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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality 54% Improvement Relative Risk c19early.org/d Ahmad et al. Vitamin D for COVID-19 Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective study in multiple countries Lower mortality with higher vitamin D levels (p=0.032) Ahmad et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253361 Favors vitamin D Favors control
Mean Vitamin D levels in 19 European Countries & COVID-19 Mortality over 10 months
Ahmad et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253361 (Preprint)
Ahmad et al., Mean Vitamin D levels in 19 European Countries & COVID-19 Mortality over 10 months, medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253361 (Preprint)
Mar 2021   Source   PDF  
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Retrospective 19 European countries showing countries with mean vitamin D levels > 50nmol/L have a 2.2 times lower risk of mortality (p = 0.032) compared to those with mean levels < 50 nmol/L.
risk of death, 53.6% lower, RR 0.46, p = 0.03, inverted to make RR<1 favor high D levels, >50nmol/L.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ahmad et al., 12 Mar 2021, multiple countries, preprint, 4 authors.
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This PaperVitamin DAll
Population based mean Vitamin D levels in 19 European Countries & COVID-19 Mortality
Amar Ahmad, Christian Heumann, Raghib Ali, Tim Oliver
doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253361
Objectives: Reports early in the epidemic linking low mean national Vitamin D level with increased COVID-19 death, and until recently little research on the impact of Vitamin D deficiency on severity of COVID-19, led to this update of the initial report studying mortality up to the end of January 2021. Design and Setting: Coronavirus pandemic data for 19 European countries were
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