The Role of Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone Iodine (PVP-I) in Preventing Cross-Infection during Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review in the COVID-19 Context

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_78_24", "ISSN": [ "2231-0762", "2250-1002" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_78_24", "abstract": "<jats:title>A<jats:sc>bstract</jats:sc>\n </jats:title>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Aim:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>As the dental community navigates the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mitigating the risk of viral cross-transmission among dentists and dental clinic operators remains paramount. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVP-I) has emerged as a promising agent in reducing the chance of cross-transmission, primarily through its broad-spectrum antiseptic properties and ability to kill viruses rapidly. This study aimed to explore the role of PVP-I in preventing cross-infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and assess its effectiveness as a prophylaxis before dental treatment.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Materials and Methods:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>A comprehensive search of multiple databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Sage Journal, Cochrane, and Wiley Online Library, was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study selection process utilized the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design framework (P: SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, I: PVP-I mouthwash, C: various PVP-I concentrations, O: virucidal effect, S: randomized-controlled trials and clinical trials). Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance, and full-text articles were assessed for eligibility based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 for randomized controlled trials and Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool for <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro</jats:italic> studies. A total of 11 articles (seven <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro</jats:italic> and four <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo</jats:italic>) were included in the systematic review.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Our findings suggest that PVP-I exhibits superior antiseptic properties compared to other agents, with gargling using PVP-I solutions of 0.2% and 0.5% demonstrating significant efficacy in reducing viral load in saliva. Notably, PVP-I showed rapid virucidal action, effectively reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and potentially lowering the risk of cross-infection during dental procedures. However, despite these promising results in viral reduction, the evidence remains insufficient to definitively recommend PVP-I as a routine clinical prophylaxis for preventing cross-infection in dental care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to establish its widespread use.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>This systematic review highlights the potential of PVP-I as a critical antiseptic in dental settings to mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The rapid and significant reduction in viral load suggests that PVP-I could play a pivotal role in infection control protocols. Nonetheless, further robust clinical trials are essential to confirm its efficacy and guide its adoption in routine dental care practices.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Publication History", "name": "publication_history" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "value": "2024-05-29" }, { "group": { "label": "Publication History", "name": "publication_history" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "value": "2025-03-22" } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" } ], "family": "Gunawan", "given": "Vania Jovita", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" } ], "family": "Siregar", "given": "Fitrina Rachmadanty", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" } ], "family": "Vidiasratri", "given": "Agatha Ravi", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" } ], "family": "Hanindriyo", "given": "Lisdrianto", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry", "container-title-short": "J Int Soc Prev Community Dent", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "lww.com", "ovid.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 7, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-07-02T00:01:01Z", "timestamp": 1751414461000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 7, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-07-02T00:01:14Z", "timestamp": 1751414474000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 7, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-07-02T00:40:02Z", "timestamp": 1751416802811, "version": "3.41.0" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "3", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "3", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0", "content-version": "unspecified", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1746057600000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_78_24", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "276", "original-title": [], "page": "197-210", "prefix": "10.4103", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 6, 30 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5 ] ] }, "publisher": "Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)", "reference": [ { "article-title": "Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2", "author": "Malik", "first-page": "3", "journal-title": "Malays J Pathol", "key": "CIT0001-20250702", "volume": "42", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270", "article-title": "The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview", "author": "Wu", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "217", "journal-title": "J Chin Med Assoc", "key": "CIT0002-20250702", "volume": "83", "year": "2020" }, { "article-title": "Methods and Protocols", "author": "Maier", "first-page": "1", "journal-title": "Humana Press", "key": "CIT0003-20250702", "year": "2015" }, { "article-title": "Wuhan to world: The COVID-19 pandemic. 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