The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 12, 7]], 'date-time': '2022-12-07T06:01:23Z', 'timestamp': 1670392883193}, 'reference-count': 12, 'publisher': 'Walter de Gruyter GmbH', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 1, 1]], 'date-time': '2022-01-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1640995200000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 22]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of ' 'coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a retrospective study of COVID-19 ' 'inpatients in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) from January 1 to February 29, 2020. ' 'The subjects were divided into four groups due to different treatment regimes. We used the ' 'Kaplan–Meier method to determine the cumulative rates of in-hospital death and the Cox ' 'proportional hazard model to calculate the risk factors and corresponding hazard ratios. A ' 'total of 185 patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 62 ' 'years, including 94 men and 91 women. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that mortality was ' 'higher in older patients, higher in men, and lower in the low-flow oxygen therapy group. Body ' 'mass index (BMI) had no influence on mortality, as well as high flow oxygen therapy, ' 'Lopinavir–ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy, and the interferon-alpha add LPV/r therapy. Cox ' 'proportional hazard regression confirmed that the low flow oxygen therapy was independent ' 'protective factor for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. In ' 'conclusion, the mortality was higher in older patients, higher in men, and lower in the ' 'low-flow oxygen therapy group. BMI had no influence on mortality, as well as high flow oxygen ' 'therapy, LPV/r therapy, and interferon-alpha add LPV/r therapy.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1515/med-2022-0569', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-11-22T14:25:57Z', 'timestamp': 1669127157000}, 'page': '1833-1839', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality', 'prefix': '10.1515', 'volume': '17', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Ling', 'family': 'Yang', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital ' 'Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Guoxi', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Yuyang', 'family': 'Cai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of ' 'Medicine , Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Ye', 'family': 'An', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of ' 'Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Xiaopan', 'family': 'Li', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University , ' 'Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Ying', 'family': 'Chen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of ' 'Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Cheng', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of ' 'Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China'}]}, { 'given': 'Chen', 'family': 'Ji', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School , Warwick , ' 'Great Britain'}]}, { 'given': 'Xing', 'family': 'Lan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Yaling', 'family': 'Wang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Hai', 'family': 'Huang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , ' 'China'}]}, { 'given': 'Li', 'family': 'Han', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of ' 'Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China'}]}], 'member': '374', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 22]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '2022120618374797156_j_med-2022-0569_ref_001', 'unstructured': 'Chinese researchers reveal draft genome of virus implicated in Wuhan ' 'pneumonia outbreak. 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