The relationship between oxygen therapy, drug therapy, and COVID-19 mortality

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1515/med-2022-0569", "ISSN": [ "2391-5463" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2022-0569", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a retrospective study of COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) from January 1 to February 29, 2020. The subjects were divided into four groups due to different treatment regimes. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to determine the cumulative rates of in-hospital death and the Cox proportional hazard model to calculate the risk factors and corresponding hazard ratios. A total of 185 patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 62 years, including 94 men and 91 women. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that mortality was higher in older patients, higher in men, and lower in the low-flow oxygen therapy group. Body mass index (BMI) had no influence on mortality, as well as high flow oxygen therapy, Lopinavir–ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy, and the interferon-alpha add LPV/r therapy. Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed that the low flow oxygen therapy was independent protective factor for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. In conclusion, the mortality was higher in older patients, higher in men, and lower in the low-flow oxygen therapy group. BMI had no influence on mortality, as well as high flow oxygen therapy, LPV/r therapy, and interferon-alpha add LPV/r therapy.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "10.1515/med-2022-0569" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Yang", "given": "Ling", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , China" } ], "family": "Chen", "given": "Guoxi", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Cai", "given": "Yuyang", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "An", "given": "Ye", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Li", "given": "Xiaopan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Chen", "given": "Ying", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Xu", "given": "Cheng", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School , Warwick , Great Britain" } ], "family": "Ji", "given": "Chen", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , China" } ], "family": "Lan", "given": "Xing", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , China" } ], "family": "Wang", "given": "Yaling", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Tuberculosis department, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital , Wuhan , China" } ], "family": "Huang", "given": "Hai", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital , Shanghai , China" } ], "family": "Han", "given": "Li", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Open Medicine", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 11, 22 ] ], "date-time": "2022-11-22T14:25:57Z", "timestamp": 1669127157000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12, 6 ] ], "date-time": "2022-12-06T22:53:26Z", "timestamp": 1670367206000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2022-12-07T06:01:23Z", "timestamp": 1670392883193 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 1, 1 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 11, 22 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 11, 22 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "unspecified", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 1, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1640995200000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2022-0569/xml", "content-type": "application/xml", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2022-0569/pdf", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "374", "original-title": [], "page": "1833-1839", "prefix": "10.1515", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 1, 1 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 11, 22 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 11, 22 ] ] }, "publisher": "Walter de Gruyter GmbH", "reference": [ { "key": "2022120618374797156_j_med-2022-0569_ref_001", "unstructured": "Chinese researchers reveal draft genome of virus implicated in Wuhan pneumonia outbreak. 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