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All Studies   All Outcomes    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality, age 65+ 74% Improvement Relative Risk Mortality, age 40-64 -1182% Hospitalization, age 65+ 45% Hospitalization, age 40-64 -80% Molnupiravir  Arbel et al.  EARLY TREATMENT Is early treatment with molnupiravir beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 19,868 patients in Israel (January - March 2022) Lower mortality (p=0.0079) and hospitalization (p=0.014) c19early.org Arbel et al., New England J. Medicine, Sep 2022 Favors molnupiravir Favors control

Molnupiravir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes During the Omicron Surge

Arbel et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2204919 (date from preprint)
Sep 2022  
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Retrospective 19,868 patients eligible for molnupiravir treatment in Israel with 1,069 treated, showing lower mortality and hospitalization with treatment for the subgroup of patients ≥65, and higher mortality for patients 40-64. Authors only provide subgroup results.
Confounding by treatment propensity. This study analyzes a population where only a fraction of eligible patients received the treatment. Patients receiving treatment may be more likely to follow other recommendations, more likely to receive additional care, and more likely to use additional treatments that are not tracked in the data (e.g., nasal/oral hygiene c19early.org, c19early.org (B), vitamin D c19early.org (C), etc.) — either because the physician recommending molnupiravir also recommended them, or because the patient seeking out molnupiravir is more likely to be familiar with the efficacy of additional treatments and more likely to take the time to use them. Therefore, these kind of studies may overestimate the efficacy of treatments.
Concerns have been raised that the mutagenic mechanism of action may create dangerous variants or cause cancer Chamod, Hadj Hassine, Huntsman, Marikawa, Swanstrom, Waters, Zhou, Zibat. Multiple analyses have identified variants potentially created by molnupiravir Fountain-Jones, Kosakovsky Pond, Sanderson, twitter.com.
Study covers molnupiravir and paxlovid.
risk of death, 74.0% lower, HR 0.26, p = 0.008, treatment 4 of 845 (0.5%), control 137 of 12,724 (1.1%), adjusted per study, multivariable, Cox proportional hazards, age 65+.
risk of death, 1182.0% higher, HR 12.82, p < 0.001, treatment 4 of 224 (1.8%), control 7 of 6,075 (0.1%), adjusted per study, multivariable, Cox proportional hazards, age 40-64.
risk of hospitalization, 45.0% lower, HR 0.55, p = 0.01, treatment 18 of 845 (2.1%), control 513 of 12,724 (4.0%), NNT 53, adjusted per study, multivariable, Cox proportional hazards, age 65+.
risk of hospitalization, 80.0% higher, HR 1.80, p = 0.12, treatment 8 of 224 (3.6%), control 97 of 6,075 (1.6%), adjusted per study, multivariable, Cox proportional hazards, age 40-64.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Arbel et al., 29 Sep 2022, retrospective, Israel, preprint, 11 authors, study period 16 January, 2022 - 31 March, 2022. Contact: ronen.arbel@gmail.com.
This PaperMolnupiravirAll
Molnupiravir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes During the Omicron Surge
Ronen Arbel, Yael Wolff Sagy, Erez Battat, Gil Lavie, Ruslan Sergienko, Michael Friger, Alon Peretz, Shlomit Yaron, Danielle Serby, Ariel Hammerman, Doron Netzer
doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2115769/v1
Background The oral antiviral molnupiravir is moderately effective in high-risk, unvaccinated non-hospitalized patients infected with early variants of SARS-CoV-2. Data regarding the effectiveness of molnupiravir against the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant and in vaccinated populations are limited. Methods We obtained data for all members of Clalit Health Services, 40 years of age and older, eligible for molnupiravir therapy during the omicron surge. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model with timedependent covariates was used to estimate the association between molnupiravir treatment and hospitalizations and deaths due to Covid-19, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, coexisting conditions, and prior Covid-19 immunity status. Results A total of 19,868 participants met the eligibility criteria, of whom 1,069 (5%) received molnupiravir during the study period. In patients 65 years and above, the rate of hospitalizations related to Covid-19 in treated compared to untreated patients was 74.6 versus 127.6 per 100,000 person-days; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.55 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.88). The adjusted HR for death due to Covid-19 was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.73). Among patients aged 40 to 64, the hospitalizations rate in treated compared to untreated patients was 125.8 versus 49.1 per 100,000 person-days; adjusted HR 1.80 (95% CI, 0.86 to 3.77). The adjusted HR for death was 12.8 (95% CI, 3.41 to 48.2). Conclusions In a cohort of non-hospitalized, omicron-infected high-risk patients, molnupiravir therapy was associated with a signi cant reduction in hospitalizations and mortality due to Covid-19 in patients 65 years and above. However, no evidence of bene t was found in younger adults.
This work did not receive any nancial or in-kind support. Con icts of Interest All authors report no Con icts of interest
References
Arbel, Sagy, Hoshen, Battat, Lavie et al., Nirmatrelvir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes during the Omicron Surge, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2204919
Bernal, Da Silva, Musungaie, Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Non-hospitalized Patients, N Engl J Med
Li, Wang, Lavrijsen, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly sensitive to molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and the combination, Cell Res, doi:10.1038/s41422-022-00618-w
Lévesque, Hanley, Kezouh, Problem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetes, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5087
Takashita, Kinoshita, Yamayoshi, E cacy of Antibodies and Antiviral Drugs against Covid-19 Omicron Variant, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2119407
Takashita, Kinoshita, Yamayoshi, E cacy of Antiviral Agents against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.2, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2201933
Yip, Lui, Lai, Wong, Tse et al., Impact of the use of oral antiviral agents on the risk of hospitalization in community COVID-19 patients, Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciac687
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