Oral Co-Supplementation of Curcumin, Quercetin, and Vitamin D3 as an Adjuvant Therapy for Mild to Moderate Symptoms of COVID-19—Results From a Pilot Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Amjad Khan, Somia Iqtadar, Sami Ullah Mumtaz, Michael Heinrich, Domingo A Pascual-Figal, Shona Livingstone, Sajid Abaidullah
Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.898062
Background: Curcumin, quercetin, and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) are common natural ingredients of human nutrition and reportedly exhibit promising anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, broad-spectrum antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of a single oral formulation containing supplements curcumin, quercetin, and cholecalciferol (combinedly referred to here as CQC) as an adjuvant therapy for early-stage of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 in a pilot open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted at
ETHICS STATEMENT The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, with approval No. 785/RC/KEMU. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS AK contributed to the study design, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, and literature search; SI, SM, and SA contributed to the study design, data collection, data interpretation, and literature search; DP-F and MH critically reviewed and edited the manuscript; and SL helped in data analysis and revision of the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher's Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors, and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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doi:10.3906/biy-2104-16{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 6, 7]], 'date-time': '2022-06-07T15:42:45Z', 'timestamp': 1654616565317},
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'abstract': '<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Curcumin, quercetin, and vitamin D3 '
'(cholecalciferol) are common natural ingredients of human nutrition and reportedly exhibit '
'promising anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, broad-spectrum antiviral, and antioxidant '
'activities.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:</jats:bold> The present study aimed to '
'investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of a single oral formulation containing '
'supplements curcumin, quercetin, and cholecalciferol (combinedly referred to here as CQC) as '
'an adjuvant therapy for early-stage of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a '
'pilot open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted at Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical '
'University, Lahore, Pakistan.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> Reverse '
'transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed, mild to moderate symptomatic '
'COVID-19 outpatients were randomized to receive either the standard of care (SOC) '
'(<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) (control arm) or a daily oral co-supplementation of '
'168\xa0mg curcumin, 260\xa0mg quercetin, and 9\xa0µg (360 IU) of cholecalciferol, as two oral '
'soft capsules b.i.d. as an add-on to the SOC (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25) (CQC arm) '
'for 14\xa0days. The SOC includes paracetamol with or without antibiotic (azithromycin). '
'Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR test, acute symptoms, and '
'biochemistry including C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, '
'and complete blood count were evaluated at baseline and follow-up day '
'seven.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> Patients who received the CQC adjuvant '
'therapy showed expedited negativization of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, i.e., 15 (60.0%) vs. '
'five (20.0%) of the control arm, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.009. COVID-19- associated '
'acute symptoms were rapidly resolved in the CQC arm, i.e., 15 (60.0%) vs. 10 (40.0%) of the '
'control arm, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.154. Patients in the CQC arm experienced a '
'greater fall in serum CRP levels, i.e., from (median (IQR) 34.0 (21.0, 45.0) to 11.0 (5.0, '
'16.0)\xa0mg/dl as compared to the control arm, i.e., from 36.0 (28.0, 47.0) to 22.0 (15.0, '
'25.0)\xa0mg/dl, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006. The adjuvant therapy of '
'co-supplementation of CQC was safe and well-tolerated by all 25 patients and no '
'treatment-emergent effects, complications, side effects, or serious adverse events were '
'reported.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:</jats:bold> The co-supplementation of CQC '
'may possibly have a therapeutic role in the early stage of COVID-19 infection including '
'speedy negativization of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, resolution of acute symptoms, and '
'modulation of the hyperinflammatory response. In combination with routine care, the adjuvant '
'co-supplementation of CQC may possibly help in the speedy recovery from early-stage mild to '
'moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Further research is '
'warranted.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial '
'Registration:</jats:bold><jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov</jats:ext-link>, identifier '
'NCT05130671</jats:p>',
'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2022.898062',
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