Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Abstract
All andrographolide studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchAndrographolideAndrographol.. (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric oxide production

Siridechakorn et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y
Nov 2023  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
In Vitro study analyzing the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts and fractions from Andrographis paniculata, against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and influenza A virus H3N2 as surrogates for COVID-19. The results showed that certain A. paniculata extracts, particularly the andrographolide-rich fractions, could directly inactivate both viruses and inhibit their replication in infected cells. Interestingly, one andrographolide-free fraction also displayed potent antiviral effects against both viruses. Additionally, specific extracts inhibited nitric oxide production, highlighting their anti-inflammatory potential. The antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated in this study suggest that further exploration of A. paniculata extracts as potential treatments for COVID-19 may be warranted.
21 preclinical studies support the efficacy of andrographolide for COVID-19:
Siridechakorn et al., 13 Nov 2023, Thailand, peer-reviewed, 9 authors. Contact: bhparvapan@gmail.com, netiw@nu.ac.th.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
This PaperAndrographol..All
Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric oxide production
Ittipon Siridechakorn, Parvapan Bhattarakosol, Thanayod Sasivimolrattana, Sasiprapa Anoma, Eakkaluk Wongwad, Nitra Nuengchamnong, Ekasit Kowitdamrong, Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn, Neti Waranuch
Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees is a medicinal plant previously reported with broad-spectrum antivirals but the mode of inhibition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the most active fraction from A. paniculata ethanol extract (APE, APE-2A, APE-2B and APE-2C) and dry powder extract (APSP) against influenza A (H3N2), representing RNA viruses, and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), representing DNA viruses. The results showed that the fractions APSP, APE, APE-2B, and APE-2C directly neutralized the HSV-1 and influenza A (H3N2) when incubated at room temperature for 60 min before infecting the cells. The results also showed that the additional APE-2A fraction also directly neutralized the influenza A (H3N2), but not the HSV-1. The APE, APE-2B and APE-2C inhibited the HSV-1 by more than 0.5 log when the fractions were introduced after infection. Similarly, the APSP and APE inhibited the influenza A (H3N2) more than 0.5 log after infection. Only 50 μg/mL APE-2C inhibited the viruses greater than 0.5 log. In addition, A. paniculata extracts were also evaluated for their interfering capacities against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As well, APE-2C potently inhibited NO production at the IC 50 of 6.08 μg/ mL. HPLC and LC-MS analysis indicated that the most actively antiviral fractions did not contain any andrographolide derivatives, whereas the andrographolide-rich fractions showed moderate activity. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees, commonly known in Thailand as "Fah Thalai Jone" belongs to the Acanthaceae family and is found throughout tropical and subtropical Asia and Southeast Asia 1 . A. paniculata extracts exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as immunostimulatory 1,2 , antiviral 3,4 , and antibacterial activities 5 . A. paniculata extracts contain several constituents with a high content of andrographolide. The extract has broad-spectrum antiviral properties including the possibility of in vitro and in vivo anti-HIV 6 , as well as in vitro anti-dengue virus and chikungunya virus activity 7 . A. paniculata extracts are effective against the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that causes herpes 8 as well as reduced the inflammation caused by influenza viruses 9,10 . In addition, these extracts have also been reported to inhibit the division of influenza viruses 11 , hepatitis C virus 12 , and anti-viral mutations that cause resistance to such antiretroviral drugs 13 . The anti-inflammatory 14 and anti-allergic activities 15 of A. paniculata have been attributed to andrographolide, which is the major active compound 16,17 . Because of the COVID-19 pandemic that first arose in December 2019, this virus poses a serious risk to patients. The key mechanism for the manifestation of this disease is the inflammation process, which was the focus of this research which investigated the antiviral efficacy and anti-inflammation of A. paniculata extract. As..
