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15 budesonide COVID-19 controlled studies, 6 RCTs
49% improvement
for early treatment, RR
0.51
[0.04-7.17]
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
STOIC
Ramakrish.. (RCT)
82%
0.18 [0.04-0.79]
hosp./ER
2/73
11/73
Improvement, RR [CI]
Treatment
Control
STOIC
Ramakrish.. (RCT)
90%
0.10 [0.01-0.75]
hosp./ER
1/70
10/69
STOIC
Ramakrish.. (RCT)
67%
0.33 [0.15-0.72]
no recov.
7/70
21/69
TOGETHER
Reis (DB RCT)
-200%
3.00 [0.12-73.5]
death
1/738
0/738
CT1
TOGETHER
Reis (DB RCT)
12%
0.88 [0.32-2.40]
hosp.
7/738
8/738
CT1
TOGETHER
Reis (DB RCT)
50%
0.50 [0.25-0.92]
progression
13/738
27/738
CT1
Ramlall (ICU)
71%
0.29 [0.11-0.78]
death
33 (n)
915 (n)
Intubated patients
PRINCIPLE
Yu (RCT)
39%
0.61 [0.22-1.67]
death
6/787
10/799
PRINCIPLE
Yu (RCT)
6%
0.94 [0.44-1.98]
ventilation
13/776
14/784
PRINCIPLE
Yu (RCT)
52%
0.48 [0.23-1.01]
ICU
10/771
21/779
PRINCIPLE
Yu (RCT)
25%
0.75 [0.55-1.03]
death/hosp.
72/787
116/1,069
PRINCIPLE
Yu (RCT)
17%
0.83 [0.74-0.93]
recov. time
787 (n)
1,069 (n)
Al Sulaiman (ICU)
32%
0.68 [0.41-1.13]
death
30/64
31/64
ICU patients MP 80%2
Al Sulaiman (ICU)
47%
0.53 [0.31-0.93]
death
25/65
29/65
ICU patients MP 80%2
Alsultan (RCT)
-7%
1.07 [0.42-2.71]
death
5/14
7/21
TACTIC
Agustí (RCT)
-23%
1.23 [0.08-19.0]
death
1/40
1/49
TACTIC
Agustí (RCT)
39%
0.61 [0.12-3.17]
progression
2/40
4/49
Bhandari
67%
0.33 [0.01-8.02]
death
0/60
1/60
Bhandari
33%
0.67 [0.49-0.90]
oxygen time
60 (n)
60 (n)
Bhandari
26%
0.74 [0.57-0.96]
hosp. time
60 (n)
60 (n)
Bhandari
37%
0.63 [0.48-0.84]
recov. time
60 (n)
60 (n)
Yang
-11%
1.11 [0.62-1.97]
death
30/125
13/60
Samajdar
58%
0.42 [0.08-2.05]
death
2/50
5/52
CT1
Samajdar
65%
0.35 [0.04-3.22]
ventilation
1/50
3/52
CT1
Samajdar
69%
0.31 [0.09-1.07]
hosp.
3/50
10/52
CT1
Samajdar
29%
0.71 [0.55-0.91]
no recov.
50 (n)
52 (n)
CT1
Samajdar
10%
0.90 [0.80-1.02]
no recov.
50 (n)
52 (n)
CT1
Dhanger (RCT)
43%
0.57 [0.18-1.80]
death
4/40
7/40
Dhanger (RCT)
78%
0.22 [0.09-0.51]
ICU
5/40
23/40
Dhanger (RCT)
70%
0.30 [0.16-0.55]
no recov.
9/40
30/40
Lee
33%
0.67 [0.42-1.08]
cases
19/1,674
95/5,345
Monserrat .. (PSM)
49%
0.51 [0.28-0.90]
death
n/a
n/a
Loucera
22%
0.78 [0.65-0.92]
death
1,047 (n)
14,921 (n)
Bai
31%
0.69 [0.40-1.19]
hosp.
71 (n)
241 (n)
CT1
Bai
51%
0.49 [0.27-0.90]
hosp.
10/71
69/241
CT1
Bai
13%
0.87 [0.59-1.29]
hosp.
30/129
49/183
CT1
Bai
24%
0.76 [0.66-0.87]
cases
71 (n)
241 (n)
CT1
Bai
17%
0.83 [0.69-0.99]
cases
44/71
181/241
CT1
Bai
29%
0.71 [0.61-0.83]
cases
78/129
147/173
CT1
Budesonide COVID-19 outcomes
c19 early .org
October 2024
1 CT: study uses combined treatment 2 MP: multiple medications, percentage budesonide shown
Favors budesonide
Favors control
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