19 dashboard. '
'https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/ Accessed June 17, 2024.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0123',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '459',
'DOI': '10.2147/JMDH.S254964',
'article-title': 'Health professionals oral health knowledge and practice: unleashing the '
'hidden challenges',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Yimenu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Multidiscip. Healthc.'},
{ 'issue': '20',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0090',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e195',
'DOI': '10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195',
'article-title': 'Clinical significance of a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva',
'volume': '35',
'author': 'Yoon',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Korean Med. Sci.'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0148',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1124',
'DOI': '10.1002/ddr.21815',
'article-title': 'Potential antiviral activity of isorhamnetin against SARS-CoV-2 spike '
'pseudotyped virus in vitro',
'volume': '82',
'author': 'Zhan',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'Drug Dev. Res.'},
{ 'issue': '5',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0143',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '479',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25707',
'article-title': 'Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systematic '
'review',
'volume': '92',
'author': 'Zhang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J. Med. Virol.'},
{ 'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0048',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '38669',
'DOI': '10.1038/srep38669',
'article-title': 'Use of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution for sterilisation and '
'preservation improves mechanical properties and osteogenesis of '
'allografts',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Zhao',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Sci. Rep.'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0100',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '537',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.007',
'article-title': 'ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the human ocular surface, suggesting '
'susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Zhou',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Ocul Surface'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0017',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '727',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2001017',
'article-title': 'Tan W & China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020) '
'A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China',
'volume': '382',
'author': 'Zhu',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '12',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0044',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1177',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMc2001737',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected '
'patients',
'volume': '382',
'author': 'Zou',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'N. Engl. J. Med.'},
{ 'issue': '9997',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0014',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '995',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60454-8',
'article-title': 'Middle East respiratory syndrome',
'volume': '386',
'author': 'Zumla',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'issue': '4',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0097',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '209',
'DOI': '10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206788',
'article-title': 'Is FURIN gene expression in salivary glands related to SARS-CoV-2 '
'infectivity through saliva?',
'volume': '74',
'author': 'Zupin',
'year': '2021',
'journal-title': 'J. Clin. Pathol.'},
{ 'issue': '8',
'key': '10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293_bib0015',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '523',
'DOI': '10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81',
'article-title': 'SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'de Wit',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Nat. Rev. Microbiol.'}],
'container-title': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666517424000762?httpAccept=text/xml',
'content-type': 'text/xml',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'},
{ 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2666517424000762?httpAccept=text/plain',
'content-type': 'text/plain',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'text-mining'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 3]],
'date-time': '2024-11-03T02:35:42Z',
'timestamp': 1730601342000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666517424000762'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024]]},
'references-count': 176,
'alternative-id': ['S2666517424000762'],
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2666-5174'],
'subject': [],
'container-title-short': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2024]]},
'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'},
{ 'value': 'Antiseptics: An expeditious third force in the prevention and management of '
'coronavirus diseases',
'name': 'articletitle',
'label': 'Article Title'},
{ 'value': 'Current Research in Microbial Sciences',
'name': 'journaltitle',
'label': 'Journal Title'},
{ 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100293',
'name': 'articlelink',
'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'},
{'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'},
{ 'value': '© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.',
'name': 'copyright',
'label': 'Copyright'}],
'article-number': '100293'}
