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Antiviral Mechanism and Clinical Benefits of Mouthwash Active Against SARS-CoV-2

Brito-Reia et al., Current Oral Health Reports, doi:10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1
Feb 2024  
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46th treatment shown to reduce risk in January 2024, now with p = 0.00000000062 from 3 studies.
Lower risk for progression, cases, and viral clearance.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 112 treatments. c19early.org
Review of antiviral mechanisms and clinical benefits of mouthwashes for SARS-CoV-2, including chlorhexidine (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), ethyl lauroyl arginate (ELA), hydrogen peroxide (HP), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and anionic phthalocyanine derivative (APD).
Reviews covering chlorhexidine for COVID-19 include1-3.
Brito-Reia et al., 19 Feb 2024, peer-reviewed, 4 authors. Contact: veronicabr@usp.br.
This PaperChlorhexidineAll
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' '2021;11(1):19937. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99013-5.\xa0Using ' 'mouthwashes with a substance that has antiviral effects against the ' 'SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to a randomized clinical trial, can reduce ' "patients' symptoms and the spread of infection.", 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-99013-5'}, { 'key': '368_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Poleti ML, Gregório D, Bistaffa AGI, et al. The use of a mouthwash and a ' 'dentifrice containing antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative on the ' 'reduction of clinical symptoms of COVID-19: a randomized triple-blinded ' 'clinical trial. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2021. ' 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1139111/v1.', 'DOI': '10.21203/rs.3.rs-1139111/v1'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '368_CR41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '29', 'DOI': '10.1159/000246027', 'volume': '195', 'author': 'R Kawana', 'year': '1997', 'unstructured': 'Kawana R, Kitamura T, Nakagomi O, Matsumoto I, Arita M, Yoshihara N, ' 'Yanagi K, Yamada A, Morita O, Yoshida Y, Furuya Y, Chiba S. Inactivation ' 'of human viruses by povidone-iodine in comparison with other ' 'antiseptics. Dermatology. 1997;195(2):29–35. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1159/000246027.', 'journal-title': 'Dermatology'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '368_CR42', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '32', 'DOI': '10.1159/000057722', 'volume': '204', 'author': 'T Nagatake', 'year': '2002', 'unstructured': 'Nagatake T, Ahmed K, Oishi K. Prevention of respiratory infections by ' 'povidone-iodine gargle. Dermatology. 2002;204(1):32–6. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1159/000057722.', 'journal-title': 'Dermatology'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '368_CR43', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '669', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'DE Anderson', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Anderson DE, Sivalingam V, Kang AEZ, Ananthanarayanan A, Arumugam H, ' 'Jenkins TM, Hadjiat Y, Eggers M. Povidone-iodine demonstrates rapid in ' 'vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19 ' 'disease. Infect Dis Ther. 2020;9(3):669–75. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3.', 'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Ther'}, { 'issue': '12', 'key': '368_CR44', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '900', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41415-020-1794-1', 'volume': '228', 'author': 'P Hassandarvish', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Hassandarvish P, Tiong V, Sazaly AB, Mohamed NA, Arumugam H, ' 'Ananthanarayanan A, Qasuri M, Hadjiat Y. Povidone iodine gargle and ' 'mouthwash. Br Dent J. 2020;228(12):900. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1794-1.', 'journal-title': 'Br Dent J'}, { 'key': '368_CR45', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Martinez Lamas L, Diz Dios P, Perez Rodriguez MT, Del Campo P, Cabrera ' 'Alvargonzalez JJ, Lopez Dominguez AM, Fernandez Feijoo J, Diniz Freitas ' 'M, Limeres Posse J. Is povidone-iodine mouthwash effective against ' 'SARS-CoV-2? First in vivo tests. Oral Dis. 2020. [epub ahead of print 2 ' 'Jul 2020]. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13526.', 'DOI': '10.1111/odi.13526'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '368_CR46', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e00576', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.00576-20', 'volume': '64', 'author': 'X Mao', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Mao X, Auer DL, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A, ' 'Cieplik F. Cetylpyridinium chloride: mechanism of action, antimicrobial ' 'efficacy in biofilms, and potential risks of resistance. Antimicrob ' 'Agents Chemother. 2020;64(8):e00576-e620. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00576-20.', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '368_CR47', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '481', 'DOI': '10.1177/0022034520914246', 'volume': '99', 'author': 'L Meng', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and ' 'future challenges for dental and oral medicine. J Dent Res. ' '2020;99(5):481–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520914246.', 'journal-title': 'J Dent Res'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '368_CR48', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '27', 'DOI': '10.1111/idh.12402', 'volume': '18', 'author': 'BWM Van Swaaij', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Van Swaaij BWM, van der Weijden GAF, Bakker EWP, Graziani F, Slot DE. ' 'Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti-discoloration system, reduce ' 'tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic ' 'review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2020;18(1):27–43. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12402.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Dent Hyg'}, { 'key': '368_CR49', 'unstructured': 'How Does COVIXYL-V Nasal Spray Work? Available online:\xa0' 'https://salvacion-usa.com/facts-about-salvacions-product. Accessed 14 ' 'Jun 2023.'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '368_CR50', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1612', 'DOI': '10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612', 'volume': '13', 'author': 'B Pilicheva', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Pilicheva B, Boyuklieva R. Can the nasal cavity help tackle COVID-19? ' 'Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(10):1612. ' 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612.', 'journal-title': 'Pharmaceutics'}], 'container-title': 'Current Oral Health Reports', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-05-01T12:54:45Z', 'timestamp': 1714568085000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 19]]}, 'references-count': 50, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '2', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 6]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['368'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40496-024-00368-1', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2196-3002'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Curr Oral Health Rep', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 19]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '1 February 2024', 'order': 1, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '19 February 2024', 'order': 2, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of Interest'}}, { 'value': 'This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects ' 'performed by any of the present authors.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': { 'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent'}}]}
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