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18 melatonin COVID-19 controlled studies, 9 RCTs
78% improvement
for early treatment, RR
0.22
[0.06-0.75]
https://c19early.org/jmeta.html
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Lissoni
91%
0.09 [0.01-1.57]
20mg
hosp.
0/30
5/30
CT1
Improvement, RR [CI]
Dose (1d)
Treatment
Control
Alizadeh (SB RCT)
73%
0.27 [0.07-1.05]
6mg
no recov.
2/14
9/17
Ramlall (ICU)
87%
0.13 [0.08-0.22]
n/a
death
196 (n)
752 (n)
Intubated patients
Darban (RCT)
33%
0.67 [0.14-3.17]
24mg
progression
2/10
3/10
ICU patients CT1
Darban (RCT)
6%
0.94 [0.84-1.06]
24mg
ICU
10 (n)
10 (n)
ICU patients CT1
Hosseini
48%
0.52 [0.36-0.77]
9mg
recov. time
20 (n)
20 (n)
Farnoosh (DB RCT)
81%
0.19 [0.01-3.65]
9mg
ICU
0/24
2/20
Farnoosh (DB RCT)
49%
0.51 [0.32-0.81]
9mg
recov. time
24 (n)
20 (n)
Farnoosh (DB RCT)
44%
0.56 [0.10-3.00]
9mg
no disch.
2/24
3/20
Farnoosh (DB RCT)
43%
0.57 [0.35-0.92]
9mg
no disch.
24 (n)
20 (n)
Sánchez-González
54%
0.46 [0.28-0.71]
varies
death
24/224
53/224
Mousavi (RCT)
67%
0.33 [0.04-3.09]
3mg
death
1/48
3/48
Mousavi (RCT)
40%
0.60 [0.24-1.52]
3mg
ICU
6/48
10/48
Hasan (RCT)
93%
0.07 [0.01-0.53]
10mg
death
1/82
13/76
Bologna
50%
0.50 [0.13-1.86]
2mg
death
3/40
6/40
Bologna
50%
0.50 [0.13-1.86]
2mg
ICU
3/40
6/40
Bologna
9%
0.91 [0.83-1.00]
2mg
hosp. time
40 (n)
40 (n)
Bologna
39%
0.61 [0.53-0.71]
2mg
s-i time
40 (n)
40 (n)
Bologna
58%
0.42 [0.33-0.52]
2mg
NIV time
40 (n)
40 (n)
Bologna
8%
0.92 [0.78-1.09]
2mg
HFO time
40 (n)
40 (n)
Bologna
18%
0.82 [0.74-0.90]
2mg
sleep
40 (n)
40 (n)
Bologna
33%
0.67 [0.54-0.82]
2mg
delirium
40 (n)
40 (n)
Sánchez-Rico
19%
0.81 [0.61-1.08]
2mg
death
Karimpour-.. (ICU)
39%
0.61 [0.21-1.76]
15mg
death
5/12
13/19
ICU patients
Karimpour-.. (ICU)
43%
0.57 [0.28-1.18]
15mg
ventilation time
12 (n)
19 (n)
ICU patients
Karimpour-.. (ICU)
2%
0.98 [0.81-1.19]
15mg
ICU
12 (n)
19 (n)
ICU patients
Alizadeh (DB RCT)
4%
0.96 [0.80-1.16]
21mg
death
28/33
30/34
Intubated patients
Alizadeh (DB RCT)
14%
0.86 [0.70-1.06]
21mg
no recov.
26/33
31/34
Intubated patients
Alizadeh (DB RCT)
27%
0.73 [0.51-1.05]
21mg
ventilation time
33 (n)
34 (n)
Intubated patients
Fogleman (DB RCT)
17%
0.83 [0.55-1.25]
recovery
32 (n)
34 (n)
Ameri (RCT)
29%
0.71 [0.62-0.82]
10mg
death
73/109
110/117
ICU patients
Ameri (RCT)
28%
0.72 [0.58-0.90]
10mg
ventilation
56/109
83/117
ICU patients
Ameri (RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.63-0.89]
10mg
no recov.
109 (n)
117 (n)
ICU patients
Ameri (RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.57-0.98]
10mg
recov. time
109 (n)
117 (n)
ICU patients
Ameri (RCT)
29%
0.71 [0.53-0.96]
10mg
hosp. time
109 (n)
117 (n)
ICU patients
Jehi
58%
0.42 [0.26-0.68]
n/a
cases
16/529
802/11,143
Jehi
100%
0.00 [0.00-2.68]
n/a
cases
0/18
290/2,005
Zhou (PSM)
21%
0.79 [0.65-0.94]
n/a
cases
García-G.. (DB RCT)
7%
0.93 [0.06-14.7]
2mg
symp. case
1/163
1/151
García-G.. (DB RCT)
-108%
2.08 [0.66-6.63]
2mg
cases
9/163
4/151
Melatonin COVID-19 outcomes
c19 early.org/j May 2023
1 CT: study uses combined treatment
Favors melatonin
Favors control
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be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention
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