In vivo evaluation of Andrographis paniculata and Boesenbergia rotunda extract activity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Golden Syrian hamsters: Potential herbal alternative for COVID-19 treatment
Supasek Kongsomros, Tussapon Boonyarattanasoonthorn, Wallaya Phongphaew, Chaiyan Kasorndorkbua, Piyanate Sunyakumthorn, Rawiwan Im-Erbsin, Luis A Lugo-Roman, Teetat Kongratanapasert, Jiraporn Paha, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Pakakrong Kwankhao, Kittitach Supannapan, Nittaya Ngamkhae, Nitipol Srimongkolpithak, Pornpun Vivithanaporn, Suradej Hongeng, Arunee Thitithanyanont, Phisit Khemawoot
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.05.004
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered extensive research, mainly focused on identifying effective therapeutic agents, specifically those targeting highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antiviral efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of herbal extracts derived from Andrographis paniculata and Boesenbergia rotunda, using a Golden Syrian hamster model infected with Delta, a representative variant associated with severe COVID-19. Hamsters were intranasally inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and orally administered either vehicle control, B. rotunda, or A. paniculata extract at a dosage of 1000 mg/kg/day. Euthanasia was conducted on days 1, 3, and 7 post-inoculation, with 4 animals per group. The results demonstrated that oral administration of A. paniculata extract significantly alleviated both lethality and infection severity compared with the vehicle control and B. rotunda extract. However, neither extract exhibited direct antiviral activity in terms of reducing viral load in the lungs. Nonetheless, A. paniculata extract treatment significantly reduced IL-6 protein levels in the lung tissue (7278 ± 868.4 pg/g tissue) compared to the control (12,495 ± 1118 pg/g tissue), indicating there was a decrease in local inflammation. This finding is evidenced by the ability of A. paniculata extract to reduce histological lesions in the lungs of infected hamsters. Furthermore, both extracts significantly decreased IL-6 and IP-10 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected hamsters compared to the control group, suggesting systemic anti-inflammatory effects occurred. In conclusion, A. paniculata extract's potential therapeutic application for SARS-CoV-2 arises from its observed capacity to lessen inflammatory cytokine concentrations and mitigate lung pathology.
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.05.004 .
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