Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro
In Vitro study showing that SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by iota-carrageenan in a dose dependent manner and to the same extent as other respiratory viruses for which a clinical benefit has been proven. Authors note that clinical data and post market surveillance data show that iota-carrageenan is well-tolerated with very low reported adverse events.
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In Vitro studies support the efficacy of iota-carrageenan
[Alsaidi, Bansal, Bovard, Fröba, Meister, Morokutti-Kurz, Morokutti-Kurz (B), Song, Varese].
Morokutti-Kurz et al., 17 Feb 2021, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Abstract: PLOS ONE
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and
inhibits viral replication in vitro
Martina Morokutti-Kurz1, Maria Fröba2, Philipp Graf1, Maximilian Große2,
Andreas Grassauer1, Janina Auth2, Ulrich Schubert2, Eva Prieschl-Grassauer1*
1 Marinomed Biotech AG, Korneuburg, Austria, 2 Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
* eva.prieschl@marinomed.com
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OPEN ACCESS
Citation: Morokutti-Kurz M, Fröba M, Graf P,
Große M, Grassauer A, Auth J, et al. (2021) Iotacarrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits
viral replication in vitro. PLoS ONE 16(2):
e0237480. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0237480
Editor: Stephen J. Polyak, University of
Washington, UNITED STATES
Received: August 4, 2020
Accepted: November 24, 2020
Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine and other effective prophylactic or therapeutic countermeasures
the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant public health threat. Attachment and entry of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2
is mainly mediated by the spike glycoprotein. Here, we show that iota-carrageenan can
inhibit the cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus in a dose dependent
manner. SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus particles were efficiently neutralized
with an IC50 value of 2.6 μg/ml iota-carrageenan. Experiments with patient isolated wild type
SARS-CoV-2 virus showed an inhibition of replication in a similar range. In vitro data on iotacarrageenan against various Rhino- and endemic Coronaviruses showed similar IC50 values and translated readily into clinical effectiveness when a nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan demonstrated a reduction of severity and duration of symptoms of common cold
caused by various respiratory viruses. Accordingly, our in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2 spike
pseudotyped lentivirus and replication competent SARS-CoV-2 suggest that administration
of iota-carrageenan may be an effective and safe prophylaxis or treatment for SARS-CoV-2
infections.
Published: February 17, 2021
Copyright: © 2021 Morokutti-Kurz et al. This is an
open access article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original
author and source are credited.
Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are
within the manuscript and its Supporting
Information files.
Funding: This work was co-funded by the Austrian
Science Promotion Agency (FFG) project number
880687 (https://www.ffg.at). Marinomed Biotech
AG (www.marinomed.com) provided support in
form of salaries for all authors employed by
Marinomed Biotech AG. Marinomed Biotech AG
had a role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, preparation of the
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