Morokutti-Kurz: Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro

Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro

Morokutti-Kurz et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480 (In Vitro)

Morokutti-Kurz et al., Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro, PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480 (In Vitro)

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In Vitro study showing that SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by iota-carrageenan in a dose dependent manner and to the same extent as other respiratory viruses for which a clinical benefit has been proven. Authors note that clinical data and post market surveillance data show that iota-carrageenan is well-tolerated with very low reported adverse events.

9 In Vitro studies support the efficacy of iota-carrageenan [Alsaidi, Bansal, Bovard, Fröba, Meister, Morokutti-Kurz, Morokutti-Kurz (B), Song, Varese].

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1. Alsaidi et al., Marine Drugs, doi:10.3390/md19080418, Griffithsin and Carrageenan Combination Results in Antiviral Synergy against SARS-CoV-1 and 2 in a Pseudoviral Model, https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/8/418.

2. Bansal et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259943 (preprint 8/21/20), Iota-carrageenan and xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell culture, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/..le?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259943.

3. Bovard et al., Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101187, Iota-carrageenan extracted from red algae is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in reconstituted human airway epithelia, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580821002818.

4. Fröba et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms222413202, Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the Respective Variants of Concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13202.

5. Meister et al., Journal of Hospital Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.019, Virucidal activity of nasal sprays against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670121003832.

6. Morokutti-Kurz et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480, Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/..le?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237480.

7. Morokutti-Kurz (B) et al., International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S120665, Amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, hexylresorcinol, or carrageenan lozenges as active treatments for sore throat, https://www.dovepress.com/amylmeta..ageenan-peer-reviewed-article-IJGM.

8. Song et al., Food & Function, doi:10.1039/D0FO02017F, Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2, https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/fo/d0fo02017f.

9. Varese et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441512, Iota-carrageenan prevents the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on an in vitro respiratory epithelium model, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.27.441512v1.

Morokutti-Kurz et al., 17 Feb 2021, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.

In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.

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Abstract: PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro Martina Morokutti-Kurz1, Maria Fröba2, Philipp Graf1, Maximilian Große2, Andreas Grassauer1, Janina Auth2, Ulrich Schubert2, Eva Prieschl-Grassauer1* 1 Marinomed Biotech AG, Korneuburg, Austria, 2 Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany * eva.prieschl@marinomed.com a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Morokutti-Kurz M, Fröba M, Graf P, Große M, Grassauer A, Auth J, et al. (2021) Iotacarrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0237480. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0237480 Editor: Stephen J. Polyak, University of Washington, UNITED STATES Received: August 4, 2020 Accepted: November 24, 2020 Abstract In the absence of a vaccine and other effective prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant public health threat. Attachment and entry of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 is mainly mediated by the spike glycoprotein. Here, we show that iota-carrageenan can inhibit the cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus in a dose dependent manner. SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus particles were efficiently neutralized with an IC50 value of 2.6 μg/ml iota-carrageenan. Experiments with patient isolated wild type SARS-CoV-2 virus showed an inhibition of replication in a similar range. In vitro data on iotacarrageenan against various Rhino- and endemic Coronaviruses showed similar IC50 values and translated readily into clinical effectiveness when a nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan demonstrated a reduction of severity and duration of symptoms of common cold caused by various respiratory viruses. Accordingly, our in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus and replication competent SARS-CoV-2 suggest that administration of iota-carrageenan may be an effective and safe prophylaxis or treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Published: February 17, 2021 Copyright: © 2021 Morokutti-Kurz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work was co-funded by the Austrian Science Promotion Agency (FFG) project number 880687 (https://www.ffg.at). Marinomed Biotech AG (www.marinomed.com) provided support in form of salaries for all authors employed by Marinomed Biotech AG. Marinomed Biotech AG had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, preparation of the

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