Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored through Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Study
María Elena Soto, Israel Pérez-Torres, Linaloe Manzano-Pech, Adrían Palacios-Chavarría, Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez, Verónica Guarner-Lans, Elizabeth Soria-Castro, Eulises Díaz-Díaz, Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms25084543
Type II pneumocytes are the target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for the redox homeostasis alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO 2 -), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and thiol groups in serum. We also studied the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) and peroxidases. There were significant increases in LPO and carbonyl quantities (p ≤ 0.03) and decreases in TAC and the quantities of NO 2 -, thiols, and GSH (p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR, and peroxidases were decreased (p ≤ 0.04) after the MT treatment. The treatment with MT favored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes that contributed to an increase in TAC and restored the lost redox homeostasis. MT also modulated glucose homeostasis, functioning as a glycolytic agent, and inhibited the Warburg effect. Thus, MT restores the redox homeostasis that is altered in COVID-19 patients and can be used as adjuvant therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Institutional Review Board Statement: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved with ethical approval from the local ethics committee on 19 August 2020 (Control-9867/2020, register REG. CONBIOETICA-09 CEI-011-20160627). A written informed consent form for enrollment or consent to use patient data was obtained from each patient or their legal surrogate.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>Type II pneumocytes are the target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which alters their redox '
'homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant '
'proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. In this study, we evaluated whether '
'treatment with MT compensated for the redox homeostasis alteration in serum from COVID-19 '
'patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), '
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'thiol groups in serum. We also studied the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase '
'(GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), '
'extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) and peroxidases. There were significant increases '
'in LPO and carbonyl quantities (p ≤ 0.03) and decreases in TAC and the quantities of NO2−, '
'thiols, and GSH (p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients. The activities of the antioxidant '
'enzymes such as ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR, and peroxidases were decreased (p ≤ 0.04) after '
'the MT treatment. The treatment with MT favored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes that '
'contributed to an increase in TAC and restored the lost redox homeostasis. MT also modulated '
'glucose homeostasis, functioning as a glycolytic agent, and inhibited the Warburg effect. '
'Thus, MT restores the redox homeostasis that is altered in COVID-19 patients and can be used '
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'volume': '51',
'author': 'Erel',
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