Author contributions Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
References
Abu-Ghefreh, Canatan, Ezeamuzie, In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of andrographolide, Int. Immunopharmacol, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.002
Aromdee, Suebsasana, Ekalaksananan, Pientong, Thongchai, Stage of action of naturally occurring andrographolides and their semisynthetic analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro, Planta Med, doi:10.1055/s-0030-1250659
Cai, 14-Deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide exerts anti-influenza A virus activity and inhibits replication of H5N1 virus by restraining nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes, Antivir. Res, doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.008
Cai, 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and protects mice lethally challenged with highly pathogenic A(H5N1) influenza viruses, Antivir. Res, doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.020
Calabrese, A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive patients and normal volunteers, Phytother. Res, doi:10.1002/1099-1573(200008)14:5%3c333::aid-ptr584%3e3.0.co;2-d
Chanchal-Garg, Saurabh, Munish, Stability indicating studies of Andrographis paniculata extract by validate HPTLC protocol, J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem
Chandramohan, Kaphle, Chekuri, Gangarudraiah, Siddaiah, Evaluating andrographolide as a potent inhibitor of NS3-4A protease and its drug-resistant mutants using in silico approaches, Adv. Virol, doi:10.1155/2015/972067
Chen, Activity of andrographolide and its derivatives against influenza virus in vivo and in vitro, Biol. Pharm. Bull, doi:10.1248/bpb.32.1385
Ding, Andrographolide inhibits influenza A virus-induced inflammation in a murine model through NF-kappa B and JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Microbes Infect, doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.009
Feng, Wang, Ma, Li, Zhao, A potential in vitro and in vivo anti-HIV drug screening system for Chinese herbal medicines, Phytother. Res, doi:10.1002/ptr.3658
Jadhav, Karuppayil, Andrographis Paniculata (burm, Wall ex Nees: Antiviral properties, Phytother. Res, doi:10.1002/ptr.7145
Jain, Antiviral activity of ethanolic extract of Nilavembu kudineer against dengue and chikungunya virus through in vitro evaluation, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med, doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2018.05.006
Jang, Anti-inflammatory activity of eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids from salvia plebeia, J. Nat. Prod, doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00326
Kumar, Sridevi, Kumar, Nanduri, Rajagopal, Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata, J. Ethnopharmacol, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.004
Lee, Andrographolide exerts anti-hepatitis C virus activity by up-regulating haeme oxygenase-1 via the p38 MAPK/ Nrf2 pathway in human hepatoma cells, Br. J. Pharmacol, doi:10.1111/bph.12440
Madav, Tandan, Dinesh-Kumar, Anti-allergic activity of andrographolide, Indian J. Pharm. Sci
Madav, Tandan, Lal, Tripathi, Anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide, Fitoterapia
Rajagopal, Kumar, Deevi, Satyanarayana, Rajagopalan et al., a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata, J. Exp. Ther. Oncol, doi:10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01090.x
Sarigaputi, Sommit, Teerawatananond, Pudhom, Weakly Anti-inflammatory Limonoids from the Seeds of Xylocarpus rumphii, Scientific Reports, doi:10.1021/np5003687
Seubsasana, Pientong, Ekalaksananan, Thongchai, Aromdee, A potential andrographolide analogue against the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vero cells, Med. Chem, doi:10.2174/157340611795564268
Sheeja, Kuttan, Effect of andrographis paniculata as an adjuvant in combined chemo-radio and whole body hyperthermia treatment-a preliminary study, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol, doi:10.1080/08923970701692916
Singha, Roy, Dey, Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata, Fitoterapia, doi:10.1016/s0367-326X(03)00159-X
{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-11-14T00:33:37Z', 'timestamp': 1699922017998}, 'reference-count': 22, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-11-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1699833600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-11-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1699833600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100005076', 'name': 'Agricultural Research Development Agency', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['CRP6405032190']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/100015396', 'name': 'Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['TC-A 16/63']}, { 'name': 'Ratchadapiseksompotch endowment funds, Faculty of Medicine', 'award': ['RA-MF-20/64']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100014795', 'name': 'Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic> ' '(Burm. F.) Nees is a medicinal plant previously reported with broad-spectrum antivirals but ' 'the mode of inhibition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to identify the most ' 'active fraction from <jats:italic>A. paniculata</jats:italic> ethanol extract (APE, APE-2A, ' 'APE-2B and APE-2C) and dry powder extract (APSP) against influenza A (H3N2), representing RNA ' 'viruses, and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), representing DNA viruses. The results showed ' 'that the fractions APSP, APE, APE-2B, and APE-2C directly neutralized the HSV-1 and influenza ' 'A (H3N2) when incubated at room temperature for 60\xa0min before infecting the cells. The ' 'results also showed that the additional APE-2A fraction also directly neutralized the ' 'influenza A (H3N2), but not the HSV-1. The APE, APE-2B and APE-2C inhibited the HSV-1 by more ' 'than 0.5 log when the fractions were introduced after infection. Similarly, the APSP and APE ' 'inhibited the influenza A (H3N2) more than 0.5 log after infection. Only 50\xa0μg/mL APE-2C ' 'inhibited the viruses greater than 0.5 log. In addition, A. ' '<jats:italic>paniculata</jats:italic> extracts were also evaluated for their interfering ' 'capacities against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As ' 'well, APE-2C potently inhibited NO production at the IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> of 6.08\xa0' 'μg/mL. HPLC and LC–MS analysis indicated that the most actively antiviral fractions did not ' 'contain any andrographolide derivatives, whereas the andrographolide-rich fractions showed ' 'moderate activity.