Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 11, 16]], 'date-time': '2023-11-16T02:45:38Z', 'timestamp': 1700102738880}, 'reference-count': 51, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '23', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 26]], 'date-time': '2022-11-26T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1669420800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'funder': [{'name': 'Taif University Researchers Supporting Program', 'award': ['TURSP-2020/128']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Vitamin C, (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and zinc (zinc sulfate ' 'monohydrate) supplements are important in immunity against coronavirus disease-2019 ' '(COVID-19). However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association of ' 'vitamins and supplements with the reduced risks of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to ' 'evaluate the association of vitamins and supplements as treatment options to reduce the ' 'severity of COVID-19. Data were collected from 962 participants from 13 December 2020 to 4 ' 'February 2021. The presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The Chi-square test and ' 'multivariate regression analyses were conducted. The ratio of uptake of vitamin C:vitamin ' 'D:zinc was 1:1:0.95. Uptake of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc were significantly associated ' 'with the reduced risk of infection and severity of COVID-19 (OR: 0.006 (95% CI: 0.03–0.11) (p ' '= 0.004)) and (OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.22) (p = 0.005)). The tendency of taking supplements ' 'was associated with the presence of infection of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.02), sex (p ' '= 0.05) and residence (p = 0.04). The duration of supplementation and medication was ' 'significantly associated with reduced hospitalization (p = 0.0001). Vitamins C, D and zinc ' 'were not significantly (p = 0.9) associated with a reduced risk of severity when taken ' 'through the diet. Hospitalization (p = 0.000001) and access to health facilities (p = 0.0097) ' 'were significantly associated with the survival period of the participants. Participants with ' 'better access to health facilities recovered early (OR: 6.21, 95% CI 1.56–24.7). This study ' 'will add knowledge in the field of treatment of COVID-19 by using vitamins and zinc ' 'supplements.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu14235029', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 28]], 'date-time': '2022-11-28T12:01:30Z', 'timestamp': 1669636890000}, 'page': '5029', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 5, 'title': 'Impact of Zinc, Vitamins C and D on Disease Prognosis among Patients with COVID-19 in ' 'Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '14', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-9726', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Nadim', 'family': 'Sharif', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-1509', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rubayet Rayhan', 'family': 'Opu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Afsana', 'family': 'Khan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-0106', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Khalid J.', 'family': 'Alzahrani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-5438', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Hamsa Jameel', 'family': 'Banjer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-5214', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Fuad M.', 'family': 'Alzahrani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nusaira', 'family': 'Haque', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shahriar', 'family': 'Khan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-2070', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Saimum Tahreef', 'family': 'Soumik', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-4967', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Ming', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hanwen', 'family': 'Huang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Xiao', 'family': 'Song', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-3872', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Anowar Khasru', 'family': 'Parvez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-5673', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Shuvra Kanti', 'family': 'Dey', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 11, 26]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'unstructured': '(2022, August 13). 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