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In Silico Prediction of Andrographolide Dosage Regimens for COVID-19 Treatment

Saeheng et al., The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, doi:10.1142/S0192415X22500732
Jan 2022  
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In Silico study showing potential benefits of andrographolide for COVID-19 treatment and optimal dosage regimens predicted by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling. Authors find that oral crude extract formulation of andrographolide is recommended for patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 at a loading dose of 120mg given for three doses, followed by 60mg every 8 hours for 4 consecutive days. Intravenous formulation is recommended for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at a dose of 500mg given by IV infusion at a rate of 25mg/h every 24 hours for 14 days. Authors suggest that andrographolide should be started within 10 days after infection.
16 preclinical studies support the efficacy of andrographolide for COVID-19:
Saeheng et al., 31 Jan 2022, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
This PaperAndrographol..All
In Silico Prediction of Andrographolide Dosage Regimens for COVID-19 Treatment
Teerachat Saeheng, Juntra Karbwang, Kesara Na-Bangchang
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, doi:10.1142/s0192415x22500732
Andrographolide (APE) has been used for COVID-19 treatment in various clinical settings in South-East Asia due to its benefits on reduction of viral clearance and prevention of disease progression. However, the limitation of APE clinical use is the high incidence of adverse events. The objective of this study was to find the optimal dosage regimens of APE for COVID-19 treatment. The whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were constructed using data from the published articles and validated against clinical observations. The inhibitory effect of APE was determined for the potency of drug efficacy. For prevention of pneumonia, multiple oral doses such as 120 mg for three doses, followed by 60 mg three times daily for 4 consecutive days, or 200 mg intravenous infusion at the rate of 20 mg/h once daily is advised in patients with mild COVID-19. For prevention of pneumonia and reduction of viral clearance time, the recommended dosage regimen is 500 mg intravenous infusion at the rate of 25 mg/h once daily in patients with mild-tomoderate COVID-19. One hundred virtual populations (50 males and 50 females) were simulated for oral and intravenous infusion formulations of APE. The eligible PBPK/PD models successfully predicted optimal dosage regimens and formulations of APE for prevention of disease progression and/or reduction of viral clearance time. Additionally, APE should be co-administered with other antiviral drugs to enhance therapeutic efficacy for COVID-19 treatment.
Cholangiocarcinoma (No. 1/2556 , dated 12 October 2013 ), and the National Research Council of Thailand (No. 45/2561 , dated 10 September 2018) . K.N. was supported by the National Research Council of Thailand under the Research Team Promotion grant (grant number NRCT 820/2563, dated 12 November 2020). Supplementary Information
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