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Association of Vitamin D Status with COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in the Asia Pacific region: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yadav et al., Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1
Feb 2021  
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Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 122 studies, recognized in 9 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 102 treatments. c19early.org
Analysis of vitamin D levels and COVID-19 in 37 Asia Pacific countries, finding a significant association with the number of cases/million (r =  −0.394, p = 0.016) and a weak association with the number of deaths/ million (r =  −0.280, p = 0.093).
Yadav et al., 3 Feb 2021, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
This PaperVitamin DAll
Association of Vitamin D Status with COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in the Asia Pacific region: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dharmveer Yadav, Amandeep Birdi, Sojit Tomo, Jaykaran Charan, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Praveen Sharma
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1
has been declared a global pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. Still, very little is known about the potential protective dietary factors for the prevention of infection and mortality due to COVID-19. Keeping in view the scarcity of literature/studies available, in this regards present study was undertaken to assess if there is any correlation between mean levels of Vitamin D in various Asia Pacific countries with the infection and mortality caused by COVID-19. We collected data for mean levels of Vitamin D for 37 Asia Pacific countries for which we have also got the data regarding the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. The mean levels of Vitamin D were found to have a significant association with the number of cases/million(r = -0.394, p value = 0.016) and a weak association with the number of deaths/ million (r = -0.280, p value = 0.093) due to COVID-19. In conclusion, we found a significant relationship between Vitamin D levels with the number of COVID-19 cases. So further clinical trial/study with a large sample size is needed to elucidate the protective role of Vitamin D in COVID-19.
References
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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;25:4048–52.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci'}, { 'key': '950_CR27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '551', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.016', 'volume': '111', 'author': 'KC Olson', 'year': '2018', 'unstructured': 'Olson KC, Kulling Larkin PM, Signorelli R, Hamele CE, Olson TL, Conaway ' 'MR, et al. Vitamin D pathway activation selectively deactivates ' 'signaltransducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins and ' 'inflammatory cyto-kine production in natural killer leukemic large ' 'granular lymphocytes. Cytokine. 2018;111:551–62.', 'journal-title': 'Cytokine'}, { 'key': '950_CR28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '988', 'DOI': '10.3390/nu12040988', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'WB Grant', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et ' 'al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of ' 'influ-enza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12:988.', 'journal-title': 'Nutrients'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '950_CR29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1195', 'DOI': '10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'P Ilie', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Ilie P, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention ' 'of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. ' '2020;32(7):1195–8.', 'journal-title': 'Aging Clin Exp Res'}, { 'key': '950_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '204', 'DOI': '10.1093/ajcn/77.1.204', 'volume': '77', 'author': 'RP Heaney', 'year': '2003', 'unstructured': 'Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum ' '25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with ' 'cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:204–10.', 'journal-title': 'Am J Clin Nutr'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '950_CR31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '295', 'DOI': '10.4103/2230-8210.93773', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'D Maji', 'year': '2012', 'unstructured': 'Maji D. Vitamin D toxicity. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(2):295–6.', 'journal-title': 'Indian J Endocrinol Metab'}, { 'key': '950_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1093/nutrit/nuaa081', 'author': 'F Hadizadeh', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Hadizadeh F. Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic? ' '[published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 17]. Nutr Rev. 2020. ' 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa081.', 'journal-title': 'Nutr Rev.'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '950_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '735', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30268-0', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'AR Martineau', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Martineau AR, Forouhi NG. Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer? ' 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(9):735–6.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '950_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '191', 'DOI': '10.4062/biomolther.2015.122', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'KY Lee', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Lee KY, Choi HS, Choi HS, et al. Quercetin directly interacts with ' 'vitamin D receptor (VDR): structural implication of VDR activation by ' 'quercetin. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2016;24(2):191–8.', 'journal-title': 'Biomol Ther (Seoul)'}, { 'issue': '42', 'key': '950_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '36228', 'DOI': '10.1074/jbc.M111.244061', 'volume': '286', 'author': 'AA Hidalgo', 'year': '2011', 'unstructured': 'Hidalgo AA, Deeb KK, Pike JW, Johnson CS, Trump DL. Dexamethasone ' 'enhances 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 effects by increasing vitamin D ' 'receptor transcription. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(42):36228–37.', 'journal-title': 'J Biol Chem'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '950_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '129', 'DOI': '10.3390/biomedicines8050129', 'volume': '8', 'author': 'GV Glinsky', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Glinsky GV. Tripartite combination of candidate pandemic mitigation ' 'agents: vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol manifest properties of ' 'medicinal agents for targeted mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic ' 'defined by genomics-guided tracing of SARS-CoV-2 targets in human cells. ' 'Biomedicines. 2020;8(5):129.', 'journal-title': 'Biomedicines'}, { 'key': '950_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.6886', 'author': 'A Pawar', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Pawar A, Pal A. Molecular and functional resemblance of dexamethasone ' 'and quercetin: A paradigm worth exploring in dexamethasone-nonresponsive ' 'COVID-19 patients [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 30]. 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Indian J Clin ' 'Biochem. 2020;35(3):274–84.', 'journal-title': 'Indian J Clin Biochem'}, { 'key': '950_CR39', 'unstructured': 'A Study of Hydroxychloroquine, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc for the ' 'Prevention of COVID-19 Infection (HELPCOVID-19) NCT04335084.'}], 'container-title': 'Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 9, 21]], 'date-time': '2021-09-21T06:29:33Z', 'timestamp': 1632205773000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 3]]}, 'references-count': 39, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '4', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 10]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['950'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12291-020-00950-1', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0970-1915', '0974-0422'], 'subject': [], 'container-title-short': 'Ind J Clin Biochem', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 3]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '14 October 2020', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '11 December 2020', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '3 February 2021', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Compliance with Ethical Standards'}}, { 'value': 'The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the ' 'content of this article.', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Conflict of interest'}}]}
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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