October 2026
Sleep COVID-19 outcomes
StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Cloosterman32%0.68 · 0.43–1.07symp. case31/201222/2,385
Gao36%0.64 · 0.42–0.97casescase-control study
Kim17%0.83 · 0.70–0.99m/s case2,884 (all patients)
Kim11%0.89 · 0.81–0.97cases2,884 (all patients)
Holt12%0.88 · 0.61–1.27cases15,227 (all patients)COVIDENCE UK
Holt12%0.88 · 0.68–1.14cases15,227 (all patients)COVIDENCE UK
Holt22%0.78 · 0.60–0.99cases15,227 (all patients)COVIDENCE UK
Marcus16%0.84 · 0.76–0.93symp. case14,335 (all patients)
Li43%0.57 · 0.35–0.90death46,535 (all patients)
Li36%0.64 · 0.46–0.89hosp.46,535 (all patients)
Li21%0.79 · 0.64–0.96hosp.46,535 (all patients)
Ahmadi3%0.97 · 0.59–1.61death189/252,78817/14,520
Mohsin38%0.62 · 0.49–0.77severe case327/948273/552
Huang81%0.19 · 0.05–0.66severe case12/1274/9
Paul67%0.33 · 0.19–0.55PASC1,811 (all patients)LONG COVID
Paul54%0.46 · 0.28–0.74PASC1,811 (all patients)LONG COVID
Jones39%0.61 · 0.45–0.82deathn/an/a
Jones32%0.68 · 0.56–0.82hosp.n/an/a
Jones7%0.93 · 0.86–1.00casesn/an/a
Pływaczewska-J..17%0.83 · 0.68–1.01m/s case1,225 (n)622 (n)
Pływaczewska-J..7%0.93 · 0.73–1.16PASC1,015 (n)502 (n)
Wang36%0.64 · 0.50–0.82PASC559 (n)180 (n)LONG COVID
Wang18%0.82 · 0.69–0.99PASC1,979 (all patients)LONG COVID
Wang30%0.70 · 0.52–0.94PASC238 (n)166 (n)LONG COVID
Pavlidou40%0.60 · 0.50–0.75cases3,345 (n)1,852 (n)
Wang19%0.81 · 0.72–0.92death50,777 (n)18,119 (n)
Wang15%0.85 · 0.80–0.89hosp.50,777 (n)18,119 (n)
Wang23%0.77 · 0.73–0.82PASC50,777 (n)18,119 (n)
Atceken67%0.33 · 0.13–0.79severe case39 (n)182 (n)
Papantoniou29%0.71 · 0.53–0.95PASC783 (n)174 (n)
Papantoniou26%0.74 · 0.53–1.03PASC107/78336/174
Papantoniou38%0.62 · 0.34–1.14PASC107/78310/41
Papantoniou30%0.70 · 0.56–0.89PASC212/1,56181/378
Papantoniou37%0.63 · 0.49–0.81PASC139/1,16481/378
Papantoniou31%0.69 · 0.53–0.90PASC139/1,16473/397
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