Effect of any form of steroids in comparison with that of other medications on the duration of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized trials and quasi-experimental studies

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 2, 7]], 'date-time': '2024-02-07T10:21:21Z', 'timestamp': 1707301281145}, 'reference-count': 60, 'publisher': 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 'issue': '8', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 2]], 'date-time': '2023-08-02T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1690934400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['www.plosone.org'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec id="sec001">\n' '<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>The life quality of about two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 is affected by related ' 'olfactory dysfunctions. The negative impact of olfactory dysfunction ranged from the ' 'decreased pleasure of eating to impaired quality of life. This research aimed to provide a ' 'comprehensive understanding of the effects of corticosteroid treatments by comparing that to ' 'other currently available treatments and interventions.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec002">\n' '<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) ' 'checklist’s 27-point checklist was used to conduct this review. PubMed (Public/Publisher ' 'MEDLINE), PubMed Central and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) databases were conveniently ' 'selected and Boolean search commands were used for a comprehensive literature search. Five ' 'core search terms were "effects of treatments", " COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction", ' '"corticosteroids", "treatments" and "interventions". The reporting qualities of the included ' 'studies were appraised using JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) appraisal tools. The ' 'characteristics of the 21 experimental studies with a total sample (of 130,550) were ' 'aggregated using frequencies and percentages and presented descriptively. The main ' 'interventions and their effects on the duration of the COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction ' 'were narratively analyzed.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec003">\n' '<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>Among patients with COVID-19, the normal functions of the olfactory lobe were about ' '23 days earlier to gain with the treatments of fluticasone and triamcinolone acetonide nasal ' 'spray compared with that of mometasone furoate nasal spray and oral corticosteroid. The smell ' 'loss duration was reduced by fluticasone and triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray 9 days ' 'earlier than the inflawell syrup and 16 days earlier than the lavender syrup. The nasal spray ' 'of corticosteroids ended the COVID-19-related smell loss symptoms 2 days earlier than the ' 'zinc supplementation, about 47 days earlier than carbamazepine treatment and was more ' 'effective than palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and luteolin and omega-3 supplementations and ' 'olfactory training. Treatment with oral corticosteroid plus olfactory training significantly ' 'improved Threshold, Discrimination and Identification (TDI) scores compared with olfactory ' 'training alone. A full dose of the COVID-19 vaccination was not uncertain to reduce the ' 'COVID-19-related smell loss duration.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>\n' '<jats:sec id="sec004">\n' '<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n' '<jats:p>Corticosteroid treatment is effective in reducing the duration of COVID-19-related ' 'smell loss and olfactory training, the basic, essential and effective intervention, should be ' 'used as a combination therapy.</jats:p>\n' '</jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0288285', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 2]], 'date-time': '2023-08-02T17:25:39Z', 'timestamp': 1690997139000}, 'page': 'e0288285', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.corrections_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': 'Effect of any form of steroids in comparison with that of other medications on the duration of ' 'olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized trials and ' 'quasi-experimental studies', 'prefix': '10.1371', 'volume': '18', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-3431', 'authenticated-orcid': True, 'given': 'Phyo Zin', 'family': 'Winn', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Thein', 'family': 'Hlaing', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Kyaw Myo', 'family': 'Tun', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Seim Lei', 'family': 'Lei', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '340', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 2]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'pone.0288285.ref001', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3544', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijms21103544', 'article-title': 'The role of lipid metabolism in Covid-19 virus infection and as a drug ' 'target', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'M Abu.Farha', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int. 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