Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19
Jan Alexander, Alexey Tinkov, Tor A Strand, Urban Alehagen, Anatoly Skalny, Jan Aaseth
Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu12082358
Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
Author Contributions: J.A. (Jan Aaseth) and J.A. (Jan Alexander) searched the literature and prepared the first draft. All authors contributed equally to writing additional text, review and editing of the manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest: One of the authors (U.A.) received support from Pharma Nord ApS, Denmark for a previous study. Authors J.A. (Jan Alexander), A.T., T.A.S., A.S., and J.A. (Jan Aaseth) declare no conflicts of interests. Author Contributions: J.A. (Jan Aaseth) and J.A. (Jan Alexander) searched the literature and prepared the first draft. All authors contributed equally to writing additional text, review and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest: One of the authors (U.A.) received support from Pharma Nord ApS, Denmark for a previous study. Authors J.A. (Jan Alexander), A.T., T.A.S., A.S., and J.A. (Jan Aaseth) declare no conflicts of interests.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat '
'globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A '
'common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade '
'inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which '
'micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the '
'usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, '
'to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles '
'published in the period 2010–2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related '
'virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations '
'between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and '
'vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced '
'inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status '
'might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - '
'coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of '
'adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection '
'with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this '
'nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and '
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