In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1

Pochtovyi et al., Vaccines, doi:10.3390/vaccines11101533

Sep 2023

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In Vitro study showing sharply reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1 with monoclonal antibodies cilgavimab, tixagevimab, imdevimab, etsevimab, casirivimab, bamlanivimab, and regdanvimab. Only sotrovimab retained measurable, though reduced neutralizing activity.

Efficacy was retained for remdesivir, molnupiravir, and nirmatrelvir, however IC₅₀ values for remdesivir were ~3 times higher for XBB.1.* variants compared with B.1.1, BQ.1.1.45, CL.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.2.9, and the IC₅₀ for nirmatrelvir for XBB.2.9 was ~2 times higher compared with previous variants.

Gérard, Wu, Zhou show significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury with remdesivir.

1. Gérard et al., Remdesivir and Acute Renal Failure: A Potential Safety Signal From Disproportionality Analysis of the WHO Safety Database, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, doi:10.1002/cpt.2145.wiley.com, doi.org.

2. Wu et al., Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Remdesivir: A Comprehensive Pharmacovigilance Analysis of COVID-19 Reports in FAERS, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.692828.frontiersin.org, doi.org.

3. Zhou et al., Acute Kidney Injury and Drugs Prescribed for COVID-19 in Diabetes Patients: A Real-World Disproportionality Analysis, Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.833679.frontiersin.org, doi.org.

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Study covers paxlovid, remdesivir, tixagevimab/cilgavimab, casirivimab/imdevimab, bamlanivimab/etesevimab, regdanvimab, and sotrovimab.

Pochtovyi et al., 28 Sep 2023, peer-reviewed, 16 authors, study period September 2022 - May 2023. Contact: a.pochtovyy@gamaleya.org (corresponding author), kustovad70@gmail.com, wowaniada@yandex.ru.

In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.

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