Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents are associated with coronavirus disease-2019 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1097/md.0000000000040245", "ISSN": [ "1536-5964" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000040245", "abstract": "<jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>To explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity in children and adolescents, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for comprehensive cohort and case–control studies on the association between childhood vitamin D deficiency and the risk and prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The search period was set from December 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The vitamin D insufficiency rate in children with COVID-19 was 80.78% (95% CI, 62.6% to 93.89%), with a deficiency rate of 32% (95% CI: 19.01% to 46.61%). Vitamin D insufficiency was more common in children with COVID-19 than in healthy children (OR, 4.86; 95% CI: 2.56–9.26). The incidence of severe illness was higher (OR, 4.73; 95% CI: 1.39–16.11) whereas that of asymptomatic illness was lower (OR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.38–0.81) in children with COVID-19 who had vitamin D insufficiency than in those who did not.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Vitamin D insufficiency in children may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. Further research is required to confirm the optimal Vitamin D dose to prevent insufficiency in various sections of the population.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "author": [ { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7775-3308", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Nanning, 530003, China." } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Wang", "given": "Ji-Gan", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Nanning, 530003, China." } ], "family": "Dou", "given": "Hui-Hong", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Nanning, 530003, China." } ], "family": "Liang", "given": "Qiong-You", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Medicine", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": true, "domain": [ "lww.com", "ovid.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-04T21:02:42Z", "timestamp": 1730754162000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-04T21:02:50Z", "timestamp": 1730754170000 }, "funder": [ { "award": [ "Z20210123" ], "name": "Self-Funded Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Commission" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-05T05:16:03Z", "timestamp": 1730783763792, "version": "3.28.0" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "44", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "44", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "unspecified", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1730419200000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000040245", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "276", "original-title": [], "page": "e40245", "prefix": "10.1097", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 11, 1 ] ] }, "publisher": "Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.27688", "article-title": "Characterization of the significant decline in humoral immune response six months post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: a systematic review.", "author": "Notarte", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2939", "journal-title": "J Med Virol", "key": "R1-20241104", "volume": "94", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": 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