Rho-GTPases subfamily: cellular defectors orchestrating viral infection

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1186/s11658-025-00722-w", "ISSN": [ "1689-1392" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11658-025-00722-w", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Ras homolog gene family-guanosine triphosphatases (Rho-GTPases), key molecular switches regulating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular signaling, play a pivotal role in viral infections by modulating critical processes such as viral entry, replication, and release. This review elucidates the intricate mechanisms through which Rho-GTPases, via interactions with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and other signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), rat sarcoma (Ras), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways, facilitate viral pathogenesis. Specific viruses, such as influenza A virus (IAV), herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), exploit Rho-GTPase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization to enhance infectivity. For example, Rho-GTPases promote actin remodeling and membrane fusion, which are essential for viral entry and intracellular transport. Furthermore, Rho-GTPases modulate immune responses, often suppressing antiviral defenses to favor viral replication. Despite these insights, the molecular mechanisms underlying Rho-GTPase regulation during viral infections remain incompletely understood. Future research should focus on delineating the precise roles of Rho-GTPases in distinct viral life cycles, uncovering novel regulatory mechanisms, and developing targeted antiviral therapies that selectively inhibit Rho-GTPase signaling without compromising host cell functions. Such advancements could pave the way for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies, particularly against viruses that heavily rely on cytoskeletal manipulation for infection.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "722" ], "article-number": "55", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "31 October 2024" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "27 March 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "2 May 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "The authors declare no competing interest." } ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-5403", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Zhang", "given": "Beibei", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Li", "given": "Shuli", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ding", "given": "Juntao", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Guo", "given": "Jingxia", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ma", "given": "Zhenghai", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Duan", "given": "Hong", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Cellular &amp; Molecular Biology Letters", "container-title-short": "Cell Mol Biol Lett", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-02T15:24:43Z", "timestamp": 1746199483000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-02T16:03:48Z", "timestamp": 1746201828000 }, "funder": [ { "name": "Tianchi Talent Youth of Doctoral Talent Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region" }, { "award": [ "2022D01C697" ], "name": "Youth Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 3 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-03T04:09:08Z", "timestamp": 1746245348812, "version": "3.40.4" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-02T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1746144000000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ], "date-time": "2025-05-02T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1746144000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11658-025-00722-w.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s11658-025-00722-w/fulltext.html", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11658-025-00722-w.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1186", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 5, 2 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.3390/cells10071831", "author": "N Mosaddeghzadeh", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1831", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "Cells", "key": "722_CR1", "unstructured": "Mosaddeghzadeh N, Ahmadian MR. 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