Evaluation of Th1 and Th2 mediated cellular and humoral immunity in patients with COVID-19 following the use of melatonin as an adjunctive treatment
Hosseini et al.,
Evaluation of Th1 and Th2 mediated cellular and humoral immunity in patients with COVID-19 following the use..,
European Journal of Pharmacology, doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174193
40 hospitalized patients in Iran, 20 treated with melatonin, showing faster recovery and attenuated inflammatory cytokines with treatment.
recovery time, 47.6% lower, relative time 0.52, p = 0.001, treatment 20, control 20.
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Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
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Hosseini et al., 17 May 2021, prospective, Iran, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
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European Journal of Pharmacology 904 (2021) 174193
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Full length article
Evaluation of Th1 and Th2 mediated cellular and humoral immunity in
patients with COVID-19 following the use of melatonin as an
adjunctive treatment
Abdolkarim Hosseini a, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh b, Hossein Aghamollaei c, Mahdi Fasihi
Ramandi d, Gholamhossein Alishiri c, Alireza Shahriary c, Kazem Hassanpour e, Mahdi Tat a,
Gholamreza Farnoosh f, *
a
Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
c
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
d
Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
e
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar, Iran
f
Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
b
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
Melatonin
COVID-19
Humoral immunity
Cellular immunity
T helper
Adjunctive therapy
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly in the world and is still taking a heavy toll. Studies show that
cytokine storms and imbalances in T-helper (Th)1/Th2 play a significant role in most acute cases of the disease. A
number of medications have been suggested to treat or control the disease but have been discontinued due to
their side effects. Melatonin, as an intrinsic molecule, possesses pharmacological anti-inflammatory and anti
oxidant properties that decreases in concentration with age; as a result, older people are more prone to various
diseases. In this study, patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
were given a melatonin adjuvant (9 mg daily, orally) for fourteen days. In order to measure markers of Th1 and
Th2 inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ) as well as the expression of
Th1 and Th2 regulatory genes (signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4, STAT6, GATA binding
protein 3 (GATA3), and T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet)), blood samples were taken from patients at the
beginning and end of the treatment. Adjuvant therapy with melatonin controlled and reduced inflammatory
cytokines in patients with COVID-19. Melatonin also controlled and modulated the dysregulated genes that
regulate the humoral and cellular immune systems mediated by Th1 and..
Late treatment
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