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-11-13T10:01:54Z', 'timestamp': 1699869714000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Inhibitory efficiency of Andrographis paniculata extract on viral multiplication and nitric ' 'oxide production', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '13', 'author': [ {'given': 'Ittipon', 'family': 'Siridechakorn', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Parvapan', 'family': 'Bhattarakosol', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Thanayod', 'family': 'Sasivimolrattana', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sasiprapa', 'family': 'Anoma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eakkaluk', 'family': 'Wongwad', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nitra', 'family': 'Nuengchamnong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ekasit', 'family': 'Kowitdamrong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Siwaporn', 'family': 'Boonyasuppayakorn', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Neti', 'family': 'Waranuch', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '46249_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '291', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.004', 'volume': '92', 'author': 'RA Kumar', 'year': '2004', 'unstructured': 'Kumar, R. A., Sridevi, K., Kumar, N. V., Nanduri, S. & Rajagopal, S. ' 'Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata. ' 'J. Ethnopharmacol. 92, 291–295. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.004 (2004).', 'journal-title': 'J. Ethnopharmacol.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '147', 'DOI': '10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01090.x', 'volume': '3', 'author': 'S Rajagopal', 'year': '2003', 'unstructured': 'Rajagopal, S., Kumar, R. A., Deevi, D. S., Satyanarayana, C. & ' 'Rajagopalan, R. Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent ' 'isolated from Andrographis paniculata. J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 3, 147–158. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1359-4117.2003.01090.x (2003).', 'journal-title': 'J. Exp. Ther. Oncol.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '333', 'DOI': '10.1002/1099-1573(200008)14:5<333::aid-ptr584>3.0.co;2-d', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'C Calabrese', 'year': '2000', 'unstructured': 'Calabrese, C. et al. A phase I trial of andrographolide in HIV positive ' 'patients and normal volunteers. Phytother. Res. 14, 333–338. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200008)14:5%3c333::aid-ptr584%3e3.0.co;2-d ' '(2000).', 'journal-title': 'Phytother. Res.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR4', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5365', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.7145', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'AK Jadhav', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Jadhav, A. K. & Karuppayil, S. M. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Wall ' 'ex Nees: Antiviral properties. Phytother. Res. 35, 5365–5373. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7145 (2021).', 'journal-title': 'Phytother. Res.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '692', 'DOI': '10.1016/s0367-326X(03)00159-X', 'volume': '74', 'author': 'PK Singha', 'year': '2003', 'unstructured': 'Singha, P. K., Roy, S. & Dey, S. Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis ' 'paniculata. Fitoterapia 74, 692–694. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326X(03)00159-X (2003).', 'journal-title': 'Fitoterapia'}, { 'key': '46249_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '899', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.3658', 'volume': '26', 'author': 'L Feng', 'year': '2012', 'unstructured': 'Feng, L., Wang, L., Ma, Y. Y., Li, M. & Zhao, G. Q. A potential in vitro ' 'and in vivo anti-HIV drug screening system for Chinese herbal medicines. ' 'Phytother. Res. 26, 899–907. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3658 (2012).', 'journal-title': 'Phytother. Res.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '329', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jaim.2018.05.006', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'J Jain', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Jain, J. et al. Antiviral activity of ethanolic extract of Nilavembu ' 'kudineer against dengue and chikungunya virus through in vitro ' 'evaluation. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 11, 329–335. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2018.05.006 (2020).', 'journal-title': 'J. Ayurveda Integr. Med.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '915', 'DOI': '10.1055/s-0030-1250659', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'C Aromdee', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Aromdee, C., Suebsasana, S., Ekalaksananan, T., Pientong, C. & ' 'Thongchai, S. Stage of action of naturally occurring andrographolides ' 'and their semisynthetic analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in ' 'vitro. Planta Med. 77, 915–921. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250659 ' '(2011).', 'journal-title': 'Planta Med.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '95', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.020', 'volume': '133', 'author': 'WT Cai', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Cai, W. T. et al. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide attenuates ' 'excessive inflammatory responses and protects mice lethally challenged ' 'with highly pathogenic A(H5N1) influenza viruses. Antivir. Res. 133, ' '95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.020 (2016).', 'journal-title': 'Antivir. Res.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '605', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.009', 'volume': '19', 'author': 'Y Ding', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Ding, Y. et al. Andrographolide inhibits influenza A virus-induced ' 'inflammation in a murine model through NF-kappa B and JAK-STAT signaling ' 'pathway. Microbes Infect. 19, 605–615. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.009 (2017).', 'journal-title': 'Microbes Infect.