COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency
et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014, Sep 2020
Zinc for COVID-19
2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in
July 2020, now with p = 0.00000028 from 47 studies, recognized in 23 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for
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Prospective study of zinc levels in 47 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 45 healthy controls. COVID-19 patients had significantly lower zinc levels (74.5 vs. 105.8 median μg/dl, p < 0.001). 57.4% of COVID-19 patients were zinc deficient, and they had higher rates of complications, ARDS, prolonged hospital stay, and increased mortality.
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risk of death, 89.7% lower, RR 0.10, p = 0.06, high zinc levels 0 of 20 (0.0%), low zinc levels 5 of 27 (18.5%), NNT 5.4, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
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risk of ICU admission, 92.4% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.02, high zinc levels 0 of 20 (0.0%), low zinc levels 7 of 27 (25.9%), NNT 3.9, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
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| Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates |
Jothimani et al., 10 Sep 2020, prospective, India, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014
Background: Zinc is a trace element with potent immunoregulatory and antiviral properties, and is utilized in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 . However, we do not know the clinical significance of serum Zinc levels in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum zinc in COVID-19 patients and to establish a correlation with disease severity. Methods: This was a prospective study of fasting zinc levels in COVID-19 patients at the time of hospitalization. An initial comparative analysis was conducted between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. COVID-19 patients with zinc deficiency were compared to those with normal zinc levels. Results: COVID-19 patients (n = 47) showed significantly lower zinc levels when compared to healthy controls (n = 45): median 74.5 (interquartile range 53.4-94.6) mg/dl vs 105.8 (interquartile range 95.65-120.90) mg/dl (p < 0.001). Amongst the COVID-19 patients, 27 (57.4%) were found to be zinc deficient. These patients were found to have higher rates of complications (p = 0.009), acute respiratory distress syndrome (18.5% vs 0%, p = 0.06), corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.02), prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.05), and increased mortality (18.5% vs 0%, p = 0.06). The odds ratio (OR) of developing complications was 5.54 for zinc deficient COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: The study data clearly show that a significant number of COVID-19 patients were zinc deficient. These zinc deficient patients developed more complications, and the deficiency was associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality.
Conflict of interest
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