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '82', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.008', 'volume': '118', 'author': 'WT Cai', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Cai, W. T. et al. 14-Deoxy-11,12-dehydroandrographolide exerts ' 'anti-influenza A virus activity and inhibits replication of H5N1 virus ' 'by restraining nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. ' 'Antivir. Res. 118, 82–92. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.008 (2015).', 'journal-title': 'Antivir. Res.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '237', 'DOI': '10.1111/bph.12440', 'volume': '171', 'author': 'JC Lee', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Lee, J. C. et al. Andrographolide exerts anti-hepatitis C virus activity ' 'by up-regulating haeme oxygenase-1 via the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in ' 'human hepatoma cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 171, 237–252. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12440 (2014).', 'journal-title': 'Br. J. Pharmacol.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'V Chandramohan', 'year': '2015', 'unstructured': 'Chandramohan, V., Kaphle, A., Chekuri, M., Gangarudraiah, S. & Siddaiah, ' 'G. B. Evaluating andrographolide as a potent inhibitor of NS3–4A ' 'protease and its drug-resistant mutants using in silico approaches. Adv. ' 'Virol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/972067 (2015).', 'journal-title': 'Adv. Virol.', 'DOI': '10.1155/2015/972067'}, { 'key': '46249_CR14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '181', 'DOI': '10.1080/08923970701692916', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'K Sheeja', 'year': '2008', 'unstructured': 'Sheeja, K. & Kuttan, G. Effect of andrographis paniculata as an adjuvant ' 'in combined chemo-radio and whole body hyperthermia treatment—a ' 'preliminary study. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 30, 181–194. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08923970701692916 (2008).', 'journal-title': 'Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR15', 'first-page': '176', 'volume': '60', 'author': 'HCT Madav', 'year': '1998', 'unstructured': 'Madav, H. C. T., Tandan, S. K. & Dinesh-Kumar, J. L. A. Anti-allergic ' 'activity of andrographolide. Indian J. Pharm. Sci 60, 176–718 (1998).', 'journal-title': 'Indian J. Pharm. Sci'}, { 'key': '46249_CR16', 'first-page': '452', 'volume': '67', 'author': 'S Madav', 'year': '1996', 'unstructured': 'Madav, S., Tandan, S. K., Lal, J. M. & Tripathi, H. C. Anti-inflammatory ' 'activity of andrographolide. Fitoterapia 67, 452–458 (1996).', 'journal-title': 'Fitoterapia'}, { 'key': '46249_CR17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '313', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.002', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'AAA Abu-Ghefreh', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Abu-Ghefreh, A. A. A., Canatan, H. & Ezeamuzie, C. I. In vitro and in ' 'vivo anti-inflammatory effects of andrographolide. Int. Immunopharmacol. ' '9, 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.002 (2009).', 'journal-title': 'Int. Immunopharmacol.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2666', 'DOI': '10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00326', 'volume': '80', 'author': 'H-J Jang', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Jang, H.-J. et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of eudesmane-type ' 'sesquiterpenoids from salvia plebeia. J. Nat. Prod. 80, 2666–2676. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00326 (2017).', 'journal-title': 'J. Nat. Prod.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR19', 'first-page': '337', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'PS Chanchal-Garg', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Chanchal-Garg, P. S., Saurabh, S. & Munish, G. Stability indicating ' 'studies of Andrographis paniculata extract by validate HPTLC protocol. ' 'J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 5, 337–344 (2016).', 'journal-title': 'J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1385', 'DOI': '10.1248/bpb.32.1385', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'J-X Chen', 'year': '2009', 'unstructured': 'Chen, J.-X. et al. Activity of andrographolide and its derivatives ' 'against influenza virus in vivo and in vitro. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32, ' '1385–1391. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.32.1385 (2009).', 'journal-title': 'Biol. Pharm. Bull.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '237', 'DOI': '10.2174/157340611795564268', 'volume': '7', 'author': 'S Seubsasana', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Seubsasana, S., Pientong, C., Ekalaksananan, T., Thongchai, S. & ' 'Aromdee, C. A potential andrographolide analogue against the replication ' 'of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vero cells. Med. Chem. 7, 237–244. ' 'https://doi.org/10.2174/157340611795564268 (2011).', 'journal-title': 'Med. Chem.'}, { 'key': '46249_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2037', 'DOI': '10.1021/np5003687', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'C Sarigaputi', 'year': '2014', 'unstructured': 'Sarigaputi, C., Sommit, D., Teerawatananond, T. & Pudhom, K. Weakly ' 'Anti-inflammatory Limonoids from the Seeds of Xylocarpus rumphii. J. ' 'Nat. Prod. 77, 2037–2043. https://doi.org/10.1021/np5003687 (2014).', 'journal-title': 'J. Nat. Prod.'}], 'container-title': 'Scientific Reports', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46249-y.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46249-y', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46249-y.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-11-13T11:05:20Z', 'timestamp': 1699873520000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46249-y'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]]}, 'references-count': 22, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['46249'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46249-y', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2045-2322'], 'subject': ['Multidisciplinary'], 'container-title-short': 'Sci Rep', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 13]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '25 October 2022', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '30 October 2023', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '13 November 2023', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': 'The authors declare no competing interests.', 'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '19738'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit